Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Z. Ciecko Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Environmental Chemistry, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland Author-Name: S. Kalesa Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Environmental Chemistry, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland Author-Name: M. Wyszkowski Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Environmental Chemistry, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland Author-Name: E. Rolka Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Environmental Chemistry, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland Title: The effect of elevated cadmium content in soil on the uptake of nitrogen by plants Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of cadmium (10, 20, 30 and 40 mg Cd/kg of soil) contamination in soil with the application of different substances (compost, brown coal, lime and bentonite) on the intake of nitrogen by some plants. The correlations between the nitrogen content in the plants and the cadmium concentration in the soil, as well as the plant yield and the content of micro- and macroelements in the plants were determined. Plant species and cadmium dose determined the effects of soil contamination with cadmium on the content of nitrogen. Large doses of cadmium caused an increase in nitrogen content in the Avena sativa straw and roots and in the Zea mays roots. Soil contamination with cadmium resulted in a decrease of nitrogen content in the Avena sativa grain, in above-ground parts and roots of the Lupinus luteus, in the above-ground parts of the Zea mays and in the above-ground parts and roots of Phacelia tanacaetifolia. Among the experimental different substances, the application of bentonite had the strongest and a usually negative effect on the nitrogen content in plants. The greatest effect of bentonite was on Avena sativa grain, above-ground parts Zea mays and Lupinus luteus and Phacelia tanacaetifolia. The content of nitrogen in the plants was generally positively correlated with the content of the macroelements and some of the microelements, regardless of the substances added to the soil. Keywords: cadmium soil contamination, compost, brown coal, lime, bentonite, plant yield, nitrogen content, macro- and microelement content Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 283-294 Volume: 50 Issue: 7 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/4034-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4034-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200407-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:50:y:2004:i:7:id:4034-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Matula Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Title: The effect of chloride and sulphate application to soil on changes in nutrient content in barley shoot biomass at an early phase of growth Abstract: In this study experiments primarily aimed at the needs of specification of an adequate soil reserve of labile sulphur were extended by investigations of the impact on interactions in nutrient uptake by a test barley plant. Vegetation (18-day) experiments under controlled conditions of cultivation were conducted on a diverse set of 48 soils from agricultural lands. Before barley sowing the experimental set of soils was divided into two variants: A - control (with NH4Cl application) and B - response variant [with (NH4)2SO4 application], and a uniform dose of 26 mg N/kg soil was used. After the experiment terminated, concentrations of N, N-NO3-, S, S-SO42-, P, K, Mg, Ca, Na, Mn and B were determined. Paired t-test revealed significant differences between the sets of data on variants A and B in barley yield and concentrations of sulphur, sulphate, nitrate, phosphorus and boron in barley plants. Sulphate variant (B) had higher yield of barley, higher concentrations of sulphur, sulphate and boron and lower concentrations of nitrate and phosphorus compared to variant A. The lower concentrations of nitrate and phosphorus could not be reasoned by the effect of dilution resulting from the higher barley yield. A substantial decrease in nitrate concentration was related to better utilisation of plant nitrogen after the nutrient status of soil was adjusted with sulphur. Phosphorus concentration in barley adequately corresponded to the soil reserve of labile phosphorus, but only after the phosphorus concentration in barley markedly decreased to the lower level in (sulphate) variant B. Higher concentration of boron in barley could potentially be related to the depression of phosphorus uptake after sulphate application. Keywords: barley, interaction, sulphur, nitrate, phosphorus, boron Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 295-302 Volume: 50 Issue: 7 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/4035-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4035-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200407-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:50:y:2004:i:7:id:4035-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Smatanová Author-Workplace-Name: Central Institute for Supervising and Testing in Agriculture in Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: R. Richter Author-Workplace-Name: Central Institute for Supervising and Testing in Agriculture in Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Hlušek Author-Workplace-Name: Central Institute for Supervising and Testing in Agriculture in Brno, Czech Republic Title: Spinach and pepper response to nitrogen and sulphur fertilization Abstract: A vegetation pot experiment was established to explore the effect of two doses of nitrogen (0.6 and 0.9 gN in the form of ammonium sulphate) and two doses of sulphur (20.6 and 30.6 mg/kg of soil) on the yields and quality of spinach and pepper in comparison with a natural level (7.85 mg/kg). The results of the experiments confirmed that the application of sulphur by means of (NH4)2SO4 in combination with nitrogen had a positive effect on yields and also on the quality of the vegetables. In the sulphur-free variants of spinach the effect was statistically significant and also when the levels of S in the soil were higher. Lower doses of nitrogen under increased levels of sulphur increased the yields statistically significantly (on average by 47%) and the sulphur concentration in the plants increased. The N:S ratio became narrower in proportion with the level of sulphur, particularly under a lower N level. The nitrate content in spinach corresponded with the applied dose of nitrogen and the nitrogen concentration. The sulphur level did not influence the content of C vitamin, but had a positive effect on the content of the essential amino acids cysteine and methionine. A mean level of S1 in combination with a N1 dose significantly increased pepper yields, narrowed the N:S ratio and was reflected in dry matter production per 1 g of N. The highest pepper yields were achieved with a dose of S1, which resulted in the highest dry matter production in the fruit per1 g of N under both levels of N. At the same time increasing the sulphur level reduced the content of nitrate and