Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Hofman Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Science, Masaryk University in Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Švihálek Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Science, Masaryk University in Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: I. Holoubek Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Science, Masaryk University in Brno, Czech Republic Title: Evaluation of functional diversity of soil microbial communities - a case study Abstract: In our case study, we measured the functional diversity of the microbial communities of twelve soils from the small natural area to assess if this assay is suitable for routine monitoring of soil biological quality. We found the BIOLOG assay meets especially practical benefits in routine monitoring of soils being simple and quick assay. However, we confirmed the ambiguity about the most appropriate analysis of the BIOLOG multivariate data and about the best parameter, which can be derived from the assay. The different analyses of the data were examined and various parameters derived from the BIOLOG assay were comparatively used to contribute to the discussion of how the data should be evaluated. We showed that not-normalized raw absorbances or trapezoid areas should be used for calculation of diversity index if the inoculum was standardized. There was no single answer to what parameter provided more correct results in the multivariate statistical analysis. Evaluating at least one not-normalized (e.g. trapezoid area) and one normalized parameter (e.g. absorbances read in fixed AWCD) was strongly suggested keeping in mind that they reveal different information. Keywords: BIOLOG, soil microorganisms, soil monitoring, functional diversity Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 141-148 Volume: 50 Issue: 4 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/4074-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4074-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200404-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:50:y:2004:i:4:id:4074-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Henselová Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia Author-Name: M. Regecová Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia Author-Name: A. Sováková Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia Title: Isolation of chloroplasts in the Karwinskia species and determination of their photochemical activity under in vitro conditions Abstract: Reaction conditions for evaluation of the photochemical activity of isolated chloroplasts in the Hill reaction of Karwinskia humboldtiana (Roem & Schut) Zucc. and Karwinskia parvifolia Rose species were determined. Hill's reaction activity was measured spectrophotometrically at 630 nm as the amount of DCPIP reduction by the chloroplast suspension at an irradiance of 400 µmol/m2/sPAR. A significant difference was observed between the activity of chloroplasts isolated at 2°C and 25°C amounting to 27% in Karwinskia humboldtiana and 18.5% in K. parvifolia. After 24 hours of storage of chloroplasts at a suspension of 2°C, a significant decrease of chloroplasts activity was noted in both species, e.g. 38% in Karwinskia humboldtiana and 45% in K. parvifolia. The photochemical activity of chloroplasts increased also with the length of irradiation of the reaction mixture and the content of chlorophyll (a + b) in chloroplast suspension. The activity of chloroplasts was found to be significantly higher in the species K. humboldtiana than in K. parvifolia and it proved higher in both when these were grown under field conditions rather than in a greenhouse. Keywords: Karwinskia humboldtiana, Karwinskia parvifolia, isolation of chloroplasts, Hill reaction activity Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 149-156 Volume: 50 Issue: 4 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/4075-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4075-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200404-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:50:y:2004:i:4:id:4075-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: B. Šimić Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Institute, Osijek, Croatia Author-Name: S. Popović Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Institute, Osijek, Croatia Author-Name: M. Tucak Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Institute, Osijek, Croatia Title: Influence of corn (Zea mays L.) inbred lines seed processing on their damage Abstract: Manipulation of corn seed from harvest throughout processing to disinfections is associated with seed damage. Such damage causes lower germination and germination energy. Seed damage, especially in the embryo and crown, are factors that decrease germination, especially under low temperatures. Also, damaged seed is inclined to infections by soil pathogens (Aspergillus, Pythium, Penicillium), causing seed and germ rotting. In some cases, plant density is seriously reduced by infestations so that resowing is required. Seed of five corn-inbred lines differing in form and type (A: shallow and round form of the dent type MO-17, Os6-2; B: deep and uniform of the semi-flint type B-73, Os84-28 and Os87-24) were tested for their quantity and damaged spots (crown, germ, back side and belly side). Seed damage following the manipulations ranged as follows: from 3.8 to 7.2% (harvest), from 36.2 