Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: V. Míka Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production, Prague-Ruzynì, Research Station of Grassland Ecosystems, Jevíèko, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Tillmann Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production, Prague-Ruzynì, Research Station of Grassland Ecosystems, Jevíèko, Czech Republic Author-Name: R. Koprna Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production, Prague-Ruzynì, Research Station of Grassland Ecosystems, Jevíèko, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Nerušil Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production, Prague-Ruzynì, Research Station of Grassland Ecosystems, Jevíèko, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Kučera Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production, Prague-Ruzynì, Research Station of Grassland Ecosystems, Jevíèko, Czech Republic Title: Fast prediction of quality parameters in whole seeds of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) Abstract: A calibration equation for NIRSystems 6500 instrument was derived at VSTE Jevíčko using the measurement of broad collection of Czech samples of winter rape, allowing sufficiently accurate prediction of content of dry matter (DM), crude protein (XP), crude fat (XL), glucosinolates (GSL), oleic and linoleic acids in an extremely short time. The prediction accuracy was verified on a validation file (n = 60). The coefficients of determinance (R2) were 0.83 for XP, 0.71 for XL, and 0.84 for GSL. The prediction accuracy according to the VSTE equation was compared to the prediction accuracy according to the VDLUFA calibration equation (Kassel, FRG) used in EU near infrared spectroscopy network. It was stated that the former was not distinctly worse. Non-destructive NIR-analysis of the whole seed also allows sowing selected seeds in the year of harvest and thus accelerates the breeding cycle. Keywords: winter oilseed rape, technological quality, NIRS, screening methods, rapeseed analysis Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 141-145 Volume: 49 Issue: 4 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.17221/4104-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4104-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200304-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:49:y:2003:i:4:id:4104-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Z. Muchová Author-Workplace-Name: Slovak Agricultural University in Nitra, Slovakia Title: Changes in technological quality of food wheat in a four crop rotation Abstract: The evaluation of technological characteristics of food wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), grown in a four crop rotation (corn, barley, pea, wheat) since 1994, is presented. Samples of grain, whole grain meals, and flours of the varieties Vlada and Samanta were analyzed. The samples originated from field trials at a research base nearNitra. All important methods of the assessment of the raw material technological quality (intended use for milling and baking) were applied. A total of 22 characteristics were evaluated (15 of them are shown in Table 1). The highest abundance of highly significant (significance levels being results of both parametric and nonparametric methods) changes (a £ 0.01) in quantity (grain and flour yield) and quality (gluten and its properties, water-binding capacity of flour, a-amylase activity) was observed between different years (7). The soil management methods (3; 2 + 1) had a significant (a £ 0.05) influence on the test weight (grain volume mass) and gluten content. In interaction with the year (as a factor), they significantly influenced gluten swelling number (Q-number) and highly significantly the activity of a-amylases. Highly significant differences were also found between varieties (2; 1/1), significant ones in interaction with soil management. Fertilization (3) and other interactions of factors were not statistically significant. Parameter means for factor levels (along with statistical significance of the influence of particular factors) and simple quality coefficients (used for the ranking of factor levels) are shown in Table 1. Keywords: four crop rotation, food wheat, annual trends, soil management, fertilization, quality Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 146-150 Volume: 49 Issue: 4 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.17221/4105-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4105-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200304-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:49:y:2003:i:4:id:4105-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: L. Luhová Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Czech Republic Author-Name: A. Lebeda Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Czech Republic Author-Name: D. Hedererová Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Peč Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Czech Republic Title: Activities of amine oxidase, peroxidase and catalase in seedlings of Pisum sativum L. under different light conditions Abstract: The activities of amine oxidase, peroxidase and catalase were studied in 12 cultivars of field pea (Pisum sativum L.) and one accession of wild pea (Pisum sativum subsp. transcaucasicum). The influence of different light conditions on the enzyme activities was studied in extracts of 8-d-old seedlings. Substantially higher amine oxidase activity was detected in etiolated pea seedlings than in plants growing under controlled light conditions (12h photoperiod). Higher peroxidase and catalase activities indicate more intensive production of toxic hydrogen peroxide evolved by reactions of different type in green plants in comparison with etiolated ones. Significantly lower activity of peroxidases in etiolated plants could be related to a lower degree of lignification. Marked differences in enzyme activities between etiolated field pea and P. sativum subsp. transcaucasicum were observed for all studied enzymes. A very interesting result was the exceptionally low activity of amine oxidase in etiolated plants that was hardly