Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Lachman Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: B. Havrland Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: E.C. Fernández Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Dudjak Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Title: Saccharides of yacon [Smallanthus sonchifolius (Poepp. et Endl.) H. Robinson] tubers and rhizomes and factors affecting their content Abstract: Yacon [Smallanthus sonchifolius (Poepp. et Endl.) H. Robinson], a native plant of the Andes, belongs to the family Compositae (Asteraceae). It represents a traditional crop from the original population of Peru. Most of the tuberous root biomass is constituted by water (> 70% of the fresh weight). Saccharides, especially oligofructans, form 70-80% of their dry weight. Four yacon ecotypes originating from Bolivia, Ecuador, Germany and New Zealand were cultivated on the trial fields of the Czech University of Agriculture in Prague in 1995, 1996, 2000 and 2001. Considerable differences among the ecotypes were observed in their content of inulin (141-289 mg/kg d.m.) and lesser for fructose levels (195-217 mg/kg d.m.). No differences were found in glucose and saccharose contents. The highest inulin and fructose contents were found in the harvests from 2001 and 2000, similar trends were found for glucose. Statistically significant effect on the content of all saccharides has the year of cultivation. Tubers contained much higher levels of inulin (179 g/kg d.m.) and fructose (193 g/kg d.m.) in comparison with rhizomes. No significant differences were found for saccharose (higher in rhizomes) and glucose (lower in rhizomes). The contents of inulin and fructose in the upper and lower parts of tubers were reciprocal. During the storage period of 140 days at10°C and 75% a relative humidity inulin content decreased by 48.7% and monosaccharides content increased (fructose by 9.97%, glucose by 31.4%) due to hydrolysis. Likewise saccharose content increased by 12.9%. Keywords: yacon, saccharides, effect of ecotype, effect of cultivation year, effect of storage, tubers and rhizomes, different parts of the tubers Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 383-390 Volume: 50 Issue: 9 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/4048-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4048-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200409-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:50:y:2004:i:9:id:4048-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Leto Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Croatia Author-Name: M. Knežević Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Croatia Author-Name: K. Bošnjak Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Croatia Author-Name: D. Maćešić Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Croatia Author-Name: Z. Štafa Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Croatia Author-Name: V. Kozumplik Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Croatia Title: Yield and forage quality of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) cultivars in the lowland and the mountain regions Abstract: Six Trifolium pratense L. cultivars, five diploid and one tetraploid, were grown in the lowland region (123 m altitude) and the mountain region (650 m altitude). Dry matter (d.m.) and green mass (g.m.) yield, stem height and leaf proportion were assessed from each of the three growing seasons. Chemical composition was assessed from the average samples of all cuts in the second year of the experiment. Greater green mass (54.14 t/ha) and dry matter yield (9.86 t/ha), stem height (0.61 m), crude protein (157.6 g/kg), crude fiber (222.9 g/kg), crude ash (100.68 g/kg) and crude fat (30.09 g/kg) content were observed in the mountain region, compared to the lowland region (45.61 t/ha g.m. 8.92 t/ha d.m. 0.59 stem height, 156.38 g/kg crude protein, 216.6 g/kg crude fiber, 94.85 g/kg crude ash, 24.98 g/kg crude fat). The greater leaf proportion (47.2%) and nitrogen free extract content (420.13 g/kg) were observed in the lowland region compared to the mountain region (42.95% and 402.99 g/kg, respectively). A significant location × cultivar interaction was found for all investigated parameters except for leaf proportion. Keywords: Trifolium pratense L., yield, leaf proportion, stem height, chemical composition Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 391-396 Volume: 50 Issue: 9 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/4049-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4049-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200409-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:50:y:2004:i:9:id:4049-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Pavlovkin Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia Author-Name: I. Mistrík Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia Author-Name: M. Prokop Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia Title: Some aspects of the phytotoxic action of fusaric acid on primary Ricinus roots Abstract: Fusaric acid, at a concentration of 1mM induced at pH 5.5 an early hyperpolarisation was followed by a marked depolarisation of membrane potential difference. During this time increased electrolyte leakage from the primary Ricinus roots was determined. At higher pH values (6.5 and 8) the depolarisation caused by fusaric acid was immediate without hyperpolarisation observed at pH 5.5. Simultaneous exposure of the roots to P-ATPase activator fusicoccin and fusaric acid (pH 6.5) diminished the hyperpolarising effect of fusicoccin. The present results suggest that the dissociated form of fusaric acid does directly affect particular cell targets (plasmalemma, mitochondria) and viability of root cells decreased with the time of exposure and concentration of fusaric acid. Keywords: fusaric acid, membrane potential, electrolyte leakage, Ricinus roots Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 397-401 Volume: 50 Issue: 9 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/4050-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4050-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200409-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:50:y:2004:i:9:id:4050-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Barić Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Croatia Author-Name: M. Pecina Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Croatia Author-Name: H. Šarčević Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Croatia Author-Name: S. Kereša Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Croatia Title: Stability of four Croatian bread winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars for quality traits Abstract: Stability of breadmaking quality of four Croatian bread winter wheat cultivars was investigated using rheological traits from the farinogram (dough development time, stability, degree of softening, water absorption, Hankoczy quality number) and the extensogram (extensibility, maximum resistance, ratio of resistance to extensibility, energy) and the indirect traits (protein