Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Vysloužilová Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Tlustoš Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Száková Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: D. Pavlíková Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Title: As, Cd, Pb and Zn uptake by Salix spp. clones grown in soils enriched by high loads of these elements Abstract: As, Cd, Pb and Zn accumulation in the aboveground biomass of seven clones of Salix spp. and changes in element uptake by plants after element addition to soil were studied in a pot experiment. Unpolluted Chernozem (Suchdol) as a control and soils with addition of As (100 mg/kg), Cd (40 mg/kg) and either Pb (2000 mg/kg) (Suchdol-Pb) or Zn (2000 mg/kg) (Suchdol-Zn) were used for the experiment. Significant differences were found in the accumulation of elements between willow clones and also between different element additions to the soil. Although As and Cd uptake slightly increased in Suchdol-Zn soil compared to Suchdol-Pb soil, the element removal from soil was significantly higher in Suchdol-Pb soil due to a significant reduction of aboveground biomass yield in Suchdol-Zn soil caused by Zn phytotoxicity. The yield reduction decreased the uptake of plant-available elements by biomass, thus higher plant-available portions of As and Cd were found in Suchdol-Zn soil. Element removal from soil was more dependent on element contents in willow tissues in Suchdol-Pb soil than in Suchdol-Zn soil, where willow plants exhibited physiological symptoms of phytotoxicity. Keywords: soil, arsenic, cadmium, lead, zinc, Salix spp., element removal, phytotoxicity Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 191-196 Volume: 49 Issue: 5 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.17221/4112-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4112-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200305-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:49:y:2003:i:5:id:4112-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: V. Vaněk Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Šilha Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: R. Němeček Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Title: The level of soil nitrate content at different management of organic fertilizers application Abstract: Changes in N-NO3- content and N-NO3- increase after incubation were studied in 1992-1998 in soils of two farms situated in identical soil and climatic conditions (in spring and autumn seasons). The two farms produce sugar beet and grain crops, but since 1991 they have used different types of organic fertilizers. Farmyard manure has regularly been applied to root crops on Dobrá Voda farm; since Chvalina farm does not have animal production, green manure and plowing-in of beet tops and straw are used for organic fertilization. Soils with regular applications of farmyard manure show a trend of lower N-NO3- content than the soils of the farm without animal production. At Dobrá Voda N-NO3- content was about 12 ppm N in spring and 9 ppm N in the autumn season while the respective values for Chvalina were 14 and 10 ppm N. On the hand, N-NO3- increase after soil incubation (12-14 ppm N) was higher in Dobrá Voda soils than in soils from Chvalina farm (5-8 ppm N). Keywords: organic fertilizers, N-NO3- content in soil, N-NO3- increase after incubation Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 197-202 Volume: 49 Issue: 5 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.17221/4113-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4113-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200305-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:49:y:2003:i:5:id:4113-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Dvořák Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Tlustoš Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Száková Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Černý Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Balík Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Title: Distribution of soil fractions of zinc and its uptake by potatoes, maize, wheat and barley after soil amendment by sludge and inorganic Zn salt Abstract: Zinc distribution in the main soil fractions and zinc accumulation in potatoes, maize, wheat and barley after different soil treatments (basic sludge rate, triple sludge rate, NPK, NPK + inorganic Zn) were investigated in a field experiment conducted at five localities of the Czech Republic (Červený Újezd, Hněvčeves, Humpolec, Lukavec, Suchdol) with different soil and climatic conditions. Three soil types were investigated in the experiment: clay-loamy Chernozems, loamy Luvisols, clay-loamy Luvisols and two loamy Cambisols. Sequential analyses provided an overview of soil Zn distribution in the following fractions: exchangeable, Fe-Mn oxide, organic and residual ones. The sludge and inorganic Zn addition supported Zn mobility growth and higher Zn retention in Fe-Mn oxides in all tested soils. The influence of the above-mentioned treatments on higher Zn association with soil organic compounds was not explicitly found. Potatoes, wheat and barley accumulated more Zn after its addition into the soils by sludge and inorganic salt. By contrast, Zn content in maize decreased