Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Šimonovičová Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia Author-Name: L. Tamás Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia Author-Name: J. Huttová Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia Author-Name: B. Široká Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia Author-Name: I. Mistrík Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia Title: Activity of some enzymes in barley caryopses during imbibition in aluminium presence Abstract: Peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, acid and alkaline phosphatase, esterase and glucosidase activities were studied during imbibition of barley caryopses in the presence of aluminium. Antioxidative enzymes (peroxidase, superoxid dismutase) showed elevated activity already 2 h after the onset of imbibition in the presence of Al. In contrast hydrolytic enzymes (phosphatases, glucosidase, esterase) were only moderately activated at low Al concentrations (1-2mM), while strong inhibition was observed at higher Al concentrations (4-8mM). In in vitro conditions 8mM Al had no effect on the activity of acid phosphatase, moderately inhibited alkaline phosphatase and glucosidase and strongly esterase activity. During imbibition of caryopses in solution without Al an increase of the pH value of the imbibition solution from 4 to 6 has occurred, while in the presence of Al the shift in pH value was less expressive and dependent on Al concentration. At 8mM Al concentration no change in the pH value of imbibition solution was observed. The SDS-PAGE analysis of polypeptides released to the imbibition solution in the presence of Al revealed the accumulation of two polypeptides with relative molecular mass of 35 and 18 kDa. The release of 96 and 27.5 kDa polypeptides was completely inhibited at 8mM Al concentration. These results confirmed that Al is able to influence different physiological processes already during seed imbibition and early growth phases of barley seedlings. Keywords: spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), aluminium stress, seed coat proteins, SDS-PAGE, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, acid and alkaline phosphatase, non-specific esterase, -glucosidase, pH-regulation Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 189-195 Volume: 50 Issue: 5 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/4021-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4021-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200405-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:50:y:2004:i:5:id:4021-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: L. Růžek Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: K. Voříšek Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: S. Strnadová Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Nováková Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: W. Barabasz Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Title: Microbial characteristics, carbon and nitrogen content in cambisols and luvisols Abstract: Tested soils (1991-2002) were defined by chemical, textural and microbial characteristics. From the tests which describe cambisols, the following parameters have to be stressed. The higher level of Corg (1.20-1.76%), which resulted in quite high microbial biomass carbon content (396-625 µg/g dry soil), high control respiration (0.45-0.80 mg CO2/h/100 g dry soil) and potential nitrification with (NH4)2SO4 (6.7-18.4 mg N-NO3/8 days/100 g dry soil). Studied luvisols reached typical levels: Corg (0.97-1.22%), CMB (398-503 µg/g dry soil), control respiration (0.46-0.57 mg CO2/h/100 g dry soil), potential nitrification with (NH4)2SO4 (3.2-9.9 mg N-NO3/8 days/100 g dry soil). Lower levels of organic carbon and a medium level of microbial biomass raised in higher ratio CMB/Corg (average 4.0%). Highly significant differences (p < 0.01) between cambisols and luvisols were determined for Corg, Nt, pH(KCl), CMB, CMB/Corg, CE, control respiration and potential nitrification, while the difference in potential ammonification with peptone was at level p < 0.05. With the exemption of ratio CMB/Corg all cambisol characteristics were higher than luvisol ones. Studied soils were evaluated by six biological criteria (CMB; ratios: CMB/Corg, CE/CMB, potential/control respiration, potential/control ammonification, potential/control nitrification). These criteria distinguished tested soils into three groups. The first one includes two localities in the mountain region (Červená Voda 809, 810; altitude 565-590 m) defined as stagnic cambisols with higher content of Corg (1.40, respective 1.76%) and simultaneously with the highest biomass of micro-organisms from all tested soils (CMB,625, respective 621 µg/g dry soil). It is not surprising that microbial activities (respiration, nitrification) at these localities were also high. The majority of the studied localities (one eutric cambisol and four luvisols) belongs to the medium group. The third group includes two localities (Neumětely - haplic luvisol, Čistá u Rakovníka - eutric cambisol) where biological criteria was mostly the worst. In the period 1993-2002 microbial biomass carbon was for both sites in the range of 357-458 µg/g dry soil which are not so bad values, but in comparison with localities in mountain wet region they are low. This status was issued in the lower ratio CMB/Corg (2.71-3.77%). Keywords: cambisols, luvisols, microbial biomass carbon, K2SO4 extractable carbon, respiration, ammonification, nitrification Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 196-204 Volume: 50 Issue: 5 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/4022-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4022-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200405-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:50:y:2004:i:5:id:4022-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: H. Özer Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey Author-Name: T. Polat Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey Author-Name: E. Öztürk Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey Title: Response of irrigated sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) hybrids to nitrogen fertilization: growth, yield and yield components Abstract: N fertilization has a substantial influence on sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) seed yield and quality. It was also well established that high-yielding sunflower hybrids had more N requirement than old cultivars such as open-pollinated ones. However, in Turkey, no sufficient information regarding the response of new developed oilseed sunflower hybrids to nitrogen