Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: editors Title: Index of Volume 49 Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: I-VII Volume: 49 Issue: 12 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.17221/4196-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4196-PSE.html File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:49:y:2003:i:12:id:4196-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: H.W. Scherer Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Faculty of the University of Bonn, Germany Author-Name: H.E. Goldbach Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Faculty of the University of Bonn, Germany Author-Name: J. Clemens Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Faculty of the University of Bonn, Germany Title: Potassium dynamics in the soil and yield formation in a long-term field experiment Abstract: The influence of an interrupted K fertilisation on different K fractions of the soil, yield formation and K uptake by different crops was investigated in a long-term field experiment on Luvisol derived from loess. Irrespective of the previous K fertilisation, the interruption of K fertilisation resulted in a sharp decline of CAL extractable K. K concentration in the saturation extract as well as HCl extractable K were reduced while K fixation capacity increased within 10 years after omitting K. Omitting K fertilisation decreased yields of sugar beet and potatoes while cereals were not affected, although K uptake of all crops reacted to the differentiated K supply to a different extent. Keywords: potassium, fertilisation, availability, yield formation, potatoes, sugar beet, winter wheat Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 531-535 Volume: 49 Issue: 12 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.17221/4189-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4189-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200312-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:49:y:2003:i:12:id:4189-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: G. Mühlbachová Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: T. Šimon Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Title: Effects of zeolite amendment on microbial biomass and respiratory activity in heavy metal contaminated soils Abstract: A laboratory incubation experiment with zeolite and glucose was performed to evaluate the effects of zeolite amendment in heavy metal contaminated soils from two smelter areas on some microbial characteristics [Kremikovtzi (K1, K2) in Bulgariaand Příbram (P1, P2) in the CzechRepublic]. The content of microbial biomass showed a tendency to decrease in Kremikovtzi soils whereas in Příbram soils no significant effects were found after zeolite amendment. Respiratory activity and metabolic quotient (qCO2) decreased on the second and third day in Kremikovtzi soils amended with zeolite, no effects were observed in Příbram soils. Heavy metals decreased the content of microbial biomass in Kremikovtzi soils whereas the contaminated soil from Příbram area had the highest microbial biomass compared to non-contaminated soil during incubation, probably due to lower mineralization of carbon. The respiratory activity did not show any significant effects of zeolites on the evolution of CO2 and qCO2 in heavy metal contaminated Příbram soil. The respiratory activity in non-contaminated Příbram soil remained during the experiment lower in comparison to contaminated one, however the addition of zeolite increased qCO2. Keywords: incubation experiment, heavy metal contaminated soils, zeolite amendment, microbial characteristics Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 536-541 Volume: 49 Issue: 12 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.17221/4190-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4190-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200312-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:49:y:2003:i:12:id:4190-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Vysloužilová Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Tlustoš Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Száková Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Title: Cadmium and zinc phytoextraction potential of seven clones of Salix spp. planted on heavy metal contaminated soils Abstract: The Cd and Zn accumulation and phytoextraction potential of seven willow clones was investigated in a pot experiment for two vegetation periods. Heavily polluted Fluvisol-Litavka, moderately contaminated Cambisol-Pribram, and unpolluted control Chernozem-Suchdol were used. Significant differences were found in Cd and Zn accumulation between the willow clones. Cd and Zn were transferred from roots to aboveground tissues and all tested clones confirmed higher Cd and Zn accumulation in leaves than in twigs. Cd and Zn amounts removed by willow leaves were the highest from the most polluted soil (up to 83% Cd and 71% Zn of total removal). Therefore the harvest of leaves is necessary if willows are planted for heavy metal phytoextraction. Although the extremely high Zn contamination of Fluvisol-Litavka significantly reduced biomass production, willows planted in this soil showed the highest Zn removal because of extremely high Zn accumulation (max. 5061 ppm in leaves). Clones planted in moderately contaminated soil achieved the highest Cd removal. Clones showed different abilities to remove Cd and Zn, which was dependent on soil type and contamination level. Remediation factors were determined less than 1% for Zn in the heavily polluted soil and also unsatisfactory for Cd. However, it was shown that willows were suitable phytoextractors of moderately contaminated soil. About 20% of Cd and 4% of Zn were removed by harvested biomass from the total content of soil after two vegetation periods. Keywords: cadmium, zinc, phytoextraction, removal, Salix, willow, contamination, soil Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 542-547 Volume: 49 Issue: 12 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.17221/4191-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4191-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200312-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:49:y:2003:i:12:id:4191-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: B. Kos Author-Workplace-Name: Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia Author-Name: H. Grčman Author-Workplace-Name: Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia Author-Name: D. Leštan Author-Workplace-Name: Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia Title: Phytoextraction of lead, zinc and cadmium from soil by selected plants Abstract: The Pb, Zn and Cd phytoextraction potential of 14 different plants was assessed in a chelate induced phytoextraction experiment. In the used soil heavy metals mainly reside in carbonate, organic matter, and residual soil fractions. The addition of a chelate, 5 mmol/kg ethylenediamine-tetracetic acid (EDTA), increased the proportion of phytoavailable Pb, Zn and Cd in the soil (dissolved in soil solution and exchangeable from soil colloids), and also their uptake by tested plants up to 48 times (Sinapis alba), 4.6 times (Raphanus sativus oleiformis), and 3.3 times (Amaranthus spp.), respectively, compared to the control. The biodegradable chelate ethylenediamine-disuccinic