with higher input of Zn into the soil. The highest Zn concentrations were usually observed in plants grown on both Cambisols. Keywords: soil, zinc, sewage sludge, sequential extraction, uptake, potatoes, maize, wheat, barley, field experiment Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 203-212 Volume: 49 Issue: 5 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.17221/4114-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4114-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200305-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:49:y:2003:i:5:id:4114-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. Podlaski Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agronomy, Warsaw Agricultural University, Warsaw, Poland Author-Name: Z. Chrobak Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agronomy, Warsaw Agricultural University, Warsaw, Poland Author-Name: Z. Wyszkowska Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agronomy, Warsaw Agricultural University, Warsaw, Poland Title: Effect of parsley seed treatment on root yield Abstract: As parsley seed vigour is known to be low, a 3-year field study was conducted to examine the effectiveness of seed priming and pelleting. Hardening and solid matrix priming (SMP) were applied to two varieties (Cukrowa and Berlińska). Both methods of seed pre-sowing treatment increased the percentage, speed and synchrony of seedling emergence. Due to seed pre-treatment the original root yield of cv. Cukrowa increased by 6.45 to 7.09 t/ha and that of cv. Berlińska by 2.44 to 5.48 t/ha, depending on the priming technique. Pelleting of primed seeds negatively affected seed vigour as compared to the primed non-pelleted seeds. Keywords: parsley seed, pelleting, priming, emergence, root yield Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 213-217 Volume: 49 Issue: 5 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.17221/4115-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4115-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200305-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:49:y:2003:i:5:id:4115-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Ćustić Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agriculture, Zagreb, Croatia Author-Name: M. Poljak Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agriculture, Zagreb, Croatia Author-Name: L. Čoga Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agriculture, Zagreb, Croatia Author-Name: T. Ćosić Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agriculture, Zagreb, Croatia Author-Name: N. Toth Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agriculture, Zagreb, Croatia Author-Name: M. Pecina Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agriculture, Zagreb, Croatia Title: The influence of organic and mineral fertilization on nutrient status, nitrate accumulation, and yield of head chicory Abstract: The influence of different fertilizer forms and rates on nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents, nitrate accumulation and yield in red head chicory (Cichorium intybus var. foliosum L.) was investigated. Field fertilization trials were set up at two localities inNorthwest Croatia in 1999 and 2000. Trials were laid out according to the Latin square scheme in five fertilization treatments: manure 5 kg/m2, three rates of complex mineral fertilizer NPK (5:20:30) - 50, 100 and 150 g/m2, and an unfertilized control variant. The results of investigations indicate that there were no significant differences between treatments in the plant nitrogen and phosphorus contents. Significant fluctuations of the chicory potassium content (3.27-4.75% K) depending on the fertilization variant were recorded only in 1999 while in 2000 all values (4.13-5.12% K) were uniform. Plant nitrate levels were influenced by weather conditions more significantly than by the form and rates of fertilizers. All the recorded values are within the limits tolerated for leafy vegetables. Comparing the trial years, yields were generally higher in 1999 (1.58-4.95 kg/m2) than in 2000 (0.40-2.70 kg/m2). No significant differences in yield were recorded between the application of stable manure and the lowest mineral fertilizer rate. Keywords: organic and mineral fertilization, N, P, K, nitrate contents in plants, yield, head chicory Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 218-222 Volume: 49 Issue: 5 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.17221/4116-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4116-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200305-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:49:y:2003:i:5:id:4116-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Knežević Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, J.J. Strossmayer University, Osijek, Croatia Author-Name: M. Đurkić Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, J.J. Strossmayer University, Osijek, Croatia Author-Name: I. Knežević Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, J.J. Strossmayer University, Osijek, Croatia Author-Name: Z. Lončarić Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, J.J. Strossmayer University, Osijek, Croatia Title: Effects of pre- and post-emergence weed control on weed population and maize yield in different tillage systems Abstract: The effect of chemical