Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Z. Martinková Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: A. Honěk Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Title: Gastrophysa viridula (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and biocontrol of Rumex - a review Abstract: Gastrophysa viridula (DeGeer) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is an oligophagous herbivore which prefers consuming leaves of dock (Rumex spp.) species. Because of its feeding specialization this leaf beetle species is considered a potential biocontrol agent of dock plants. This paper reviews geographic distribution, development, life history, herbivory, and natural enemies of this species. Its potential use as a biocontrol agent will be then evaluated. G. viridula is an important part of the complex of Rumex tural enemies. Its herbivory decreases vigour of Rume plants but cannot cause their mortality alone. The effect of herbivory is enhanced by other biocontrol agents, particularly the rust Uromyces rumicis (Schum.) (Pucciniaceae). Combined effects of G. viridula and other biocontrol agents increase Rumex mortality and thus contribute to its natural control. Attempts at using G. viridula in control of Reynoutria spp. were still unsuccessful. G. viridula may also become a pest of several Polygonaceae crops. Keywords: Gastrophysa, Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Rumex, geographic distribution, development, life history, herbivory, biological control Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 1-9 Volume: 50 Issue: 1 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/3635-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3635-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200401-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:50:y:2004:i:1:id:3635-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: D. Holá Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Kočová Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: O. Rothová Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: D. Chodová Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Mikulka Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic Title: The effect of low growth temperature on Hill reaction and Photosystem 1 activities in three biotypes of Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad. with different sensitivity to atrazine and ALS-inhibiting herbicides Abstract: A possible influence of low growth temperature on the photochemical activity of isolated mesophyll chloroplasts was studied in three biotypes of kochia [Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad.] that showed either double resistance to both atrazine and acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors (Bubny biotype), resistance to ALS inhibitors but not to atrazine (Jihlava biotype), or sensitivity to both types of herbicides (Karlín biotype). Plants 5 or 12 weeks old since the date of sowing were examined. The Bubny biotype displayed the lowest values of Hill reaction activity (HRA) among all biotypes examined, and a significantly lower activity of Photosystem (PS) 1 compared to the Karlín biotype; this applied both for the control and low temperature-grown plants and for both plant ages studied. The comparison of HRA and PS1 activity in the Jihlava and Karlín biotypes showed lower values of both parameters for the Jihlava biotype. The HRA of plants grown at low temperature conditions was usually only slightly lower compared to the control plants of all three biotypes examined. The activity of PS1 in the kochia biotypes grown under low-temperature conditions increased markedly and significantly compared to the control plants; this increase was slightly higher in the atrazine-sensitive biotypes Jihlava and Karlín than in the resistant biotype Bubny. The differences between resistant and susceptible biotypes in the HRA diminished under low-temperature conditions whereas the differences in PS1 activity increased. Keywords: Kochia scoparia, ALS inhibitors, atrazine, resistance to herbicides, Photosystem 1 activity, Hill reaction activity, low temperature Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 10-17 Volume: 50 Issue: 1 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/3636-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3636-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200401-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:50:y:2004:i:1:id:3636-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Tůma Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Education, University of Hradec Králové, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Skalický Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Education, University of Hradec Králové, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Tůmová Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Education, University of Hradec Králové, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Bláhová Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Education, University of Hradec Králové, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Rosůlková Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Education, University of Hradec Králové, Czech Republic Title: Potassium, magnesium and calcium content in individual parts of Phaseolus vulgaris L. plant as related to potassium and magnesium nutrition Abstract: In a two-pot experiment of Phaseolus vulgaris L., the influence of K and Mg gradated doses upon K, Mg and Ca content in the pods, stem and leaves was studied. The content of cations changed significantly in individual parts of the plant. The highest content of potassium was found within the dry matter of the pods (it exceeded 4%) and stalk (3-4%). The highest content of calcium (3-4%) and magnesium (0.4-0.8%) was found within the dry matter of the leaves. The effects of K gradated doses were revealed significantly in its higher content increase mainly in the leaves (by as much as 83%) and the decrease of calcium content (31%) and magnesium content (37%) was observed in the leaves and less in the stalks. The effects of Mg gradated doses were revealed in the non-significant increase in its content in the leaves and stalks and the decrease of the potassium content in the leaves (by 19%) and in stalks (11%) and even in the decrease of the