fertilization under irrigated conditions. Therefore, a 2-year study was conducted to determine the effects of nitrogen application rates on the growth, yield, and yield components of two oilseed sunflower hybrids (AS-508 and Super 25) under irrigated conditions. In this study, all plant parameters were significantly influenced by applied nitrogen fertilizer rates. Yield response to nitrogen rates was positive and linear. Our research data indicated that under irrigated conditions N rate of 120 kg/ha was adequate for sunflower production in this region. Keywords: sunflower, nitrogen rate, growth, seed yield, yield components Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 205-211 Volume: 50 Issue: 5 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/4023-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4023-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200405-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:50:y:2004:i:5:id:4023-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: C. Aydinalp Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey Author-Name: A.V. Katkat Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey Title: The comparison of extraction methods for evaluating some heavy metals in polluted soils Abstract: The extractability of Cd, Co, Cr, Ni and Pb was evaluated using ammonium chloride, calcium chloride, strontium chloride and DTPA extractants in this research. The eight surface soils were used to assess plant available metals with different extraction methods. The amounts of metal extracted were related to pseudototal contents, determined after microwave digestion using HNO3. Quantification of dissolved metals was used by ICP-MS matrix-matched standards. The obtained results indicated a high variability of metal extraction depending on extraction procedure, source of pollution, and nature of the soil. The results showed that the extractability for calcareous soils was best determined by DTPA. In comparison of chloride salts, a higher efficiency of extraction with ammonium chloride for these soils was found. Keywords: ICP-MS, heavy metals, polluted soils, pollution, extraction methods, mobility Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 212-217 Volume: 50 Issue: 5 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/4024-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4024-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200405-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:50:y:2004:i:5:id:4024-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Wyszkowski Author-Workplace-Name: University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland Author-Name: J. Wyszkowska Author-Workplace-Name: University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland Author-Name: A. Ziółkowska Author-Workplace-Name: University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland Title: Effect of soil contamination with diesel oil on yellow lupine yield and macroelements content Abstract: The study has been undertaken to assay the effect of soil contamination with diesel oil on yellow lupine yield and macroelement contents as well as to examine the relationships between the accumulation of macroelements versus the yellow lupine yielding and some yield quality characteristics. The influence of soil pollution with refinery products depended on the type of soil, diesel oil concentration in soil and mineral fertilisation. Increasing contents of soil pollution with diesel oil promoted higher concentrations of phosphorus, sodium, magnesium and calcium in aboveground parts and roots of yellow lupine. More severe contamination was also responsible for depressed yield of yellow lupine aboveground parts and roots as well as accumulation of nitrogen in aboveground parts and potassium in roots of the crop. The addition of nitrogen to soil diversified the yielding and content of macroelements in yellow lupine. The direction these changes took depended on the plant organ, type of soil and degree of diesel oil contamination. Keywords: soil, diesel oil contamination, nitrogen application, yellow lupine yield, macroelements content Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 218-226 Volume: 50 Issue: 5 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/4025-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4025-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200405-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:50:y:2004:i:5:id:4025-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: G. Šidlauskas Author-Workplace-Name: Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture, Kedainiai, Lithuania Author-Name: P. Tarakanovas Author-Workplace-Name: Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture, Kedainiai, Lithuania Title: Factors affecting nitrogen concentration in spring oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) Abstract: The effect of the duration of the growth season, meaning daily temperature, precipitation rate, growing degree in days, nitrogen rates and application time, stand population density, soil nitrogen content and the interaction among these factors on nitrogen concentration in spring oilseed rape plants of aboveground dry matter. During the vegetative growth season, mature seeds and straw were studied in field experiment with spring oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) cv. Star over five years. It was found that nitrogen concentration was the highest in the youngest plants. The increase of duration in growth season and precipitation rate had a negative effect on nitrogen concentration in mature seeds. Meanwhile, the increase in growing degree-days and mean daily temperature positively affected seed nitrogen concentration. The relationships between nitrogen concentration in spring oilseed rape plants at different growth stages and climate records was found. Stand population density occurred having a rather negligible effect on nitrogen concentration. Nitrogen fertilizer rates showed strong and positive effect on nitrogen concentration in aboveground dry matter as well as in seed and straw. With the delay of nitrogen application time concentration of nitrogen was increasing. Keywords: spring oilseed rape, nitrogen concentration, nitrogen rate, nitrogen application time, stand population density, mean daily temperature, precipitation rate, growing degree-days Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 227-234 Volume: 50 Issue: 5 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/4026-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4026-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200405-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:50:y:2004:i:5:id:4026-PSE