weed control with reduced herbicide rates (pre-em., pre-em. + post-em., post-em.) on weed population density and maize yield was compared in three tillage systems (mouldboard, chisel, disk harrowing) for lessive pseudogleyic soil in north-eastern Croatia(1997-1999). These main weeds were present in all tillage variants: Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) PB., Chenopodium album L., Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., Polygonum lapathifolium L., Equisetum arvense L. and Calystegia sepium (L.) R.Br. The density of all weeds was significantly affected by tillage and it ranged from 204 plants on untreated plots with mouldboard to 372 and 421 plants per m2 with chisel ploughing and disk harrowing, respectively. In comparison with standard tank-mixture of atrazine herbicide (metolachlor 50% & atrazine 20%) at the recommended rate, atrazine-free herbicide combinations (metolachlor + 50% prosulfuron & 30% primisulfuron-methyl; sulcotrione + bromoxynil; thifensulfuron-methyl + nicosulfuron) showed a similar total efficacy of weed control (95-96%). Band spraying with standard treatment at a half-recommended rate combined with mechanical weed control brought a satisfactory total weed reduction (83-87%). The weed control methods had no effects on maize yields that were significantly affected by year and tillage. Compared to the highest yield with mouldboard ploughing (10.2 t/ha), average percent yield depressions with chisel ploughing and disk harrowing were 10 and 22%, respectively. Keywords: atrazine, metolachlor, sulfonylureas, sulcotrione, bromoxynil, tillage, weed density, weed control, maize yield Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 223-229 Volume: 49 Issue: 5 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.17221/4117-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4117-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200305-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:49:y:2003:i:5:id:4117-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Bárta Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in Èeské Budìjovice, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Čurn Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in Èeské Budìjovice, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Diviš Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in Èeské Budìjovice, Czech Republic Title: Study of biochemical variability of potato cultivars by soluble protein, isoesterase, and isoperoxidase electrophoretic patterns Abstract: Biochemical variability between thirteen European and five Czech potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars grown in theCzechRepublic was studied by soluble protein, isoesterase, and isoperoxidase electrophoretic patterns. It was confirmed that cultivar differences in protein polymorphism can be revealed by applied electrophoretic patterns. It was shown that the different character of protein and isozyme profiles required different approaches to their evaluation. For complex patterns such as electrophoretic soluble protein spectra, it is more convenient to use the evaluation of their absorbance profiles and for simpler profiles of isozymes the evaluation based on the presence or absence of a band in a definite position (simple matching) should be used. In spite of the complexity of tetraploid disposition of analysed cultivars, the results suggested higher similarity of profiles between relative cultivars and they also indicated the existence of higher similarity between cultivars from the same breeding firm. Keywords: potatoes, cultivars, electrophoresis, proteins, isoesterases, isoperoxidases Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 230-236 Volume: 49 Issue: 5 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.17221/4118-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4118-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200305-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:49:y:2003:i:5:id:4118-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: K. Zarzecka Author-Workplace-Name: University of Podlasie, Siedlce, Poland Author-Name: M. Gugała Author-Workplace-Name: University of Podlasie, Siedlce, Poland Title: The effect of herbicide applications on the content of ascorbic acid and glycoalkaloids in potato tubers Abstract: Field experiments were conducted at Zawady Experimental Station (UniversityofPodlasie) in 1999-2001 to test the effect of herbicides (Sencor 70 WG, Basagran 600 SL) and their mixtures (Sencor 70 WG with Fusilade Super, Basagran 600 SL with Focus Ultra) on the content of ascorbic acid and glycoalkaloids in tubers of three potato cultivars. The application of herbicides to potato fields caused an increase in the content of ascorbic acid in comparison with the control. The statistical analysis showed a significant effect of potato cultivars on ascorbic acid and glycoalkaloid concentrations. Keywords: potato, herbicides, varieties, ascorbic acid, glycoalkaloids Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 237-240 Volume: 49 Issue: 5 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.17221/4119-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4119-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200305-0008.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:49:y:2003:i:5:id:4119-PSE