Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Dziechciarková Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Czech Republic Author-Name: A. Lebeda Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Czech Republic Author-Name: I. Doležalová Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Czech Republic Author-Name: D. Astley Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Czech Republic Title: Characterization of Lactuca spp. germplasm by protein and molecular markers - a review Abstract: The genus Lactuca L. belongs to one of the largest plant families, Asteraceae. Lactuca L. is represented by ca 100 species distributed in different geographical areas and ecological conditions. This is one of the reasons why this genus is characterised by very broad variation of different characters. Electrophoretic detection of some proteins (isozymes) has been applied to the study of genetic variability of Lactuca spp. individuals and populations. The development of molecular genetic methods (RFLP, Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism; PCR methods: RAPD, Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA; AFLP, Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism; minisatellites and microsatellites fingerprinting or SSR, Simple Sequence Repeats) and their application has contributed to the elucidation of various aspects related to the taxonomy, variability, biodiversity, genetics and breeding within the genus Lactuca L. Further potential application of these methods is discussed. Keywords: genepools, genetic resources, lettuce, taxonomy, variability, biodiversity, isozymes, RFLP, RAPD, AFLP, microsatellites, STMS, SAMPL, PCR, AP-PCR Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 47-58 Volume: 50 Issue: 2 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/3680-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3680-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200402-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:50:y:2004:i:2:id:3680-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. Skupinová Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Vejl Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Sedlák Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Bardová Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Srbek Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Klápště Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Zouhar Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: B. Tesařová Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Title: Using DNA markers for characterisation of tomato resistance against root nematoden Meloidogyne incognita Abstract: CAPS (Cleaved Amplified Polymorphic Sequence) method and standard infection tests were used for the study of tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) resistance against the root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita Kofoit and White). The CAPS method was used to determine genotypic constitution of Mi gene in ten Czech and four foreign varieties of tomatoes. Similarly were verified one hundred and twenty individuals of F2 segregated progeny of Nema variety and the same number of F2 progeny of Petopride variety. A comparison of results of infection test with results of molecular-genetic analyse of DNA showed 100% congruence in detection resistant (susceptible respectively) genotypes. Result of 2 test confirmed in the level of mathematical expectation P (0.5, 0.7) congruence between actually obtained and theoretical segregation ratios. The CAPS method can be recommended for fast and precise determination of resistance or susceptibility of tomato plants against the root-knot nematodes. The goal of the method is the possibility of detection of genotypic constitution of Mi gene that can significantly accelerate the process of creation of new resistant varieties. Keywords: tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum L., Meloidogyne incognita Kofoit and White, resistance, CAPS, DNA, marker, PCR Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 59-64 Volume: 50 Issue: 2 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/3681-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3681-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200402-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:50:y:2004:i:2:id:3681-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Blažek Author-Workplace-Name: Research and Breeding Institute of Pomology, Holovousy, Czech Republic Title: Pre-selection of apple seedlings for partial powdery mildew (Podosphaera leucotricha Ell. et Ev. /Salm./) resistance Abstract: Incidences of powdery mildew were repeatedly evaluated for two years on 1 420 young seedlings of 20 progenies (of different levels of mildew susceptibility) in a green house, and then for 10 years on 642 seedlings in an orchard. Part of the seedlings in the orchard were pre-selected for the characteristic and others not. Except for the first scoring done in the first year, there was no correlation between mildew incidence on individual seedlings in the green house and their mean performance in the orchard. The seedlings with scores above 6 (resistant or tolerant) at the first stage of evaluation in the green house, however, yielded four times more desirable seedlings after final selection in the orchard than the mean of the total. The progenies that had a better healthy state as a whole yielded more partially resistant genotypes than those with low mean scores. Therefore, the progenies that most rapidly develop infestation on the whole lot should be discarded, whereas those that retain a healthy state longer should be subjected to individual selection according to the previous item. Keywords: apple trees, Malus × domestica, powdery mildew, Podosphaera leucotricha, resistance, early selection Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 65-69 Volume: 50 Issue: 2 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/3682-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3682-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200402-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:50:y:2004:i:2:id:3682-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Sedlák Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Melounová Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: S. Skupinová Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Vejl Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Domkářová Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Title: Study of European and Czech populations of potato cyst nematodes (Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida) by RAPD method Abstract: Potato cyst nematodes (PCN) are the big problem in worldwide planting of potatoes and another Solanaceous plants. Identification of individual pathotypes according to international scheme is very demanding but a very important part of the phytosanitary process to control these pests. Molecular genetic identification of different plant and animal species or individuals is a very interesting way at the present time and let's hope that it will be important in future. This report presents results of the RAPD study of nine different real PCN populations. There were five Globodera rostochiensis populations and four G. pallida populations. Pathotypes Ro2, Ro2/3, Ro4, Ro5, Pa2 and Pa3 were from European populations; population Ro1 and X were of Czech provenance. Genetics variable of these populations was described by a set of six decameric primers (OPA 07, OPG 