to 52.8% (husking) and from 38.4 to 54.0% (the end of processing). Also, damage of different parts of seed following their processing was as follows: from 17.8 to 29.2% (crown), from 4.1 to 6.7% (germ), from 6.3 to 9.8% (back side) and from 5.7 to 8.3% (belly side). High negative correlation (from r = -0.620 to r = -0.960) between damage of seed and seed quality (germination energy, germination) and high positive correlation between germination energy and germination were found over the investigated years and for both lines. Keywords: corn lines, seed processing, structure of seed, damage of seed Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 157-161 Volume: 50 Issue: 4 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/4076-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4076-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200404-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:50:y:2004:i:4:id:4076-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Butorac Author-Workplace-Name: University of Zagreb, Faculty of Agriculture, Croatia Author-Name: J. Beljo Author-Workplace-Name: University of Zagreb, Faculty of Agriculture, Croatia Author-Name: J. Gunjača Author-Workplace-Name: University of Zagreb, Faculty of Agriculture, Croatia Title: Study of inheritance of some agronomic and morphological traits in burley tobacco by graphic analysis of diallel cross Abstract: The mode of inheritance of yield, topping height, leaf number, days to flowering, leaf length and width was studied by means of graphic analysis in a half diallel cross test of four burley tobacco varieties (Saturn, TN 86, Bs 92 and Bols 100) in 1998 and 1999. The trial was set up according to the RCBD at four replications in the experimental field of Tobacco Institute Zagreb in Pitomača. Overdominance in inheritance of all studied traits, except leaf length and width in 1998, was found by the graphic method. No interallelic interaction and epistasis were present as seen from testing regression coefficients for all investigated traits and years. The distribution of parental genotypes on a scatter diagram along the expected regression line points to the genetic divergence of the parents. Parent Bs 92 appeared to have the most dominant alleles for yield and leaf length and parent Saturn for topping height, leaf number and leaf width. Keywords: Nicotiana tabacum L., burley, agronomic and morphological traits, graphic analysis Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 162-167 Volume: 50 Issue: 4 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/4078-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4078-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200404-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:50:y:2004:i:4:id:4078-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: D. Bečka Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Vašák Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Kroutil Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Štranc Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Title: Autumn growth and development of different winter oilseed rape variety types at three input levels Abstract: The autumn growth and development was studied in three types of winter oilseed rape varieties (line, hybrid and genetically modified hybrid) at three technologies (intensity, standard and low input). Technologies were different by soil preparation before sowing, sowing rate, chemical treatment levels, growth regulation and fertilisation. It is evident from the autumn period 1999-2002, that the yield of biomass and roots in the autumn period was influenced by the technology and year conditions (water soil condition). The occurrence of surface soil clods influenced negatively the creation of root and aboveground biomass irrespective of the soil cultivation (ploughing or cultivation without ploughing). Also the excessive soil moisture negatively influenced the root and aboveground biomass and increased the differences among variants. The low input variant was substantially worse than intensity and standard. The dry mass of aboveground and root biomass was statistically different (alfa = 0.05) in the intensive and standard variant in comparison with the variant without ploughing (low input). No statistically significant differences were found in the mass of aboveground and root biomass (alfa = 0.05). The percentage of dry mass in aboveground and root biomass was statistically significantly higher (alfa = 0.05) in intensity of growth regulator application tebuconazole (Horizon 250EW) + chlormequat-chloride (Retacel Extra R68) compared with standard and low input. The diameter of root neck, length of roots and number of leaves was statistically the highest (alfa = 0.05) in the intensive variant. Statistically the values differed from the standard and low input variants. Substantially lower differences were found in the varieties in the same characters. GM hybrid showed a lower heterosis effect and the studied characters did not reach the level of unmodified hybrid level. Keywords: winter rapeseed, varieties, genetic modification, technology, intensity, standard, low input, biomass Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 168-174 Volume: 50 Issue: 4 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/4077-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4077-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200404-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:50:y:2004:i:4:id:4077-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Heroldová