content, wet gluten content, Zeleny sedimentation volume, Hagberg falling number). Stability was evaluated for four cultivars grown in 12 environments in different parts of Croatia. Four stability parameters, covering a wide range of statistical approaches, were used to estimate cultivar stability. Variability for the stability of quality among cultivars was established. The cultivars Kuna and Banica showed high performance for most quality traits and were also identified as stable for the majority of them. The cultivar Žitarka was stable for four farinogram traits showing high level of performance only for dough development time, while Marija showed stability for only three traits but with unfavourable mean values for all of them. The largest contribution of genotype by environment effects in the total sum of variance components was found for the farinogram traits stability and dough development time, while the lowest, but similar to each other for protein content and wet gluten content. Keywords: genotype by environment interaction, breadmaking quality, bread winter wheat (T. aestivum L.), stability parameters Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 402-408 Volume: 50 Issue: 9 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/4051-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4051-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200409-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:50:y:2004:i:9:id:4051-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: R. Singh Author-Workplace-Name: Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India Author-Name: R.K. Behl Author-Workplace-Name: Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India Author-Name: K.P. Singh Author-Workplace-Name: Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India Author-Name: P. Jain Author-Workplace-Name: Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India Author-Name: N. Narula Author-Workplace-Name: Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India Title: Performance and gene effects for wheat yield under inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi and Azotobacter chroococcum Abstract: The present investigation was conducted to know the impact of bio-inoculants in low input field conditions on the magnitude and direction of gene effects and mean performance of some morphological and productivity traits in three wheat cultivars WH 147 (medium mineral input), WH 533 (drought tolerant), Raj 3077 (drought tolerant) and six generations namely P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1 and BC2 of three crosses i.e. WH 147 × WH 533, WH 533 × Raj 3077 and WH 147 × Raj 3077. The experiment was conducted in randomised block design with three replications and three treatments i.e. control (C, without inoculation), inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF, Glomus fasciculatum), and AMF + Azotobacter chroococcum (Azc). Mineral fertilizer (80 kg N/ha + 40 kg P/ha + 18 kg ZnSO4/ha) was applied in all the three treatments. The application of bio-inoculants, AMF and AMF + Azc had a positive effect on plant height, peduncle length, grain yield, biological yield and harvest index in various populations of all the crosses. However, in some of the generations the impact of bio-inoculants was insignificant. The joint scaling test revealed that additive-dominance gene effects were mainly operative in governing expression of peduncle length, tillers per plant, plant height, grains/spike, grain yield and all traits except days to flowering and harvest index in crosses WH 147 × WH 533 and WH 533 × Raj 3077. The application of bioinoculants influenced gene effects for days to flowering, days to maturity, flag leaf area, spike length, grains/spike, 1000 grain weight and harvest index where complex genetic interactions were changed to simple additive-dominance gene effects in the cross WH 147 × Raj 3077. Likewise, additive-dominance gene effects were altered and digenic interactions exhibited for days to maturity, flag leaf area in WH 147 × WH 533 and days to flowering, plant height, flag leaf area in WH 533 × Raj 3077. Flag leaf area and plant height were governed by additive gene effects while for days to maturity and 1000-grain weight both additive and dominance gene effect were important. Duplicate epistasis was important in all the three crosses for days to flowering and harvest index and in the cross WH 147 × Raj 3077 for grain weight grains per spike and flag leaf area. Keywords: wheat, Azotobacter chroococcum, arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi, gene effects Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 409-415 Volume: 50 Issue: 9 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/4052-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4052-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200409-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:50:y:2004:i:9:id:4052-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Melounová Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Vejl Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Sedlák Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: A. Reznerová Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Tesařová Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Blažek Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Zoufalá Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Title: The variability of Venturia inaequalis CKE. races in the Czech republic and the accumulation of resistance genes in apple germplasm Abstract: The growing of resistant apple varieties against the scab, impacts the Venturia inaequalis CKE. races development that can overcome the resistance. For this reason the main breeders object is to cumulate the different genetic mechanisms of resistance against this disease. Presented in this paper is the first genetic study of monosporic isolates in the Czech Republic. By means of RAPD and UPGMA methods which characterised the variability of 10 monosporic isolates from different localities and apple varieties. The monosporic isolate derived from the resistant genotype (Vf gene) proved a 79% genetic similarity with the isolate derived from sensitive variety Top Red. The genetic similarity of other isolates did not prove the dependence either on a locality or a host variety. The Vf and Vm genes accumulation in apple germplasm by means of specific PCR markers was studied. It was confirmed that Vf gene donors are always heterozygous. Concurrently it was statistically confirmed that the donor of Vm gene (OR-45-T-132) is heterozygous, too. The accumulation of Vf and Vm major genes against the scab was validated in 25% of seedlings of the cross. Keywords: apple scab, Venturia inaequalis, Malus × domestica, monosporic isolates, resistance, Vf gene, Vm gene, RAPD, PCR Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 416-423 Volume: 50 Issue: 9 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/4053-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4053-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200409-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:50:y:2004:i:9:id:4053-PSE