Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Haberle Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Kroulík Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Svoboda Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Lipavský Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Krejčová Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: D. Cerhanová Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Title: The spatial variability of mineral nitrogen content in topsoil and subsoil Abstract: Spatial variability of soil mineral nitrogen Nmin (N-NH4+, N-NO3-) in a soil profile down to 60 cm was determined in a 19-ha experimental field in Prague-Ruzyně for four years. Winter wheat was grown in the years 2000 and 2001, oats in 2002 and mustard in 2003. Root length distribution and depth of the crops were determined at four locations representing different soil conditions within the experimental field. The coefficient of variation as the measure of the variability of nitrate N in topsoil and subsoil (0-30 and 30-60 cm, respectively) in the experimental years ranged between 18-39 and 20-37%, respectively. It was mostly the same or slightly greater in subsoil than in topsoil in respective years. The variability of ammonium N in topsoil and subsoil ranged between 4-58 and 11-27%, respectively. It was similar in topsoil and subsoil, except for autumn 2000. There was a positive relation between nitrate content in top and subsoil on all sampling terms. We did not find a relationship between Nmin contents in experimental years. Spatial dependencies were evaluated on the basis of model variogram parameters. The nugget value expressed as a percentage value of the total variogram's sill was used for the class of spatial dependence determination. When a spatial dependence of the observed factor was found it was within a range of medium-strong dependence. Only in two cases a strong spatial dependence was found. A considerable variability was also found out in the variogram's range, which was between 61 and396 m. All these facts pose a problem for further actions, such as appropriate design of a sampling grid, measured data spatial interpolation and application maps design. Keywords: mineral nitrogen, Nmin, spatial variability, kriging, roots, winter wheat, oats, mustard Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 425-433 Volume: 50 Issue: 10 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/4054-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4054-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200410-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:50:y:2004:i:10:id:4054-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. Šliková Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Plant Production, Piešťany, Slovakia Author-Name: E. Gregová Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Plant Production, Piešťany, Slovakia Author-Name: P. Bartoš Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Plant Production, Piešťany, Slovakia Author-Name: A. Hanzalová Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Plant Production, Piešťany, Slovakia Author-Name: M. Hudcovicová Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Plant Production, Piešťany, Slovakia Author-Name: J. Kraic Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Plant Production, Piešťany, Slovakia Title: Development of wheat genotypes possessing a combination of leaf rust resistance genes Lr19 and Lr24 Abstract: Endopeptidase allele Ep-D1c and DNA marker-assisted selection have been used for the incorporation of Lr19 + Lr24 leaf rust resistance genes combination into adapted commercial winter wheat cultivars. The first step was the transfer of the gene Lr19 from the donor cultivar Agrus into acceptor cultivars Simona and Lívia. The progenies possessing the null allele Ep-D1c linked to the gene Lr19 have been screened for their resistance to leaf rust by isolate 4332 SaBa. The plants homozygous properties at the Ep-D1c locus and resistant against leaf rust were used for crossing with NIL Thatcher/Lr24 - a donor of the gene Lr24. Plants possessing both Lr genes were selected from F2 population by STS and isozyme markers linked to the Lr genes. Progenies of 18 F2 plants have been selected by STS marker and tested for resistance against leaf rust. Results obtained with isozyme and STS markers corresponded with resistance testing. Altogether 6 progenies of F3 generation possessing a resistance gene combination of Lr19 + Lr24 in a homozygous condition were developed. Keywords: Triticum aestivum L., leaf rust, Lr19 gene, Lr24gene, markers, molecular breeding Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 434-438 Volume: 50 Issue: 10 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/4055-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4055-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200410-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:50:y:2004:i:10:id:4055-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: I. Svobodová Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Research Institute Kroměříž, Ltd., Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Míša Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Research Institute Kroměříž, Ltd., Czech Republic Title: Effect of drought stress on the formation of yield elements in spring barley and the potential of stress expression reduction by foliar application of fertilizers and growth stimulator Abstract: Spring barley plants were exposed to water stress at different growth stages - from the period after emergence to the beginning of stem elongation, from emergence to the end of anthesis and from the beginning of stem elongation to the end of anthesis in pot experiments. In variants exposed to water deficit from emergence to the end of anthesis and from the beginning of stem elongation to the end of anthesis, effects of foliar fertilizers and Atonik preparation (applied before the growth stage DC 30 or at DC 33) to lower the stress impacts were tested. During the growing season, formation and reduction of tillers, florets per spike and the yield structure at full ripeness were investigated. The water deficit at stem elongation caused a withering out of the established tillers, drought during the formation of the florets reduced their number as well as their development into grains. In the variant where water stress was present to the beginning of stem elongation, the plants were able to compensate for stress implications by productive tillers that developed later (at stem elongation). The previous water deficit did not decrease 1000-grain weight, however protein content in grain increased due to low grain yield per pot. If foliar fertilizers and Atonik were applied before DC 30, a reduction of fertile florets decreased, which led to slight increase in a grain number per spike. Keywords: spring barley, water stress, tillers, florets, yield, yield structure, yield elements, protein content, foliar fertilizers, Atonik Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 439-446 Volume: 50 Issue: 10 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/4056-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4056-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200410-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:50:y:2004:i:10:id:4056-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Váňová Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Research Institute Kroměříž, Ltd., Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Hajšlová Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Research Institute Kroměříž, Ltd., Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Havlová Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Research Institute