Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: I. Danielovič Author-Workplace-Name: Regional Research Institute of Agroecology, Michalovce, Slovakia Author-Name: Š. Tóth Author-Workplace-Name: Regional Research Institute of Agroecology, Michalovce, Slovakia Author-Name: A. Marcinčinová Author-Workplace-Name: Regional Research Institute of Agroecology, Michalovce, Slovakia Author-Name: V. Šnábel Author-Workplace-Name: Regional Research Institute of Agroecology, Michalovce, Slovakia Title: Content of PCB substances in carrot root and its relations to selected soil factors Abstract: The influence of the content of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) in agricultural soil and its agrochemical properties on bioaccumulation of PCBs by edible part of carrot (Daucus carota L.) was monitored in 18 locations of the Eastern Slovakian lowland (ESL). The congeners Nos. 28, 52, 101, 138, 153 and 180 have been determined in almost all samples and in both soil and plant material. Soil PCB values varied between 0.16 µg/kg, detected in the congener 52, and 53.4 µg/kg for the congener 180. The average value of the sum of all the followed congeners was 17.9 µg/kg. The variation interval of investigated PCB congeners in carrot root ranged from the level below the detection limit of the analytical method until the maximum of 10.6 µg/kg, for the congener 153. Average amounts of PCBs significantly differed among individual congeners. The average value of the sum of all the followed congeners in carrot root was 5.39 µg/kg. Statistical evaluation of relationships between the concentrations of congeners in carrot root and in soil predominantly showed highly significant dependences. Interestingly, the contents of individual congeners in carrot root were more tightly correlated to the contents of the remaining congeners in the root than to the amount of the analogous congener in the soil. This suggested a possible synergistic effect of PCBs regarding their uptake by the plant. The increasing concentration of inorganic nitrogen in soil leads to an increase of the content of lightly chlorinated congeners in carrot root. Concentrations of lightly chlorinated congeners 28 and 52 were more significantly affected by followed chemical parameters than were concentrations of highly chlorinated congeners. Among the chemical parameters studied [available phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) in the soil] only P and K gave statistically significant relationships. Changes in the potassium content were responsible for 7.8% variability in the amount of the congener 28. Similarly, Mg induced 7.6% of alterations in the quantity of the congener 180. Our results suggest that importance of both Ca and Mg concentrations in soil regarding the PCBs uptake were less as compared to the concentration of nitrogen. Statistically significant influence of the humus content in soil varying in range between 0.70 and 8.28% as well as the soil acidity (pH = 4.9-7.3) on the content of some of the investigated congeners in carrot root were not estimated. Keywords: polychlorinated biphenyls, carrot, soil, soil properties, monitoring Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 387-393 Volume: 49 Issue: 9 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.17221/4141-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4141-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200309-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:49:y:2003:i:9:id:4141-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: D. Petosić Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University in Zagreb, Croatia Author-Name: V. Kovacević Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University in Zagreb, Croatia Author-Name: M. Josipović Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University in Zagreb, Croatia Title: Phosphorus availability in hydromorphic soils of Eastern Croatia Abstract: The phosphorus (P) availability was tested on hydromorphic soils located in theSavavalley. 480 soil profiles covering the area of31 227 hawas analysed in our study. The plant available P was determined by the Ammonium-Lactate method. The P availability in the surface layer (0-30 cm) is very low (up to 5 mg P2O5/100 g of soil) in about 30% of the tested agricultural land (9 440 ha), next 32% (9 897 ha) is in the range of a low P availability (from 5.1 to 10 mg), while only 17% (5 445 ha) has a good or very good P availability (above 20 mg). Especially high frequency of low P availability was found in vertic gley, amphygley and hypogley soils (total8 680 haor 28% of tested agricultural land). Keywords: phosphorus availability, soil test, hydromorphic soil, Eastern Croatia, ameliorative fertilization, field experiments Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 394-401 Volume: 49 Issue: 9 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.17221/4143-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4143-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200309-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:49:y:2003:i:9:id:4143-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: K. Gondek Author-Workplace-Name: H. Kołłątaj Agricultural University of Cracow, Poland Author-Name: B. Filipek-Mazur Author-Workplace-Name: H. Kołłątaj Agricultural University of Cracow, Poland Title: Biomass yields of shoots and roots of plants cultivated in soil amended by vermicomposts based on tannery sludge and content of heavy metals in plant tissues Abstract: Sewage sludge application in agriculture is the simplest method of its management. Its content of organic and inorganic toxic components is a barrier to such management. Particular attention should be paid to the content of heavy metals whose presence in sewage sludge and later in soil poses hazard for plants, animals and people. The investigations aimed to determine the effect of vermicomposts obtained from tannery sludge on development of the root system and biomass of shoots as well as heavy metal concentrations in these organs. In the first year after the vermicomposts application their effect on the maize biomass increase was equal to the farmyard manure treatment but significantly worse than the mineral fertilization. The consecutive fertilizer effect of vermicomposts of tannery sludge ted on the increase in biomass of the shoots and roots of winter rape, sunflower and oats was comparable with the farmyard manure effect but notably better than the mineral fertilization. Heavy metal concentrations in individual plants were diversified; in the plants from vermicompost treatment they were as a rule lower than in the plants from mineral or farmyard manure treatment. Absorbed heavy metals accumulated primarily in the root systems, whereas the extremely high chromium content in vermicomposts did not cause its excessive accumulation in the cultivated plants. Keywords: vermicompost, heavy metal, Eisenia fetida, yield, tolerance indices, contamination indices Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 402-409 Volume: 49 Issue: 9 