Author-Workplace-Name: Instituteof Vertebrate Biology, AS CR, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Zejda Author-Workplace-Name: Instituteof Vertebrate Biology, AS CR, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Zapletal Author-Workplace-Name: Instituteof Vertebrate Biology, AS CR, Czech Republic Author-Name: D. Obdržálková Author-Workplace-Name: Instituteof Vertebrate Biology, AS CR, Czech Republic Author-Name: E. Jánová Author-Workplace-Name: Instituteof Vertebrate Biology, AS CR, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Bryja Author-Workplace-Name: Instituteof Vertebrate Biology, AS CR, Czech Republic Author-Name: E. Tkadlec Author-Workplace-Name: Instituteof Vertebrate Biology, AS CR, Czech Republic Title: Importance of winter rape for small rodents Abstract: Winter rape stands are important habitat for the common vole (Microtus arvalis) and the pygmy field mouse (Apodemus microps). In autumn, the common vole is dominant in this habitat (D = 75%) and reproduces in it (17% of population). This species also dominates the small mammal community of winter rape in early spring (D = 87%), and its reproduction begins in this habitat early; under suitable meteorological conditions 44% of the population of common vole reproduce in March. Analyses of the spring and autumn diet of M. arvalis in winter rape have shown that green leaves of this species form the dominant component of its diet. During the period when the rape crop is ripening, the population abundance of the common vole decreases as green food at ground level decreases. The pygmy field mouse (A. microps) has a contrasting response to winter rape, and it is almost absent from the rape crop from autumn to late spring. However, when winter rapeseeds begun to ripen, the pygmy field mouse concentration in this habitat is in large numbers (dominance D = 76%) and rapeseeds dominate its diet (v% = 72). After the harvest of winter rape, when shed seeds begin to grow, both small mammal species live for some weeks on rape plots. Keywords: Brassica napus, Microtus arvalis, Apodemus microps Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 175-181 Volume: 50 Issue: 4 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/4079-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4079-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200404-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:50:y:2004:i:4:id:4079-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Š. Klíčová Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry in Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Šebánek Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry in Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: T. Vlašic Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry in Brno, Czech Republic Title: The effect of cytokinins and other plant hormones on the growth of cotyledonary axilars of flax (Linum usitatissimum), sunflower (Helianthus annuus) and pea (Pisum sativum) Abstract: Flax seedlings were decapitated above the cotyledons. After one cotyledon was removed the growth of the bud of the remaining cotyledon was stronger in 90% of the plants. However, the application of the cytokinin benzyladenine (BA) to the bud of the removed cotyledon caused a growth correlative reversal and, by contrast, in 65% of the plants the bud of the removed cotyledon grew out. On the other hand, in sunflower seedlings, which have epigeal cotyledons similar to flax, after the removal of one cotyledon the growth of the axillary of the removed cotyledon was more intensive in 59% of the plants. Not even an application of BA to the remaining cotyledon of sunflower resulted in more intensive growth of the axillary of this cotyledon. When both cotyledons were left on the seedling, BA applied to one of the cotyledons of decapitated flax plants resulted in a highly significant stimulation of growth of the axillary of this cotyledon; in sunflower; however, the effect of the BA was insignificant. After decapitation of the stem of pea seedlings where both cotyledons remained, both axillaries grew out, but after a certain period of time one of them (the dominant one) achieved a growth correlative dominance over the other (inhibited). The present study is focused on whether an application of plant hormones onto the inhibited shoot is able to cause a growth correlative reversal, i.e. to change the inhibited shoot into a dominant one. The application of 0.12% BA can cause such a reversal virtually in all plants if the original difference in the length between the inhibited and dominating axillaries is 12-24 mm. A 0.12-0.5% concentration of gibberellin causes a reversal in 13-75% of the plants, but only if the difference between the dominant and inhibited shoot is 1-12 mm. A 0.03-0.25% concentration of IAA causes a reversal in 34-57% of the plants, if the difference in the length of the axillaries is 1-4 mm. Keywords: flax, sunflower and pea seedlings, benzyladenine, gibberellin, indolyl-3-acetic acid, growth of cotyledonary axillaries Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 182-187 Volume: 50 Issue: 4 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/4080-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4080-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200404-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:50:y:2004:i:4:id:4080-PSE