Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Němeček Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Kozák Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Title: Approaches to the solution of a soil map of the Czech Republic at the scale 1:250 000 using SOTER methodology Abstract: Soil map at the scale 1:250 000 was set up by means of transformation of the published and later digitised soil map of theCzechRepublic. The legend to this map reflects a new classification system of Czech soils that can easily be correlated with the reference international classification system FAO-WRB. In the next step this map was converted into the SOTER system, which links the soil cover to the geomorphology. The modification of the original SOTER procedure consisted in the abandoning of the consequent hierarchy geomorphology - lithology - soil associations. Only in territories characterised by rather shallow transported slope deposits over compact or consolidated rocks was this principle observed in the SOTER unit delimitation. In flat landscapes covered with deep sediment deposits the prevailing soil cover (mosaics of taxonomic units and their parent materials) determines the borders of SOTER units. Ten major landscape units were delineated. They are based on relief intensity and hypsometry. The slope gradient map enables a detailed insight into the landscape geomorphology. 158 SOTER units are defined by the combination of 10 major landscape units, 21 grouped soil parent materials and 19 grouped soil units. The single factors and their combinations are reflected in GIS layers that can be matched with the map of soil associations. The major soil regions, which are conceptually close to the SOTER units, will be delimited as homogeneous mosaics of the individual SOTER units with respect to regionally integrating factors (climate, vegetation). The interconnection of the geometric and attribute data generates the soil information system. This system is anticipated to be used for the soil policy regulation both in the Czech Republic (PUGIS) and within the EU (EUSIS). Keywords: soil map 1:250 000, SOTER system, SOTER units, soil GIS Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 291-297 Volume: 49 Issue: 7 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.17221/4127-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4127-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200307-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:49:y:2003:i:7:id:4127-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. Matula Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Title: The influence of tillage treatments on water infiltration into soil profile Abstract: Water infiltration into the soil profile and runoff losses in arable lands are related to the condition of the top layer. The tillage treatment (included no-till) of the top layer plays a key role in changes of the hydro-physical properties, mainly saturated hydraulic conductivity (K) of the treated layer. This paper is focused on the influence of repeated tillage treatments in the same locality on K in a relatively homogeneous soil profile. The field experimental work was conducted in 1997 and repeated in 2000 after three years of repeated treatments in an experimental field of the Research Institute of Plant Production, Prague on Hapludalfs (US Classification)/Orthic luvisol (FAO). The whole experimental site was divided into four tillage treatment areas (TTA) that were maintained using different tillage treatments. A pressure ring infiltrometer (Matula and Kozáková 1997), mounted on the top of a single iron infiltration ring was used to run infiltration tests. The infiltration during the steady state flow (for a long time) was measured, evaluated and K values were calculated. Matula (2002) summarised the theoretical background for the pressure ring infiltrometer and described the final equations for evaluation of the infiltration test results. The conventional ploughing did not give any significant changes in K values after three years. Reduced till treatment and no-till treatment show a significant decrease in the infiltration rate v(t) after three years. The K value decreased approximately three times for reduced till and six times for no-till treatment. The decrease on this type of soil can cause several negative results from the aspect of surface soil hydrology and agriculture (surface runoff increase, water storage decrease, yield decrease, increase in soil compaction of surface layer, soil erosion increase). Keywords: saturated hydraulic conductivity K, tillage treatments, pressure infiltrometer, infiltration test, transect Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 298-306 Volume: 49 Issue: 7 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.17221/4128-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4128-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200307-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:49:y:2003:i:7:id:4128-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: R. Vácha Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: O. Poláček Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Horváthová Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Prague, Czech Republic Title: State of contamination of agricultural soils after floods in August 2002 Abstract: Sixteen soil samples from agriculturally used soils flooded in August 2002 were taken because new information about the state of soil contamination was required. The area in the Vltava river basin from Pragueto Mělník and in the Laberiver basin from Neratovice to Děčín was investigated. The samples were taken in September 2002 and analysed for the contents of potentially risky elements and persistent organic pollutants, including persistent dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans. The results were compared with the data from the project Labe 1992. The findings show a low soil load of potentially risky elements and a slight reduction of their contents in soil in comparison with the state in 1992 (except for vanadium). The same situation was observed in the case of persistent organic pollutants. Only the content of DDT was increased in the soils of most localities after floods in August 2002. This finding needs further observations on a larger collection of samples. The dreads resulting from expected soil contamination by dibenzodioxins from Spolana Neratovice factory were not confirmed and their contents in the soils of observed localities meet the requirements for plant production without any reduction. Keywords: floods, potentially risky elements, persistent organic pollutants, dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 307-313 Volume: 49 Issue: 7 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.17221/4129-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4129-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200307-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:49:y:2003:i:7:id:4129-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: F. Burger Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Hydrology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia Author-Name: A. Čelková Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Hydrology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia Title: Salinity and sodicity hazard in water flow processes in the soil Abstract: This paper presents the results of the distribution of salinity characteristics (electrical conductivity and sodium adsorption ratio) of groundwater, and based on the results, it reports the evaluation of the salinity and sodicity hazards in the fluctuation processes of shallow mineralised groundwater, or in the processes if such groundwater is used for irrigation. The issue was studied for the soil-water environment in the south-east of the Danube Lowlands for the period 1991 to 1994. The measured data and data taken from archives were processed in the form of graphical attachments (appendixes, supplements, graphical documentation) - maps, by means of the kriging interpolation method. Groundwater in the area in question is classified as highly mineralised with a high hazard of salinisation of the subsurface soil environment. The average annual values of the electrical conductivity of groundwater ranged from 600 to 2100 µS/cm in the examined period. The sodium adsorption ratio values ranged from 1.7 to 22.0 and indicate low, medium to high sodium salinisation of the environment due to groundwater. The distribution of electrical conductivity and sodium adsorption ratio on the regional scale can serve as a reference basis for the evaluation of changes in the groundwater salinity after 1994. Keywords: groundwater, electrical conductivity, sodium adsorption ratio, salinity hazard, sodicity hazard, Danube Lowlands Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 314-320 Volume: 49 Issue: 7 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.17221/4130-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4130-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200307-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:49:y:2003:i:7:id:4130-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Šmejkalová Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Czech Republic Author-Name: O. Mikanová Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Borůvka Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Czech Republic Title: Effects of heavy metal concentrations on biological activity of soil micro-organisms Abstract: The distribution of cadmium, lead and zinc in exchangeable, organic, and 2M HNO3-extractable fractions as well as the effect of heavy metal concentrations on soil microflora was investigated. Six sampling transects were chosen in theLitavkaRiveralluvium in 1999-2001. Concentrations of all metals increased with decreasing distance from the source of contamination. The concentrations of Cd and Zn in exchangeable fraction were higher than in organically bound fraction, a reverse trend was found in Pb speciation. All measured parameters of soil microbial activity were affected by heavy metal concentrations. The decrease in CFU was most significant in the case of oligotrophic bacteria and spore-forming bacteria. Significant inhibition of C-biomass occurred in soils highly contaminated by heavy metals. The Cbiomass:Cox ratio decreased with increasing soil pollution. Generally, the values of enzymatic activities were highest in the soil above the source of contamination and they were decreased as approaching the source of contamination. Our results demonstrate that several parameters of microbial activity could be used as good indicators of increasing concentrations of Cd, Pb, and Zn in soil. Keywords: heavy metals, soil microflora, microbial and enzymatic activities, CFU Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 321-326 Volume: 49 Issue: 7 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.17221/4131-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4131-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200307-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:49:y:2003:i:7:id:4131-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: L. Tamás Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Science, Bratislava, Slovakia Author-Name: M. Šimonovičová Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Science, Bratislava, Slovakia Author-Name: J. Huttová Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Science, Bratislava, Slovakia Author-Name: I. Mistrík Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Science, Bratislava, Slovakia Title: Changes in the composition of cell wall proteins in barley roots during germination and growth in aluminium presence Abstract: Root growth inhibition and loss of cell viability in barley root cells were induced by Al during germination of barley caryopses on filter paper moistened with 2mM AlCl3. The inhibition of root growth as well as loss of cell viability started on the third day of germination. This time was also needed for induction of Al-induced changes in the composition of cell wall proteins. The accumulation of three salt-extractable polypeptides with relative molecular mass 14, 27, and 29 kDa started 72 h after the beginning of germination of barley caryopses on Al containing filter paper. However, the inhibition of developmentally regulated deposition of three (18, 23 and 28 kDa) salt-extractable CW polypeptides was observed at the same time. The pattern of detergent-extractable CW proteins was not influenced by Al regardless of the duration of Al treatment. Keywords: spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), aluminium stress, cell viability, cell wall proteins, root growth, SDS-PAGE Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 327-331 Volume: 49 Issue: 7 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.17221/4132-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4132-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200307-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:49:y:2003:i:7:id:4132-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Marić Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Croatia Author-Name: M. Firšt-Bača Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Croatia Title: Sensory evaluation and some acetate esters of bottle aged Chardonnay wines Abstract: A five-year study was conducted to study the correlations between chemical analyses and sensory properties of wine during bottle aging. Chardonnay grapes were harvested as a normal and late harvest. After separate vinification, bottles were put in an underground cellar at12°Cand 75% of humidity. Chemical and sensory analyses were carried out after bottling (0), after 12, 24 and 36 months of bottle aging. The results of chemical and sensory evaluation show a strong correlation between a young wine bouquet and decrease in the concentration of isoamyl and 2-phenethyl acetates, and between an increase in diethyl succinate and bottle bouquet. Keywords: esters, sensory analysis, bottle aging, white wine, Chardonnay Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 332-336 Volume: 49 Issue: 7 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.17221/4133-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4133-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200307-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:49:y:2003:i:7:id:4133-PSE