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.17221/4144-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4144-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200309-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:49:y:2003:i:9:id:4144-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Kalinová Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Moudrý Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Czech Republic Title: Evaluation of frost resistance in varieties of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the most sensitive growth stage of common buckwheat to frost temperatures and evaluate differences in frost resistance among varieties. A modified field-laboratory method was utilised for the study on four varieties of common buckwheat. The lethal temperature (LT50) was determined for all variants. The critical time of frost action (Lt50) was determined for the lethal temperature and for the most sensitive growth stage. Buckwheat is most sensitive to frost temperature from the stage of primary leaves to the stage of two secondary leaves. Differences among the growth stages developed with plant hardening during the growth. The lethal temperature of buckwheat was in the range -1.3 to -2.9°C depending on the stage of development and growing conditions. The critical time of frost action (temperature -2°C) was in the range 4.3 to 5.9 hours. Varieties Pyra and Emka were most resistant from chosen varieties. Keywords: common buckwheat, frost resistance, variety Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 410-413 Volume: 49 Issue: 9 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.17221/4145-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4145-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200309-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:49:y:2003:i:9:id:4145-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Knežević Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, J.J. Strossmayer University in Osijek, Croatia Author-Name: M. Đurkić Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, J.J. Strossmayer University in Osijek, Croatia Author-Name: I. Knežević Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, J.J. Strossmayer University in Osijek, Croatia Author-Name: O. Antonić Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, J.J. Strossmayer University in Osijek, Croatia Author-Name: S. Jelaska Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, J.J. Strossmayer University in Osijek, Croatia Title: Effects of tillage and reduced herbicide doses on weed biomass production in winter and spring cereals Abstract: The effects of different tillage systems and dose reduction on the efficacy of triasulfuron & chlortoluron mixture in the post-emergence control of annual broad-leaved weeds in winter wheat and spring barley were studied on lessive pseudogley soil in north-eastern Croatiaduring 1997-2000. Total dry biomass production in untreated plots was significantly influenced by tillage and it was lowest in continuous mouldboard ploughing (99 kg/ha), medium and similar in mouldboard ploughing/disk harrowing alternating every second year and in chisel ploughing (218 kg/ha) whereas the biomass was highest in continuous disk harrowing (422 kg/ha). Thereby the proportion of annual broad-leaved weed biomass was 70, 63, and 28%, respectively. Chenopodium album L., Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., Ch. polyspermum L. and Polygonum aviculare L. are the most abundant annual weed species in all tillage treatments. One half and one quarter of the recommended rate decreased the control efficacy of total weed biomass by 12 and 19%, respectively in wheat and by 6 and 15%, respectively in barley compared to the highest dose but they still provided a very good biomass control of main annual weeds (94-96 percentage units). The efficacy of reduced herbicide doses in the control of annual broad-leaved weeds did not vary significantly between tillage treatments and growing seasons. Significant interaction with continuous disk harrowing tillage and one-quarter herbicide dose was detected in the last year of wheat trial when perennial weeds increased their biomass proportion 8 times compared to four years before. Keywords: winter wheat, spring barley, soil tillage, herbicide doses, weed dry biomass, weed control efficacy Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 414-421 Volume: 49 Issue: 9 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.17221/4146-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4146-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200309-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:49:y:2003:i:9:id:4146-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: H. Ozer Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey Title: The effect of plant population densities on growth, yield and yield components of two spring rapeseed cultivars Abstract: Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is an important alternate oilseed crop in eastern Anatolia, Turkey. No information on plant density for rapeseed is available in this region. Therefore a study was initiated to investigate the effects of spacings between rows and spacings within rows on the yield and agronomic characteristics of two genotypes of spring rapeseed (Tower and Lirawell) in Erzurum, eastern Anatolia, during 1994 and 1995. The effects of spacings between or within rows on the yield and yield components of Tower and Lirawell, two cultivars of Brassica napus L., were studied for 2 years inErzurum,Turkey. Rows were spaced at 15, 30 and45 cm. Spacings within rows were 5, 10 and15 cm. The results of this study suggested that seed yield was significantly affected by spacings between rows but not by spacings within rows, and that rape yields were higher at the narrow (15 cm) row spacing compared to the middle (30 cm) and wider (45 cm) spacings. Keywords: rapeseed, Brassica napus L., plant density, row spacing, seed yield Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 422-426 Volume: 49 Issue: 9 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.17221/4151-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4151-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200309-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:49:y:2003:i:9:id:4151-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Vejl Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: S. Skupinová Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Blažek Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Sedlák Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Bardová Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: H. Drahošová Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: H. Blažková Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Z. Milec Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Title: PCR markers of apple resistance to scab (Venturia inaequalis CKE.) controlled by Vf gene in Czech apple breeding Keywords: apple trees, Malus × domestica, Malus floribunda, apple scab, Venturia inaequalis, resistance, Vf gene, DNA, PCR Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 427-432 Volume: 49 Issue: 9 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.17221/4147-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4147-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200309-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:49:y:2003:i:9:id:4147-PSE