Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: F. Klimeš Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Kolář Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Kobes Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Czech Republic Author-Name: B. Voženílková Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Czech Republic Title: The impacts of various cultivation methods and permanent grassland use on the changes in Taraxacum officinale Web. cover rate Abstract: Between 1999 and 2002, the area at the foot of the ŠumavaMountainRange was used to study the possibilities of harmonizing the productive and non-productive performance offered by permanent grassland. This paper presents the possibilities of Taraxacum officinale control within the permanent grassland covers (of the Lolio-Cynosuretum association). In an effort to reduce the cover rate of this species, it seems appropriate to reduce its use frequency. In the vegetation covers mowed three times a year the Taraxacum officinale reduction may be facilitated with the 100 N + PK dose application. Keywords: Taraxacum officinale Web., permanent grass stands, fertilization, mowing, grazing, mulching, combined use, use frequency, unharvested stands Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 49-54 Volume: 49 Issue: 2 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.17221/4089-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4089-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200302-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:49:y:2003:i:2:id:4089-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: V. Stejskal Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Hubert Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: Z. Kučerová Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: Z. Munzbergová Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Lukáš Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: E. Žďárková Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Title: The influence of the type of storage on pest infestation of stored grain in the Czech Republic Abstract: Stored-product pests cause high economic losses by feeding on stored grain and endanger the public health by contamination of food by allergens. Therefore, the aim of this work was to explore whether the risk of infestation of stored grain by pests is different in various types of storage premises. We compared the level of infestation and the pest species composition in the two main types of grain stores in Central Europethat includes horizontal flat-stores (HFS) and vertical silo-stores (elevators) (VSS). A total of 147 grain stores located in Bohemia, CzechRepublicwas inspected. We found that both types of stores were infested with arthropods of three main taxonomic groups: mites (25 species, 120 000 individuals), psocids (8 species, 5 600 individuals) and beetles (23 species, 4 500 individuals). We found that VSS and HFS differ in species composition of mites, psocids and beetles. However, the primary grain pests (i.e. Lepidoglyphus destructor, Acarus siro, Tyrophagus putrescentiae, Lachesilla pedicularia, Sitophilus oryzae, Rhyzopertha dominica, Oryzaephilus surinamensis and Cryptolestes ferrugineus) occurred in both types of stores. The only exception was higher frequency and abundance of two serious beetle-pests (Tribolium castaneum, Sitophilus granarius) in HFS than in VSS. The total numbers of mite and beetle species infesting VSS and HFS was almost the same. There was higher psocid species diversity in VSS than in HFS. The difference between the total (i.e. level of pest infestation per kg of grain sample) numbers of mite and psocid individuals collected from VSS and HFS was not significant. However, the total numbers of beetle-pest individuals collected from HFS was twice the amount collected from VSS. We concluded that both types of stores are equally risky in terms of mite and psocid infestation. HFS is more risky for grain storage than VSS in terms of beetle infestations, although even the VSS structures cannot be in no way called pest-safe. The VSS and HFS microclimatic conditions (humidity, temperature) are discussed in relation to mite, psocid and beetle infestation. Keywords: food, grain, storage, silo, bulk stores, pests, mites, psocids, beetles Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 55-62 Volume: 49 Issue: 2 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.17221/4090-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4090-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200302-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:49:y:2003:i:2:id:4090-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Komínek Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Holleinová Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Title: Evaluation of sanitary status of grapevines in the Czech Republic Abstract: A survey was made to evaluate sanitary status of grapevines in the Czech Republic with regard to occurrence of economically important viruses. Propagation material of 109 grapevine clones was tested for presence of Grapevine fanleaf virus, Arabis mosaic virus, Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 1, Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3, Grapevine