Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: T. Vyhnánek Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry in Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Bednář Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry in Brno, Czech Republic Title: Detection of the varietal purity in sample of harvested wheat and triticale grains by prolamin marker Abstract: In 1997 and 1998 we used samples of harvested grain to verify the possibility of distinguishing 14 winter wheat genotypes and six triticale genotypes and detecting the impurity on the basis of the detection of polymorphism of prolamin kernel proteins using the methods of the PAGE ISTA. On the basis of the identity index two sister prolamin lines with different percentage of participation, which was based on the weather conditions of the year of harvest, were discovered in seven wheat genotypes (Astella, Brea, Hana, Ilona, Siria, Sofia and Šárka) and two triticale genotypes (Tornádo and KM 779). A foreign genotype was detected in the Hana and Astella varieties. The identity index of the impurity to the Astella and Hana variety (i.e. ii = 0.28 and ii = 0.20, respectively) was considerably lower. In an unknown genotype (impurity) we detected the gliadin block Gld 1B3, which is the genetic marker of rye translocation T1BL.1RS, the Sr31 gene of resistance to black rust, higher cold resistance and the marker of poor baking quality (presence of secalin genes). The results proved the potential practical application of the method of electrophoretic detection of polymorphism of prolamin proteins as markers of impurities of foreign genotypes in a seed sample. Keywords: winter wheat, winter triticale, prolamin proteins, electrophoresis, admixture Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 95-98 Volume: 49 Issue: 3 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.17221/4096-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4096-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200303-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:49:y:2003:i:3:id:4096-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: V. Dvořáček Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Čurn Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Title: Evaluation of protein fractions as biochemical markers for identification of spelt wheat cultivars (Triticum spelta L.) Abstract: Four protein fractions: 1 - albumins and globulins, 2 - gliadins, 3 - glutenins (extracted in NaOH), 4 - glutenins (extracted in SDS) separated by SDS-PAGE were used as biochemical markers for evaluation of polymorphism level in three spelt wheat cultivars - Hercule, Altgold and Rouquin, three new-breeders' spelt lines - H92.27, H92.28 and M92.20 (originated from hybridisation between spelt and common wheat) and reference common wheat cultivar Brea. Electrophoretic phenotypes and zymograms were evaluated by means of digital image analysis and Nei and Li coefficient of similarity was used to evaluate the relation of analysed genotypes. Entire evaluation of all four-marker systems showed differences between common wheat cultivarBreaand spelt cultivars and spelt breeders' lines. Also significant differences between old spelt cultivars (Hercule, Altgold and Rouquin) and new spelt breeders' lines were found. The reality of the mutual passing of protein fractions (gliadins and glutenins), based on Osborne extraction was confirmed. In this sense it is necessary to see both fractions as dynamic overlapping structures. Keywords: spelt wheat, biochemical markers, seed proteins, electrophoresis, protein fractions Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 99-105 Volume: 49 Issue: 3 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.17221/4097-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4097-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200303-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:49:y:2003:i:3:id:4097-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S.W. HU Author-Workplace-Name: Shaanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangling, Shaanxi, China Author-Name: J. Ovesná Author-Workplace-Name: Shaanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangling, Shaanxi, China Author-Name: L. Kučera Author-Workplace-Name: Shaanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangling, Shaanxi, China Author-Name: V. Kučera Author-Workplace-Name: Shaanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangling, Shaanxi, China Author-Name: M. Vyvadilová Author-Workplace-Name: Shaanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangling, Shaanxi, China Title: Evaluation of genetic diversity of Brassica napus germplasm from China and Europe assessed by RAPD markers Abstract: The genetic diversity and the relationships among rapeseed germplasm, including a collection of 20 Chinese, 25 Czech, 2 German, 2 French, and 1 English cultivars and breeding materials were evaluated using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. A total of 79 different polymorphic amplification products were obtained using10 selected decamer primers. RAPDs revealed a significant level of polymorphism among the accessions. The diversity index (DI) ranged from 1.390 to 3.491, showing a sufficient potential of selected primers to differentiate among studied genotypes. Three different metrics were used to assess genetic diversity. The best fit between a priori knowledge about germplasm origin and a posteriori grouping was found using Hamman metrics. Cluster analysis based on Hamman pairwise distance comparison divided the studied accessions into three main clusters. The first group included only accessions fromChina, the second group only that fromEurope with the exception of Zhongshuang No. 2, a Chinese winter rape possessing European cultivars in the pedigree. The third group included accessions both fromChina andEurope. The results indicate the occurrence of a considerable genetic variation between Chinese and European accessions. Keywords: Brassica napus, RAPD, genetic diversity, genetic variability Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 106-113 Volume: 49 Issue: 3 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.17221/4098-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4098-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200303-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:49:y:2003:i:3:id:4098-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. Podlaski Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agronomy, Warsaw Agricultural University, Warsaw, Poland Author-Name: Z. Chrobak Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agronomy, Warsaw Agricultural University, Warsaw, Poland Author-Name: Z. Wyszkowska Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agronomy, Warsaw Agricultural University, Warsaw, Poland Title: The effect of parsley seed hydration treatment and pelleting on seed vigour Abstract: The effect of two priming techniques: hardening (prehydration treatment) and solid matrix priming (SMP) was studied on the seeds of two parsley varieties (Cukrowa and Berlińska) in 3-year laboratory experiments. On the images obtained from scanning electron microscope (SEM) there is a parsley embryo developing during germination up to the moment of radicle emergence. On the surface of primed seeds, in particular using the hardening method, lateral cracks are visible. The respiratory activity of primed seeds was similar to that of non-primed in the period of initial 24 h of germination, but significantly higher after 48 h. As compared to non primed seeds solid matrix priming significantly increased the percentage and the speed of germination. Nevertheless, pelleting reduced the positive effect of priming on the germination