03, OPG 05, OPG 08, OPG 10 and OPG 13). Genetic dissimilarity was by Gel Manager for Windows evaluated. Detectable differences behind all populations were found and the dendrogram was compiled. The unknown population X was sorted into group of Globodera pallida species subgroup of Pa2 consequently. Keywords: potato cyst nematodes, Globodera rostochiensis, G. pallida, pathotypes, RAPD Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 70-74 Volume: 50 Issue: 2 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/3683-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3683-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200402-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:50:y:2004:i:2:id:3683-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Kochanová Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Zouhar Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: E. Prokinová Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Ryšánek Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Title: Detection of Tilletia controversa and Tilletia caries in wheat by PCR method Abstract: Tilletia controversa and Tilletia caries were specifically detected in wheat plants by PCR using primers TILf (5´-CAC AAG ACT ACG GAG GGG TG-3´) and TILr (5´-CTC CAA GCA ACC TTC TCT TTC-3´). DNAs from uninfected wheat, rye, barley and triticale were not amplified. Natural infection of control plants by other species of fungi as Alternaria spp., Erysiphe graminis and Fusarium spp. proved the specificity of the test because even in this case no unspecific products were formed. This method can be very useful both for seed producers and for state officers checking the seed quality. Keywords: detection, primers, PCR, DNA, Tilletia controversa, Tilletia caries, wheat Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 75-77 Volume: 50 Issue: 2 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/3684-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3684-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200402-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:50:y:2004:i:2:id:3684-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Kuchtová Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Vašák Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Title: The effect of rapeseed stand density on the formation of generative organs Abstract: This experiment was carried out for the study of differences in dynamics of formation and reduction of generative organs from the beginning of the flowering to the harvest, under different stand density of the winter rapeseed. The evaluation of the results of the study of stand density, confirms that from the technological point of view it is appropriate to choose a thinner population of rapeseed. Starting with the stand density of 60 plants/m2 we do not observe significant differences in plants during the generative stage, neither in the number of branches nor in the number of created generative organs. At this density (60 plants/m2) a significant reduction of generative organs takes place, especially on the secondary branches. Differences in the number of fertile branches are visible in case of more dense populations only in the harvest. From the point of view of the yield it is more advantageous to support the creation of generative organs on primary racemes by agricultural interventions. Keywords: winter rapeseed, generative organs, formation, reduction, stand density Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 78-83 Volume: 50 Issue: 2 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/3685-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3685-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200402-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:50:y:2004:i:2:id:3685-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Mangova Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, Sadovo, Bulgaria Author-Name: G. Rachovska Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, Sadovo, Bulgaria Title: Technological characteristics of newly developed mutant common winter wheat lines Abstract: Fifteen hybrid-mutant lines and two direct mutant lines were studied in terms to their technological quality in 2000 and 2001 vegetation years. The hybrid-mutant lines were produced using chemical mutagen sodium azide at a concentration of 1mM on F2 seeds. For parent cultivars, promising and well adapted Bulgarian and foreign common winter wheat cultivars were used. The direct mutant lines were obtained by gamma-irradiation and sodium azide treatment of dry seed from cultivars. The differences of the following three characteristics: quality index, softening of dough and energy for dough deformation (W) of MX 77/14 compared to the total mean value are positive and statistically significant. Crude protein, softening of dough, and energy for dough deformation (W) of MX 84/37 are also significantly different in relation to the total mean value. Both wheat lines refer to the group of common winter wheat with very good technological quality. This fact was confirmed of higher values of energy for dough deformation (W), than strong wheat cultivar Pobeda. Keywords: wheat hybrid-mutant lines, technological quality, rheological properties Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 84-87 Volume: 50 Issue: 2 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/3686-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3686-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200402-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:50:y:2004:i:2:id:3686-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Soukup Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Jursík Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Hamouz Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Holec Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Krupka Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Title: Influence of soil pH, rainfall, dosage, and application timing of herbicide Merlin 750 WG (isoxaflutole) on phytotoxicity level in maize (Zea mays L.) Abstract: Pot trials and field studies were carried out to describe the influence of soil pH and rainfall on the phytotoxic effect of the herbicide Merlin 750 WG (isoxaflutole) in maize. Symptoms as bleaching, and root and shoot weight reduction in early growth of maize were found. In pot trials, a statistically significant crop injury in early growth of maize was found only at the herbicide dose of 100 and 130 g/ha followed by 30 mm precipitation directly after herbicide application in soils with pH 6.5 and 7.2. Bleaching and significant weight reduction of maize up to growth stage BBCH 13 were observed in field trials at treatments with early post-emergence application of Merlin and 20 mm precipitations. Bleaching symptoms recovered up to BBCH 19. Significant differences were found in maize shoot weight and cob yield between treatments with and without watering (20 mm irrigation), and between pre- and post-emergence application of Merlin under field conditions. No significant differences were found between herbicide doses tested. Keywords: herbicide, isoxaflutole, phytotoxicity, crop injury, maize, pH, rainfall Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 88-94 Volume: 50 Issue: 2 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/3687-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3687-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200402-0008.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:50:y:2004:i:2:id:3687-PSE