detectable in green plants of Malton cultivar. Two bands with amine oxidase activity were found by the method of native PAGE in extracts of 8-d-old plants. A different relationship of these isoenzymes was detected in field pea and wild pea. Two isoenzymes were present in pea shoots but only one isoenzyme was detected in pea roots. Amine oxidase isoenzymes were studied in the roots and shoots of cv. Smaragd for three weeks. The profile of isoenzymes was opposite in 8- and 36-d-old stems of pea. Keywords: amine oxidase, peroxidase, catalase, pea, isoenzymes, lignification Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 151-157 Volume: 49 Issue: 4 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.17221/4106-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4106-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200304-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:49:y:2003:i:4:id:4106-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: R.M. Ali Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Science, Fayoum, Cairo University, Egypt Author-Name: H.M. Abbas Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Science, Fayoum, Cairo University, Egypt Title: Response of salt stressed barley seedlings to phenylurea Abstract: The effect of phenylurea with reported cytokinin-like activities on seed germination, seedling growth, activities of antioxidant enzymes, polyphenol, peroxidase, indoleacetic acid oxidase, and total phenolic compounds, flavonoids was investigated in stressed barley seedlings. The application of phenylurea decreases the activity of peroxidase, indoleacetic acid oxidase and increases the activity of polyphenol oxidase with decrease in total phenolic compounds and flavonoids and consequent increase in growth rate. Saline (NaCl) stress in barley seedlings causes an increase in total phenolic compounds, flavonoids and enhancement of peroxidase and indoleacetic acid oxidase activities and consequent decrease in growth rate. The adverse effect of salt stress on germination, antioxidant enzymes, phenolic compounds, flavonoids can partially be rectified by phenylurea. Keywords: barley, phenylurea, salt stress, antioxidant enzymes, polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase, indoleacetic acid oxidase, phenolic compounds, flavonoids Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 158-162 Volume: 49 Issue: 4 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.17221/4107-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4107-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200304-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:49:y:2003:i:4:id:4107-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: F. Bavec Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maribor, Slovenia Author-Name: B. Čeh Brežnik Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maribor, Slovenia Author-Name: M. Brežnik Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maribor, Slovenia Title: Hop yield evaluation depending on experimental plot area under different nitrogen management Abstract: Numerous agricultural and associated ecological effects such as mineral nitrogen fertilising influence the yield of hop (Humulus lupulus L.) cones and its quality. Using a wide spacing of plants (in our case 2.6 × 0.8 m) we want to answer a hypothetical question about an appropriate number of test plants per plot vs. experimental plot area. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of different rates of mineral nitrogen, fertiliser combinations and their nitrogen split application on hop yield evaluated from different plot areas (micro trial: 30 plants per plot; macro trial: 320 plants per plot). Hop yield varied significantly between treatments, plot areas, years and interactions (year × treatment, plot area × treatment) (all at P £ 0.01). Cone yield in a micro trial was higher in all treatments in comparison with yield in a macro trial. In spite of common intensive fertilisation the appropriate fertilising combination and mineral N rate can influence the yield. Target nitrogen rate of160 kg mineral N/ha (at the level from 40.0 to62.5 kg nitrate N/ha in soil depth to0.3 m) and cheaper combination of calcium-ammonium nitrate (50 kg N/ha) at the beginning of vegetation plus urea (110 kg N/ha) for top dressing can be recommended. On plot areas of each size and each year all treatments showed similar trends of fertilising effect on yield. In spite of higher yield in the micro trial and lower coefficient of variation in comparison with the macro trial, the results proved that a risk of incorrect yield analysing in macro trials is very low for field experiments. Keywords: Humulus lupulus L., hop, nitrogen, experimental plot, yield Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 163-167 Volume: 49 Issue: 4 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.17221/4108-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4108-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200304-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:49:y:2003:i:4:id:4108-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Matoušek Author-Workplace-Name: AMPELOS, Breeding and Selection Station of Viticulture GmbH, Znojmo, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Orctová Author-Workplace-Name: AMPELOS, Breeding and Selection Station of Viticulture GmbH, Znojmo, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Patzak Author-Workplace-Name: AMPELOS, Breeding and Selection Station of Viticulture GmbH, Znojmo, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Svoboda Author-Workplace-Name: AMPELOS, Breeding and Selection Station of Viticulture GmbH, Znojmo, Czech Republic Author-Name: I. Ludvíková Author-Workplace-Name: AMPELOS, Breeding and Selection Station of Viticulture GmbH, Znojmo, Czech Republic Title: Molecular sampling of hop stunt viroid (HSVd) from grapevines in hop production areas in the Czech Republic and hop protection Abstract: Molecular sampling of HSVd in grapevines in the environs of hop gardens was performed. Specific RT PCR primers were designed to unambiguously distinguish between HLVd and HSVd infections. These primers were used for detection