Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Matula Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Title: Barley response to the soil reserve of sulphur and ammonium sulphate in short-term experiments under controlled conditions of cultivation Abstract: The objective of the paper was to determine an appropriate concentration of available sulphur in soil for the initial growth of plants. Based on previous researches two methods of soil extraction were used to acquire information on the soil reserve: water extraction (H2O 1:5, w/v) and extraction in 0.5M ammonium acetate with addition of NH4F (KVK-UF soil test). Spring barley was used as a test crop to determine the soil reserve of sulphur and its response to sulphur addition to the soil. A collection of 48 samples of topsoil from agriculturally important localities in the CR was made up for this purpose and the parameters of the nutrient status of the soil were remarkably different. A set of soils was used to establish short-time vegetation experiments in a plant growth chamber according to the scheme: A) control - without sulphur application and B) response variant with application of 30 mg S/kg of soil in the form of (NH)4SO4; nitrogen in variant A was adjusted by application of NH4Cl. Index of nutrient efficiency (IE = Y/N where Y = yield and N = nutrient concentration in the plant) and boundary lines of the point field were used to evaluate the efficiency of barley nutrition with sulphur. The efficient soil reserve of sulphur for the soil test H2O (1:5) when the ICP analytical technique was used was indicated in the range of 8-11 mg S/kg; 6-10 mg S/kg for sulphate detection on a SKALAR analyser. The efficient utilisation of sulphur by barley plants for the KVK-UF soil test was in the range of 7-12 mg S/kg. The conversion of the KVK-UF S-test to the index of soil reserve of sulphur by adding up a variable portion of the CEC value to the value of sulphur determined by the soil test (0.0167CEC + 9.1667) improved the closeness of the relationship between soil and plant. Keywords: sulphur, soil testing, barley Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 235-242 Volume: 50 Issue: 6 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/4027-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4027-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200406-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:50:y:2004:i:6:id:4027-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Kucharski Author-Workplace-Name: University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland Author-Name: J. Wyszkowska Author-Workplace-Name: University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland Title: Inter-relationship between number of microorganisms and spring barley yield and degree of soil contamination with copper Abstract: The purpose of the study has been to determine the effect of soil contamination with copper on the modification of microbial number and spring barley yield and to assess whether spores of actinomycete Streptomyces odorifer and Streptomyces viridis were used for detoxification of copper polluted soils. The tests were performed in a pot experiment, which was conducted on two types of soil: Eutric Cambisol soil derived from light loamy sand and Eutric Cambisol soil derived from light loam. The results showed that number of all analysed microorganisms was significantly negatively correlated with a degree of soil contamination by copper, but positively correlated with the yield of spring barley. In general, the adverse impact of copper on the development of oligotrophic bacteria and their spores, eutrophic bacteria and their spores as well as actinomycetes and fungi was much weaker in more compact (light loam) than lighter (light loamy sand) soil. Copper had a strong toxic effect on spring barley and significantly inhibits the growth and development of the plants. An inoculum containing spores of Streptomyces viridis and Streptomyces odorifer did not alleviate the negative response of spring barley to copper contamination of soil, although it had positive influence on the growth of some microorganisms. Keywords: soil contamination with copper, spring barley yield, number of microorganisms Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 243-249 Volume: 50 Issue: 6 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/4028-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4028-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200406-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:50:y:2004:i:6:id:4028-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Prikner Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: F. Lachnit Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: F. Dvořák Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Title: A new soil core sampler for determination bulk density in soil profile Abstract: The portable soil core sampler was engineered for gradual sampling of soil profile in the depth up to 0.5 m, which ensures extraction of the whole sample volume of soil profile in determinable depth. The portable soil core sampler was compared with the professional soil probe Eijkelkamp P1.31 (Eijkelkamp Agrisearch Equipment, Netherlands) in field conditions. The portable sampler was compared with the physical soil sample rings in laboratory conditions to eliminate all of possible restrictive aspects affecting the procedure of measurement. The portable soil core sampler with inner diameter 71 mm, depth 120 mmenables gradually take samples of soil profile by step of 50 mmand is able to detect possible local extremes. On the other hand a soil probe is not able to reach desired accuracy in taking of a soil sample. Values measured from a soil probe approximately taken by step of 150 mmare inaccurate. The values of bulk density of both sampling methods were variable at significant interval from 40 into 80 kg/m3. Different values could be caused by soil profile condition and by the use of different sampling methods. The design of a portable soil sampler should be of assistance in fast and precise soil profiling sample collection, which is required to determine bulk density of the soil, its variance depending on moisture content in soil compaction determining criteria. Keywords: soil, soil sampler, soil compaction, soil profile Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 250-256 Volume: 50 Issue: 6 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/4029-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4029-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200406-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:50:y:2004:i:6:id:4029-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Hanzlík Author-Workplace-Name: Facultyof Science, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Jehlička Author-Workplace-Name: Facultyof Science, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Z. Weishauptová Author-Workplace-Name: Facultyof Science, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: O. Šebek Author-Workplace-Name: Facultyof Science, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic Title: Adsorption of copper, cadmium and silver from aqueous solutions onto natural carbonaceous materials Abstract: Twelve carbonaceous materials were investigated for adsorption of Cd, Cu and Ag from water solutions. Before the adsorption experiments the chemical and structural characterization of all materials were made. The batch adsorption experiment was used. The kinetic of the adsorption process was very fast for the first five hours but very slow for approximately the next 65 hours. Nevertheless