increased the level of cysteine from 0.11 to 0.305 g/kg. Keywords: sulphur, nitrogen, spinach, pepper, yield, quality Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 303-308 Volume: 50 Issue: 7 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/4036-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4036-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200407-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:50:y:2004:i:7:id:4036-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: L. Ducsay Author-Workplace-Name: Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Slovakia Author-Name: O. Ložek Author-Workplace-Name: Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Slovakia Title: Effect of topdressing with nitrogen on the yield and quality of winter wheat grain Abstract: Small-plot field experiments were established in the first decade of October at the Plant Breeding Station of Sládkovičovo-Nový dvor with winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), variety Astella. There was investigated an effect of topdressing with nitrogen on the yield of winter wheat grain and its quality characteristics in the experiment. Nitrogenous fertilizers were applied at the growth phase of the 6th leaf (Zadoks = 29). Soil of the experimental stand was analysed for inorganic nitrogen content (Nan) down to the depth of 0.6 m of soil profile. Productive nitrogen fertilizing rate was computed to ensure Nan content in soil on the level of 120 and140 kg N/ha, respectively. Three various forms of fertilizers were examined, urea solution, ammonium nitrate with dolomite, and DAM-390. Different weather conditions statistically highly, significantly influenced grain yield in respective experimental years. Topdressing with nitrogen caused a statistically highly significant increase of grain yield in all fertilized variants ranging from +0.35 to +0.82 t/ha according to respective treatments. Average grain yield in unfertilised control variant represented 7.23 t/ha. Nitrogen nutrition showed a positive effect on the main macroelements offtake (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S) by winter wheat grain in all fertilized variants. Nitrogen fertilizing to the level of 140 kg/ha N in soil positively influenced formation of wet gluten and crude protein with highest increment in variant 5 (solution of urea) representing +12.8 and +10.7%, respectively in comparison to control unfertilised variant as well as to variant 2 (solution of urea and fertilizing on the level of120 kg N/ha) where increments represented +8.8 and 9.7%, respectively. Thousand-kernel weight, volume weight and portion of the first class grain were not markedly influenced by nitrogen fertilizing. Keywords: winter wheat, topdressing with N, grain yield, grain quality Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 309-314 Volume: 50 Issue: 7 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/4037-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4037-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200407-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:50:y:2004:i:7:id:4037-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: H. Laser Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Giessen, Germany Author-Name: W. Opitz Von Boberfeld Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Giessen, Germany Title: Effect of legume proportion and physiological age on forage quality and the suitability of Agrostis capillaris L. and Festuca rubra L. for silage making Abstract: The chemical and physical properties of herbage from low-input grassland usually differ from plant material of intensively managed swards. The experiment in split-plot design with four replicates was carried out to examine, whether legume proportions and the physiological age of herbage are relevant to fermentability of herbage. Lotus corniculatus did not increase nitrate concentrations sufficiently in Festuca rubra and most Agrostis capillaris swards to be able to avoid clostridial fermentation. However, Lotus corniculatus reduced the WSC/BC ratio of the grasses grown in mixture and that of the complete herbage of the mixtures. A late first cut in summer had an unexpected positive effect on the WSC/BC ratio of the grasses in pure stands, though reduced nutritive value of silages made from plants of advanced maturity stages are in all probability because of low energy concentrations in the fresh matter even with high yield proportions of the legume. Absence of fertilisation and late utilisation do not affect the chemical requirements for the fermentation process of grass-rich herbage in principle. However, silage making under these conditions is very demanding concerning ensilage technique: it may be necessary to use nitrate additives and higher fibre contents makes it more difficult to compact herbage. Keywords: low-input grassland, legumes, fermentability, forage quality Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 315-323 Volume: 50 Issue: 7 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/4038-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4038-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200407-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:50:y:2004:i:7:id:4038-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Gaisler Author-Workplace-Name: ResearchInstitute of Crop Production, Prague-Ruzyně, Grassland Research Station Liberec, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Hejcman Author-Workplace-Name: ResearchInstitute of Crop Production, Prague-Ruzyně, Grassland Research Station Liberec, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Pavlů Author-Workplace-Name: ResearchInstitute of Crop Production, Prague-Ruzyně, Grassland Research Station Liberec, Czech Republic Title: Effect of different mulching and cutting regimes on the vegetation of upland meadow Abstract: The effect of different cutting and mulching regimes on the structure of the sward and plant species diversity of semi-natural meadow (Arrhenatherion alliance) was investigated in manipulative experiment over five years. Mulching once a year in September (MS) and plots without management (U) developed in the same way and resulted in increase of Veronica chamaedrys and Galium album and disappearance of light sensitive Trifolium repens. T. repens increased in two cut, two cut without removal of the biomass and in three times mulched treatments. The lowest species diversity was recorded under MS and U treatments on the end of the experiment. Mulching once a year in July altered the vegetation in a different way than the MS treatment. Our results indicate high importance of term of mulching and frequency of defoliation management on the development of grassland vegetation. Keywords: Arrhenatherion, botanical composition, defoliation frequency, permanent grassland, management Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 324-331 Volume: 50 Issue: 7 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/4039-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4039-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200407-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:50:y:2004:i:7:id:4039-PSE