ability, without affecting the germination speed. After 18 months of storage, the vigour of primed seeds, particularly through hardening, had significantly decreased. Keywords: priming, parsley seeds, vigour Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 114-118 Volume: 49 Issue: 3 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.17221/4099-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4099-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200303-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:49:y:2003:i:3:id:4099-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Matušinsky Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry in Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: F. Hrabě Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry in Brno, Czech Republic Title: Dynamics of stand composition changes in grass and grass-clover stands and relations between dominant species Abstract: Changes in the species composition of temporary grass and grass-clover crops stands were studied in 1994-2000. The assessment consisted in determination of the dominance of individual species, measurement of their aboveground biomass weight and subsequent comparison of detected values. The measurements were evaluated by the method of determination of distance between vectors of stand composition and by the subsequent standardization. Resulting values are in a good agreement with the hither to knowledge and confirm that more favourable yield parameters are achieved within 30-60% of total changeability. Changes of species composition and stand changeability are at their initial stages of succession given by external changes mainly contributed to by the group of clumpy grass species and by internal changes within the group of pod-bearing plants. Keywords: grass and grass-clover stands, phytocenological relations Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 119-125 Volume: 49 Issue: 3 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.17221/4100-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4100-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200303-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:49:y:2003:i:3:id:4100-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Moś Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural University in Cracow, Poland Title: Changes in the germinability and vigour of winter triticale seeds with sprouting damage Abstract: Changes in the germinability and vigour of seeds with sprouting damage obtained after induced sprouting under laboratory conditions were investigated in winter triticale cultivars: Bogo,Moreno, Vero, in the years 1998-2000. The seeds were tested directly after harvest, at the optimal time for sowing winter triticale and after accelerated ageing test. Average germinability evaluated directly after induced sprouting and at the optimal time for sowing winter triticale ranged from 78.0% to 92.7% and from 70.3% to 81.0%, respectively. Similar results were obtained for the length of the first leaf and the length of the longest root. The estimated components of variance showed that the year variation and interaction of years with seed sprouting damage made the greatest percentage (to 49.2% and to 31.8%, respectively) of the total variation. After accelerated ageing a significant decrease in germinability and vigour of seeds was observed. That decrease was in proportion to sprouting damage which accounted for 57.6% of the total variation. These results point to poor storability of seeds with sprouting damage. Keywords: winter triticale, sprouting, seed germinability and vigour Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 126-130 Volume: 49 Issue: 3 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.17221/4101-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4101-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200303-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:49:y:2003:i:3:id:4101-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Mitrus Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Biology, University of Podlasie, Siedlce, Poland Author-Name: C. Stankiewicz Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Biology, University of Podlasie, Siedlce, Poland Author-Name: E. Steć Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Biology, University of Podlasie, Siedlce, Poland Author-Name: M. Kamecki Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Biology, University of Podlasie, Siedlce, Poland Author-Name: J. Starczewski Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Biology, University of Podlasie, Siedlce, Poland Title: The influence of selected cultivation on the content of total protein and amino acids in the potato tubers Abstract: The aim of study was to determine the effect of selected cultivation operations, such as nitrogenous fertilization (60,90 kgN/ha), row spacing (62, 82,102 cm), compaction of soil with wheels of farm aggregates (the numbers of passing 2×, 5×, 8×), on quality changes of two potato varieties (Irga and Ekra). The total protein content in the tubers of the tested potato varieties increased with the increase of the nitrogenous fertilization (90 kgN/ha). Genotype features of the tested potato tubers define the amino acid limiting the protein biological value (CS) to be leucine in Irga variety and isoleucine in Ekra variety. It is also genotype that influences the second limiting amino acid. It is the sum of sulphuric amino acids (Cys + Met) in respect to Irga variety and valine in respect to Ekra variety. The dose of90 kgN/ha decreases the protein biological value (EAAI) of the tubers of Ekra variety, which is high in starch. Keywords: potato, tuber, total protein, biological value of protein, amino acids, nitrogen fertilization, row spacing, soil compaction Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 131-134 Volume: 49 Issue: 3 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.17221/4102-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4102-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200303-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:49:y:2003:i:3:id:4102-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: K. Zuk-Golaszewska Author-Workplace-Name: University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland Author-Name: M.K. Upadhyaya Author-Workplace-Name: University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland Author-Name: J. Golaszewski Author-Workplace-Name: University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland Title: The effect of UV-B radiation on plant growth and development Abstract: In the experiment conducted in the greenhouse, the different doses of UV-B radiation applied to the two species Avena fatua and Setaria viridis induced changes in leaf and plant morphology. It was a decrease of plant height, fresh mass of leaves, shoots and roots as well as leaf area. Besides, it caused the leaf curling in both of the species. The significant differences between Avena fatua and Setaria viridis in the studied traits were mainly due to the tillering ability of the species. The content of chlorophyll varied considerably. The average values of leaf greenness (SPAD units) for oats were about 43 while for green foxtail 32, respectively. U-VB did not reduce leaf weight ratio, shoot dry matter, shoot to root ratio and leaf area ratio. Keywords: UV-B radiation, Avena fatua, Setaria viridis Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 135-140 Volume: 49 Issue: 3 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.17221/4103-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4103-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200303-0008.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:49:y:2003:i:3:id:4103-PSE