acid (EDDS) was generally less effective (tested on a selection of 4 plant species), except for Cannabis sativa. In a treatment with 10 mmol/kg EDDS, Pb, Zn and Cd concentrations of 1053 ± 125, 211 ± 16 and 5.4 ± 0.8 mg/kg, respectively, were measured in the biomass of Cannabis sativa and were 105, 2.3 and 31.7 times higher, respectively, than in the control treatment. The calculated Pb phytoextraction potential of Cannabis sativa amounted to 26.3 kg/ha. Keywords: lead, zinc, cadmium, soil remediation, phytoextraction, chelates Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 548-553 Volume: 49 Issue: 12 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.17221/4192-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4192-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200312-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:49:y:2003:i:12:id:4192-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Balík Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Černý Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Tlustoš Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Zitková Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Title: Nitrogen balance and mineral nitrogen content in the soil in a long experiment with maize under different systems of N fertilization Abstract: The effect of different systems of N fertilization on nitrogen balance and N transformation in the soil was studied in long-term stationary experiments (1991-2002) with successive growing of maize. Average dry matter yield for the control without fertilization in the period 1991-2002 was 11.67 t of dry matter per ha, which was by 2-2.9 t less than for fertilization treatments. Statistically significant differences between the control and fertilization treatments were determined for the first time in the 4th experimental year. Average nitrogen uptake by the aboveground biomass was116 kgN/ha for the control, 162-170 kg N/ha for fertilization treatments. All experimental treatments had a negative balance of N inputs and outputs, and it was -1394 kg N/ha for the control (for 12 experimental years). After the application of mineral fertilizers, a lower content of total carbon and nitrogen was measured in the topsoil compared to the control and treatments with organic fertilization. The changes in the nitrogen regime of soil were characterized by the content of extractable nitrogen and carbon in extractions by 0.01M CaCl2. With respect to the content of mineral nitrogen and easily extractable organic nitrogen and carbon in the topsoil the control was most stable followed by farmyard manure treatment. Soil lysimeters were installed in these experiments (depth60 cm, size0.2 m2). For an eight-year period (1994/2002)11.78 kgN-NO3-/ha were determined in lysimetric waters. These values for fertilization treatments ranged from 21.0 to58.2 kgN-NO3-/ha. Straw application reduced nitrate contents in lysimetric waters. Keywords: stationary experiment, maize, nitrogen fertilization, N transformation in soil, lysimeters Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 554-559 Volume: 49 Issue: 12 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.17221/4193-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4193-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200312-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:49:y:2003:i:12:id:4193-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Černý Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Balík Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: D. Pavlíková Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Zitková Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: K. Sýkora Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Title: The influence of organic and mineral nitrogen fertilizers on microbial biomass nitrogen and extractable organic nitrogen in long-term experiments with maize Abstract: Microbial biomass nitrogen and extractable organic nitrogen in extractions by 0.05M K2SO4 and 0.01M CaCl2 were studied in a long-term experiment with successive growing of silage maize. The highest content of microbial biomass nitrogen was measured for manure treatment, by 38-133% higher than for the control. In treatments with applications of mineral nitrogen fertilizers microbial biomass N was lower on average by 22-30% against the control. Extractable organic nitrogen was also lower in treatments with mineral N fertilizers compared to the control: by 23% in ammonium sulphate treatment and by 29% in DAM. The highest content of extractable organic nitrogen was determined for manure treatment. There was a positive correlation (r = 0.44-0.9) between microbial biomass nitrogen and extractable organic nitrogen in the extractions by 0.01M CaCl2 and 0.05M K2SO4. Keywords: long-term experiment, maize, microbial biomass nitrogen, extractable organic nitrogen Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 560-564 Volume: 49 Issue: 12 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.17221/4194-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4194-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200312-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:49:y:2003:i:12:id:4194-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: G. Barančíková Author-Workplace-Name: Soil Science and Conservation Research Institute, Prešov, Slovakia Author-Name: J. Makovníková Author-Workplace-Name: Soil Science and Conservation Research Institute, Prešov, Slovakia Title: The influence of humic acid quality on the sorption and mobility of heavy metals Abstract: Mobile and potentially mobile forms of heavy metals are probably one of the most important toxic hazards in the environment. Besides pH, which is a factor influencing the mobility/availability of heavy metals to the greatest extent, the content and mainly the quality of soil organic matter play a very important role in the evaluation of heavy metal behaviour in the environment. The fraction of metals bound to organic compounds is exclusively associated with humic substances and particularly with humic acids (HA). A relationship between the parameters reflecting the actual structure of humic acids and mobile or potentially mobile fractions of heavy metals was studied in 12 soil localities representing different soil types. It can be stated on the basis of the acquired data that heavy metals tend to form complexes with soil organic matter that are different for each metal. The results suggest that copper is bound mainly in an unavailable form (significant correlations of fraction IV with HA parameters) and cadmium prefers exchangeable forms (significant correlations of fraction I with HA parameters) and is more available. It can be assumed on the basis Spearman's correlations that mobile fractions of cadmium are predominantly bound to the aliphatic part of humic substances, and copper prefers strong bonds to humic acids with a high degree of humification. Keywords: humic acid parameters, cadmium, copper, sequential analysis Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 565-571 Volume: 49 Issue: 12 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.17221/4195-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4195-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200312-0008.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:49:y:2003:i:12:id:4195-PSE