virus A, Grapevine virus B and Grapevine fleck virus. Dormant canes were collected and cortical scrappings were analyzed by DAS-ELISA. All seven viruses tested were found to be widely spread in Czech propagation material of grapevine. From 330 individual vines tested, 148 vines were found to be infected with at least one virus. From 109 clones tested, in 98 clones at least one vine negative for tested pathogens was found. Such vines were promoted as candidate plants into screenhouse in Faculty of Horticulture Lednice and will be further tested by other methods. Sanitation of infected grapevine clones is needed in near future. Keywords: Grapevine fanleaf virus, Arabis mosaic virus, Grapevine virus A, Grapevine virus B, Grapevine fleck virus, Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 1, Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3, certification, ELISA, propagation material Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 63-66 Volume: 49 Issue: 2 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.17221/4091-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4091-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200302-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:49:y:2003:i:2:id:4091-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: L. Dotlačil Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Hermuth Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: Z. Stehno Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Title: Earliness, spike productivity and protein content in European winter wheat landraces and obsolete cultivars Abstract: European winter wheat landraces and obsolete cultivars (121 accessions in set I and 101 accessions in set II) with modern check cultivars were evaluated in three-year field trials. Increased spike productivity in modern cultivars could be attributed mainly to increased number of grains in spikelet and increased HI, whereas TGW has marginal effect. Old cultivars had on average by 2-3% higher crude protein content in grain than modern ones. Among selected 10 characters, relatively wide diversity (C.V. 11-20%) has been estimated in spike length and characters of spike productivity (except of grain weight with C.V. close to 9%). It was difficult to distinguish the cultivars according to the country of origin, however, earliness and lower spike productivity seems to be characteristic for South-East origin whereas cultivars from North-West Europe showed opposite characters. Correlation analyses showed close relations between earliness in heading and in maturity and negative relation between late heading and grain filling period, which was positively correlated with TGW and HI (r = 0.26 to 0.38). Number of grains in spikelets was highly correlated with spike productivity and HI (r = 0.62 to 0.69) whereas relations between these two characters and TGW were lower (r = 0.20 to 0.51). Spike productivity characters, except of TGW, are in negative correlation with crude protein content in grain (r = -0.34 to -0.50). Regression analyses confirmed that main determining character for the spike productivity is number of kernels in spikelet (about 40% of variation) while effects of TGW are about half-size. Crude protein content was positively affected by plant height (15-30% of variation) impact of grain weight per spike was lower (14-17% of variation) and negative. Potentially valuable donors of earliness and longer grain filling period were identified for further studies and/or utilization in breeding programs. As especially valuable character can be considered very high crude protein content (around 18% in cvs Berg-land, Ukrajinka, Sippbachzeller, Innichen Nr. 25001 and Barbu du Finistre). High crude protein content combined with relatively good spike productivity and/or long grain filling period or earliness was found in cvs Visperterminen 640 E, Hatvan, Szekacz 1242, Berchtesgardener Vogel, Ble du Lot and Barbu du Finistere. Keywords: wheat, geographic origin, genetic diversity, relations among characters, donors Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 67-74 Volume: 49 Issue: 2 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.17221/4092-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4092-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200302-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:49:y:2003:i:2:id:4092-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Prokop Author-Workplace-Name: State Phytosanitary Administration, Division of Plant Protection Equipment, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: K. Veverka Author-Workplace-Name: State Phytosanitary Administration, Division of Plant Protection Equipment, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Influence of droplet spectra on the efficiency of contact and systemic herbicides Abstract: The effect of droplet spectra on efficiency of contact and systemic herbicides was evaluated. As a model components were used: mixture of clethodim 240 g/l + surfactant (90% raps fluid, 10% polyetoxyl esters); bentazon 600 g/l and bentazon 480 g/l + Wettol LF 150 g/l. The effect of droplet spectra on Elytrigia repens (L.) Desv. was evaluated using systemic herbicide (clethodim 240 g/l + surfactant). No significant differences of