calcium content (52%) mainly in the pods. Keywords: green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), plant nutrition, potassium, magnesium, calcium, translocation Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 18-26 Volume: 50 Issue: 1 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/3637-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3637-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200401-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:50:y:2004:i:1:id:3637-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: T. Takáč Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia Title: The relationship of antioxidant enzymes and some physiological parameters in maize during chilling Abstract: The changes in some physiological parameters of maize seedlings in response to chilling were studied. The emphasis was laid upon their relationship to chilling induced alterations in antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase) activity. The exposure of maize seedlings to chilling caused substantial defects in the 4-day-old seedlings and the seedlings with two fully developed leaves, respectively. The membrane semipermeability perturbations and the loss of viability in the young seedlings were observed. Similarly, we found a decrease of chlorophyll content, appearance of necrotic lesions and inhibition of growth in older plants. The measurements of superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities provide an evidence of reactive oxygen species formation, that is assumed to be a reason of the found damages. Significant differences between two cultivars were found in the studied parameters. The electrolyte leakage and viability test provided effective methods for the characterization of the chilling tolerance-level in maize cultivars. Keywords: chilling, maize (Zea mays L.), antioxidant enzymes, cell viability, electrolyte leakage, growth inhibition, chlorophyll Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 27-32 Volume: 50 Issue: 1 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/3638-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3638-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200401-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:50:y:2004:i:1:id:3638-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Fargašová Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia Title: Toxicity comparison of some possible toxic metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, Se, Zn) on young seedlingsof Sinapis alba L. Abstract: The chronic ecotoxicological effects of Cd, Cu, Pb, Se and Zn were determined within this study. Mustard seedlings (Sinapis alba L.) were used as a model subject for the tests. The phytotoxicity was determined through the root growth inhibition and photosynthetic pigments production (chlorophyll a, b, total carotenoids). The metal accumulation in the roots and cotyledons was also determined using the AAS methods. On the basis of IC50 values and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the root elongation of S. alba seedlings, metals can be arranged in the rank order of inhibition as follows: Cu > Se > Cd > Zn >> Pb. When the photosynthetic pigments production was determined, Se demonstrated the lowest inhibitory effect on all pigment types and Pb did the highest. The accumulated amount of metals from hydroponic solution into the roots and cotyledons decreased in the order Cd > Zn > Se > Pb > Cu. Keywords: root elongation, photosynthetic pigments production, metal accumulation, Sinapis alba, selenium, cadmium, zinc, copper, lead Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 33-38 Volume: 50 Issue: 1 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/3639-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3639-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200401-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:50:y:2004:i:1:id:3639-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. Brkić Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of J.J. Strossmayer in Osijek, Croatia Author-Name: Z. Milaković Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of J.J. Strossmayer in Osijek, Croatia Author-Name: A. Kristek Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of J.J. Strossmayer in Osijek, Croatia Author-Name: M. Antunović Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of J.J. Strossmayer in Osijek, Croatia Title: Pea yield and its quality depending on inoculation, nitrogen and molybdenum fertilization Abstract: The influence of seed inoculation with a bio-preparation of nodule bacteria Rhizobium leguminosarum, fertilization of 0, 40, 80, 120 kg N/ha and molybdenum topdressing on the yield of green mass, dry matter, seed, average number of pods per plant, average number of seeds per pod, average nodule number per plant, nodule dry weight as well as plant and seed protein concentration were studied during the two years of investigations on two soils - Mollic Gleysols and Eutric Cambisols. The highest values of all investigated parameters were obtained in the inoculated seed variants with molybdenum application, except the average nodule number per plant where the highest values were achieved in variants without molybdenum. The effect of nitrogen fertilization depended on the soil type, i.e. its chemical properties. The largest number of the investigated parameters obtained the highest values as a result of fertilization with 40 kg N/ha on Mollic Gleysols (3.96% humus). Thus, seed yield was 4.02 t/ha, nodule dry matter 0.482 g per plant whereas seed protein concentration was 26.91%. The largest number of the investigated parameters on Eutric Cambisols (1.07% humus) obtained the highest values with fertilization of 80 kg N/ha where seed yield amounted to 3.65 t/ha, nodule dry matter 0.456 g per plant while seed protein concentration was 26.48%. Keywords: inoculation, nitrogen fertilization, molybdenum, Rhizobium leguminosarum, field pea, seed yield, proteins, nodule dry weight Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 39-45 Volume: 50 Issue: 1 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/3640-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3640-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200401-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:50:y:2004:i:1:id:3640-PSE