the maximum amount of metal removed was achieved during the first stage of about five hours. Biological materials (milled wood, bark, cork) exhibited a very low affinity for adsorption of metals. The best results were obtained for materials in an intermediate degree of carbonisation with a high content of oxygen rich functional groups. Although the highly carbonised materials exhibited low ability to adsorb copper or cadmium, their capacity to bind silver was very high. Keywords: adsorption, copper, cadmium, silver, wood, peat, coal, activated carbon Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 257-264 Volume: 50 Issue: 6 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/4030-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4030-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200406-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:50:y:2004:i:6:id:4030-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: D. Choluj Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, Warsaw Agricultural University, Warsaw, Poland Author-Name: R. Karwowska Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, Warsaw Agricultural University, Warsaw, Poland Author-Name: M. Jasińska Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, Warsaw Agricultural University, Warsaw, Poland Author-Name: G. Haber Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, Warsaw Agricultural University, Warsaw, Poland Title: Growth and dry matter partitioning in sugar beet plants (Beta vulgaris L.) under moderate drought Abstract: Growth response of sugar beet plants to drought stress applied at different growth stages has been investigated. Cessation of watering imposed moderate water stress and resulted in the reduction of the relative water content of young and old leaves maximally by 6%. However, water content in taproot was more drastically decreased than in the shoot. Water withholding reduced dry matter accumulation and leaf assimilatory expansion when imposed at successive growth stages, especially in the case of earlier stress application. Substantial change in distribution pattern was observed when stress affected foliar development, more than 80% of dry matter was accumulated in the taproots. Water shortage negatively influenced both taproot and sugar yield by 16-52%, depending on the stress timing in the season. Drought stress did not change the sucrose concentration but when occurred in foliar and early stage of root development, decreased the contents of important non-sugar compounds like potassium and -amino-N solutes in the final yield. Overall, data concerning the different water status in particular organs implies that a hydrodynamic equilibrium does not exist within the sugar beet plant as a response to water stress. Drought imposed on the earlier stage, most drastically influenced plant growth and final yield. When water stress occurs at the end of crop cycle, sugar beet plants had a higher ability to recovery their growth. Keywords: Beta vulgaris L., drought, dry matter partitioning, growth, leaf area, water content, yield quantity and quality Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 265-272 Volume: 50 Issue: 6 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/4031-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4031-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200406-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:50:y:2004:i:6:id:4031-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: F. Feichtinger Author-Workplace-Name: Bundesamt für Wasserwirtschaft, Institut für Kulturtechnik und Bodenwasserhaushalt, Petzenkirchen, Austria Author-Name: E. Erhart Author-Workplace-Name: Bundesamt für Wasserwirtschaft, Institut für Kulturtechnik und Bodenwasserhaushalt, Petzenkirchen, Austria Author-Name: W. Hartl Author-Workplace-Name: Bundesamt für Wasserwirtschaft, Institut für Kulturtechnik und Bodenwasserhaushalt, Petzenkirchen, Austria Title: Net N-mineralisation related to soil organic matter pools Abstract: Soil organic matter and its turnover rate are key parameters for agricultural management practice as well as for environmental issues. In a field experiment comparing organic (compost) and mineral fertilisation and combinations of both the amount of inorganic nitrogen in the soil and the nitrogen uptake by the plants were measured. Considering these data and the fertilisation practice the net N-mineralisation during the vegetation periods 1996-2001 was estimated for six fertilisation treatments. Simultaneously the nitrogen dynamics in the soil were calculated using the STOTRASIM model, which takes into account four soil organic matter pools of different turnover rate. A close relation was found between the amount of a slow decomposable fraction and the net N-mineralisation during the vegetation period. Keywords: soil nitrogen, N mineralisation, pool size, modelling Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 273-276 Volume: 50 Issue: 6 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/4032-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4032-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200406-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:50:y:2004:i:6:id:4032-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: N. LEMEŽIENÉ Author-Workplace-Name: Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture, Akademija, Lithuania Author-Name: J. Kanapeckas Author-Workplace-Name: Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture, Akademija, Lithuania Author-Name: P. Tarakanovas Author-Workplace-Name: Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture, Akademija, Lithuania Author-Name: S. Nekrošas Author-Workplace-Name: Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture, Akademija, Lithuania Title: Analysis of dry matter yield structure of forage grasses Abstract: An average dry matter yield structure (three cuts per growing season) in relation to agronomically valuable characteristics of six forage grass species and a year of herbage utilization was studied over the period of 1989-2002 in Lithuania. The most productive species of the first cut of two years of herbage utilization were Phleum pratense (P < 0.01) and Festulolium hybrids (P < 0.05) (average dry matter yield were 7.42 and 6.66 t/ha, respectively), moderately productive - Festuca pratensis, Dactylis glomerata and Lolium perenne (5.58, 5.42 and 5.20 t/ha), significantly lower (P < 0.01) yielding was Poa pratensis (4.19 t/ha). During two years of herbage utilization Dactylis glomerata produced significantly (P < 0.01) higher dry matter yield of aftermath - 7.30 t/ha. Other grass species were ranked in the following order: Festulolium hybrids 5.85 t/ha, Festuca pratensis 4.94 t/ha, Poa pratensis 4.57 t/ha, Lolium perenne 4.48 t/ha, and Phleum pratense 3.92 t/ha. Dactylis glomerata and Poa pratensis distinguished by the highest aftermath percent in the structure of the annual dry matter yield (57.7 and 52.2%). Phleum pratense formed an especially poor aftermath - only 34.6%. An average annual dry matter yield data analysis of two years of herbage utilization over the period of 1989-2002 showed that Dactylis glomerata and Festulolium hybrids were most productive (P < 0.01) species. Keywords: forage grasses, dry matter yield, first cut, aftermath, regrowth Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 277-282 Volume: 50 Issue: 6 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/4033-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4033-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200406-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:50:y:2004:i:6:id:4033-PSE