and analysis of HSVd cDNAs from individual samples by thermodynamic methods, TGGE and cDNA heteroduplex analysis. We found that at least 70% of grapevine samples from locations close to hop gardens inNorthern Bohemia(Žatec and Úštěk hop production areas) were infected with HSVd forming populations containing quasispecies. Particular sequence variants, dominant in grapevines from wine-growing areas like Znojmo, were also found in minor private vineyards. HSVd was experimentally transmissible (80% success) from these samples to Osvald's clone 72 of Czech hop, where according to the cDNA library screening, one of the dominant HSVdg variants corresponding to AC E01844 was detected in early populations three weeks p.i. HSVd was detected neither in reproduction materials nor in examined hop gardens. However a potential danger for hop cultivation, consisting in the high biological potential of HSVd spread is discussed. Keywords: viroid spreading, viroid quasispecies, RT PCR analysis, cDNA heteroduplexes, TGGE Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 168-175 Volume: 49 Issue: 4 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.17221/4109-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4109-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200304-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:49:y:2003:i:4:id:4109-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. Samal Author-Workplace-Name: Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India Author-Name: G.R. Rout Author-Workplace-Name: Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India Author-Name: P.C. Lenka Author-Workplace-Name: Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India Title: Analysis of genetic relationships between populations of cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) by using morphological characterisation and RAPD markers Abstract: In the present paper genetic relationships of twenty varieties of cashew are described on the basis of morphological characters and RAPD (Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA) markers. Results obtained for the phenotypic characters based on similarity coefficient were divided into four clusters with 70% similarity. By means of similarity coefficients (SG), cluster I was found to consist of twelve varieties. Cluster II consisted of a single variety, NRCC-1, cluster III consisted of six varieties and cluster IV had only one variety, Vridhachalam-2. The analysis started by using RAPD markers that allowed us to distinguish 20 varieties. A total of 80 distinct DNA fragments ranging from 0.2 to 3.0 kb were amplified by using 11 selected random 10-mer primers. Genetic similarity analysis was conducted for the presence or absence of bands in the RAPD profile. Cluster analysis clearly showed that 20 varieties of cashew grouped into two major clusters based on similarity indices. The first major cluster comprised one minor cluster. The other major cluster was divided into two sub-minor clusters, one sub-minor cluster having three varieties and the other sub-minor cluster was represented by 15 varieties. Among the 20 varieties, Ullal-3 and Dhana (H-1608) showed the highest similarity indices (87%). It was noted that Vengurla-2 and Vengurla-3 were not grouped into a single cluster but Vengurla-4 has 82% similarity to Vengurla-3. The variety Vengurla-2 has very close similarity (85%) with variety Vridhachalam-3 (M-26/2). The analysis of genetic relationships in cashew using morphological traits and RAPD banding data can be useful for plant improvement, descriptions of new varieties and also for assessment of variety purity in plant certification programmes. Keywords: Anacardium occidentale, genetic similarity, morphological character, RAPD marker Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 176-182 Volume: 49 Issue: 4 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.17221/4110-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4110-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200304-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:49:y:2003:i:4:id:4110-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: E. Štefanić Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, J.J. Strossmayer University, Osijek, Croatia Author-Name: I. Štefanić Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, J.J. Strossmayer University, Osijek, Croatia Author-Name: A.J. Murdoch Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, J.J. Strossmayer University, Osijek, Croatia Title: Economic analysis of integrated weed management in field bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Abstract: Field experiments were conducted in field bean in the north-eastern part of theRepublicofCroatiato compare weed control and crop response under different management practices within the critical period of field bean production. The practices consisted in broadcast application of labelled rate of preemergence herbicide (pre) and postemergence herbicide application: (post) broadcast, band application over the rows, and band application combined with mechanical cultivation using of different herbicide doses recommended by the manufacturer (2×, 1×, 1/2×, 1/4×, 1/8×). In 1999, weed control with pre application of pendimethalin was superior to post bentazone application due to late emergence of weeds and lack of residual herbicide control. In 2000 bentazone combined with cycloxydim controlled weeds in field bean better than pre herbicide application. Based on the results of this research, single pre or post application of herbicide did not control a broad spectrum of weeds and did not provide the commercially acceptable full season control. Reduced rates of herbicide are not advisable under high weed pressure. Keywords: field bean, integrated weed management, reduced rate technology, economic analysis Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 183-189 Volume: 49 Issue: 4 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.17221/4111-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4111-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200304-0008.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:49:y:2003:i:4:id:4111-PSE