the efficiency were observed between different droplet sizes at the treatments of mixture of clethodim + adjuvant between very different droplet size ranging from VMD = 193 µm to VMD = 929 µm. The effect of droplet spectra on Chenopodium album L. and Galium aparine L. was evaluated using contact herbicides (bentazon 600 g/l and bentazon 480 g/l + Wettol LF 150 g/l). Six droplet spectra, ranging from VMD = 183 µm to VMD = 911 µm, were used. The efficiency significantly increased with smaller droplet sizes. The worst results were achieved by droplet spectra of 586 µm and 911 µm for both bentazon 600 g/l and bentazon 480 g/l + Wettol LF 150 g/l. Effect of droplet spectra is more pronounced in contact compounds. Translocation of systemic compounds may be the main mechanism that nullifies the effect of the droplets size and lower leaf coverage. Keywords: pesticide application, droplet spectra, Elytrigia repens, Galium aparine, Chenopodium album, clethodim, bentazon, raps fluid Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 75-80 Volume: 49 Issue: 2 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.17221/4093-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4093-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200302-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:49:y:2003:i:2:id:4093-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. Pekár Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production, Prague-Ruzynì, Czech Republic Title: Change in the community of epigeal spiders and harvestmen (Araneae, Opiliones) with the age of an apple orchard Abstract: Change in the community of epigeal spiders and harvestmen (Araneae, Opiliones) was studied in an experimental apple orchard for six consecutive years. Five plots were surveyed by pitfall traps. Four of the plots were young (1-4 years); one plot was older (15-20 years). The abundance of epigeal arachnids increased with the age on the young plots, while it was constant on the older plot. There were significantly more arachnids on the young plots than on the older one. In turn, the diversity was significantly lower on the young than on the older plots. Lycosidae, Phalangiidae and Tetra-gnathidae dominated the young plots. The older plots were richer in Agelenidae, Clubionidae, Dysderidae, Gnaphosidae, Linyphiidae, Pisauridae and Salticidae. Principal species of the young and older plots were identified using multivariate analysis. Keywords: Araneae, Opiliones, succession, habitat age, epigeal, orchard Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 81-88 Volume: 49 Issue: 2 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.17221/4094-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4094-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200302-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:49:y:2003:i:2:id:4094-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Mikulka Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: D. Chodová Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Title: Germination and emergence of prickly lettuce (Lactuca serriola L.) and its susceptibility to selected herbicides Abstract: Three-year trials were conducted to study germination and emergence of prickly lettuce (Lactuca serriola L.) achenes, increments of shoot dry matter and susceptibility of the weed to selected herbicides. The germination rates of achenes at10°C (92%),20°C (97%) and30°C (95%) did not indicate any significant differences within 20 days from sowing. The highest percentage emergence of prickly lettuce achenes was determined after their sowing into a depth of1 mm. Differences from the variants of sowing onto the soil surface (0 mm), into a depth of 10 and20 mm were significant. There were no differences in the emergence rates from a depth of 10 and20 mm. The highest increments of shoot dry matter were observed when prickly lettuce plants were grown for 4-7 weeks after sowing at20°C. The effect of selected herbicides on prickly lettuce plants treated at the stage of 2-3 true leaves was evaluated on the basis of a change in the content of shoot dry matter. A significant decrease in dry matter against the control was recorded in all variants after herbicide application. The effect (expressed by a lower dry matter content) was significantly higher after the combination amidosulfuron + iodosulfuron-methyl + mefenpyr-diethyl (10 + 2.5 + 25 g/ha) was used than after the application of tribenuron (10.85 g/ha) and picolinafen + cyanazine (120 g + 480 h). The effect of amidosulfuron (22.5 g/ha) was significantly higher than in the variants treated with tribenuron, picloram + clopyralid (16.75 + 66.75 g/ha), clopyralid (90 g/ha) and picolinafen + cyanazine (150 + 600 g/ha). The best effects were produced by herbicides containing amidosulfuron and iodosulfuron as active ingredients. Keywords: Lactuca serriola L., germination, emergence, dry matter, susceptibility to herbicides Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 89-94 Volume: 49 Issue: 2 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.17221/4095-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4095-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200302-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:49:y:2003:i:2:id:4095-PSE