Kroměříž, Ltd., Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Matušinsky Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Research Institute Kroměříž, Ltd., Czech Republic Author-Name: K. Lancová Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Research Institute Kroměříž, Ltd., Czech Republic Author-Name: D. Spitzerová Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Research Institute Kroměříž, Ltd., Czech Republic Title: Effect of spring barley protection on the production of Fusarium spp. Mycotoxins in grain and malt using fungicides in field trials Abstract: The effects of different fungicides in four-year trials with a susceptible variety of spring barley, which was grown in field conditions with two previous crops (sugar beet and corn) and artificially inoculated with spores of Fusarium, were investigated. Field trials were laid down in plots of the Agricultural Research Institute Kroměříž, Ltd. (235 m above sea level, average annual temperature 8.7°C, annual precipitation sum 599 mm) in 2000-2003. The variety Kompakt, which was very sensitive to Fusarium head blight (FHB) in other trials, was used in all the trials examined. Incidence and severity of FHB and control with fungicides were measured by deoxynivalenol (DON) contamination of grain and malt. The content of Fusarium trichothecenes was evaluated in one fraction of kernels (diameter 2.5 mm) which is used in malting technology process. In 2000 and 2001, the treatments without adjuvants were applied. In the following two years, Silwet L-77 adjuvant (0.1 l/ha) was used with different rates of water (250 and 150 l/ha in 2002 and 2003, respectively). In all years, DON content increased in most cases after the grain samples were malted. The conditions of high grain moisture, moderate temperature and high relative humidity provide an ideal environment for Fusarium growth during germination. The greatest reduction of mycotoxins was achieved using a combination of azole fungicides with tebuconazole or metconazole or a mixture of metconazole + famoxadone + flusilazole with the addition of Silwet L-77 and a low rate of water. Keywords: barley, malt, mycotoxin DON, Fusarium spp., fungicides, adjuvant Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 447-455 Volume: 50 Issue: 10 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/4057-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4057-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200410-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:50:y:2004:i:10:id:4057-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: V. Šerhantová Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry in Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Ehrenbergerová Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry in Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Ohnoutková Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry in Brno, Czech Republic Title: Callus induction and regeneration efficiency of spring barley cultivars registered in the Czech Republic Abstract: Immature zygotic embryos are frequently used for induction of cell cultures in vitro and for genetic transformation. The effect of three synthetic auxins: 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid (dicamba) and 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid (picloram) on induction and subsequent regeneration capacity of barley. In vitro culture was studied in 12 spring barley cultivars registered in the Czech Republic and a variety of Golden Promise, with known high regeneration efficiency. The callus formation frequency and number of green regenerants were influenced significantly both by genotype and auxin. Most cultivars formed statistically significantly a higher mean number of regenerants (1.95) after the callus induction on the medium with 2.4-D as compared to the media with picloram and dicamba. Only two cultivars (Nordus and SG-S-261) did not respond to the used auxins differently. The highest average number of regenerants (from all three auxins) was obtained with Golden Promise (2.7 plants per one cultivated scutellum). From the set of genotypes used in our study, the cultivars Atribut, Forum, and Scarlett with the mean number of regenerants (2.09-1.57) would be the most suitable cultivars for further transformation use. They differ statistically significantly from the cultivars Nordus, Amulet, Akcent, SG-S-252, Orbit, and Granát (0.42-0.92) which had the lowest mean number of regenerants. Keywords: immature zygotic embryos, auxin, 2, 4-D, picloram, dicamba, spring barley Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 456-462 Volume: 50 Issue: 10 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/4058-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4058-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200410-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:50:y:2004:i:10:id:4058-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Akhter Author-Workplace-Name: Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology, Faisalabad, Pakistan Author-Name: K. Mahmood Author-Workplace-Name: Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology, Faisalabad, Pakistan Author-Name: K.A. Malik Author-Workplace-Name: Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology, Faisalabad, Pakistan Author-Name: A. Mardan Author-Workplace-Name: Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology, Faisalabad, Pakistan Author-Name: M. Ahmad Author-Workplace-Name: Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology, Faisalabad, Pakistan Author-Name: M.M. Iqbal Author-Workplace-Name: Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology, Faisalabad, Pakistan Title: Effects of hydrogel amendment on water storage of sandy loam and loam soils and seedling growth of barley, wheat and chickpea Abstract: The hydrogel amendments may improve seedling growth and establishment by increasing water retention capacity of soils and regulating the plants available water supplies, particularly under arid environments. The effects of different levels of a locally prepared hydrogel were studied on the moisture properties of sandy loam and loam soils (fine-loamy, mixed, hyperthermic Typic Haplargids, USDA, Luvic Yermosol, FAO) and on growth response of three plant species, viz. barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Water absorption by gel was rapid and highest in distilled water and was inhibited by an increase in water salinity. The addition of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3% hydrogel increased the moisture retention (θr) at field capacity linearly (r = 0.988) and thus the amount of plant available water significantly in both sandy loam and loam soils compared to the untreated soils. Seed germination of wheat and barley was not affected but seedling growth of both species was improved by the gel amendment. In loam soil, seed germination of chickpea was higher with 0.2% gel and seedling growth increased with increase in gel level compared with control conditions. The hydrogel amendment caused a delay by 4-5 days in wilting of seedlings grown in both soils compared with control conditions. The hydrogel amendment was effective in improving soil moisture availability and thus increased plant establishment. However, the varied responses of plant species in sandy loam and loam soils warrant further studies on the behaviour of different soil types with gel amendments. Keywords: soil hydrogel amendment, soil moisture properties, seed germination, seedling growth, water absorption Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 463-469 Volume: 50 Issue: 10 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/4059-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4059-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200410-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:50:y:2004:i:10:id:4059-PSE