Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: J. Dudjak
Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic
Author-Name: J. Lachman
Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic
Author-Name: D. Miholová
Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic
Author-Name: D. Kolihová
Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic
Author-Name: V. Pivec
Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic
Title: Effect of cadmium on polyphenol content in young barley plants (Hordeum vulgare L.)
Abstract: The effect of abiotic stress caused by cadmium on the total polyphenols content in root, shoots and leaf blades of barley was investigated in model experiments. Total polyphenols content was determined spectrophotometrically with Folin Ciocalteau's reagent, Cd content by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) in 28-day-old plants. Treatment of the barley plants with Cd (1.10-6 mol/l) in a nutrition solution caused the increase in the total polyphenols in all parts of the plant. The highest increase was found in the leaf blades (35.2%, 8340 mg/kg d.m.), a lesser increase found in the shoots (16.7%, 3590 mg/kg d.m.), and the lowest increase found in the roots (10.3%, 3650 mg/kg d.m.). The highest Cd increase in the treated plants was found in the roots (10 400%, 240 mg/kg d.m.), the lesser in their shoots (4990%, 16.3 mg/kg d.m.), and the lowest in the leaf blades (2580%, 5.78 mg/kg d.m.). There was found a statistically significant increase (at least P < 0.05) in the total polyphenols and Cd contents in all investigated parts of the plant. Statistically significant differences (at least P < 0.05) of the total polyphenols and Cd contents among barley roots, shoots, and leaf blades were found.
Keywords: barley, roots, shoots, leaf blades, polyphenols, Cd-stress effect
Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment
Pages: 471-477
Volume: 50
Issue: 11
Year: 2004
DOI: 10.17221/4060-PSE
File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4060-PSE.html
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Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:50:y:2004:i:11:id:4060-PSE

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: P. Kovář
Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic
Author-Name: P. Cudlín
Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic
Author-Name: J. Šafář
Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic
Title: Simulation of hydrological balance on experimental catchments Všeminka and Dřevnice in the extreme periods 1992 and 1997
Abstract: Hydrological research on the Všeminka and Dřevnice experimental catchments has been carried out for almost ten years. Earlier analyses on these catchments have provided many partial results in the assessment of land use on water regime and also some analysis of extreme hydrological event conditions. This paper gives attention to identification of extreme hydrological periods (i.e floods and droughts) and to the simulation of events when these catchments are in that time impacted by the torrential rainfall of design character with the periodicity P = 0.01 (N = 100 years). This is the core of the paper focusing on the analyses of extreme summer periods in 1992 (dry season) and 1997 (flood season). These 50-day periods were first reconstructed in their real existing situations with a particular reference to compute the main components of water balance. This reconstruction was implemented by the WBCM model using the parameter values derived from the optimalisation process of some annual vegetation periods in the past. These parameter values were used to simulate both extreme situations when the design rainfall impacted the experimental catchments. In the dry period of 1992, the design rainfall of 100-years caused the direct runoff increase on Všeminka for 13%, on Dřevnice for 32%. In the flood period of 1997 this increment of direct runoff should achieve 52% on Všeminka and even 93% of the existing situation on the Dřevnice catchment. The differences between two experimental catchments are caused by the different retention capacities of their active zones.
Keywords: water balance, rainfall-runoff processes, hydrological models, hydrological extremes, scenario simulations, floods, drought
Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment
Pages: 478-483
Volume: 50
Issue: 11
Year: 2004
DOI: 10.17221/4061-PSE
File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4061-PSE.html
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Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:50:y:2004:i:11:id:4061-PSE

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: T. Lošák
Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry in Brno, Czech Republic
Author-Name: R. Richter
Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry in Brno, Czech Republic
Title: Split nitrogen doses and their efficiency in poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) nutrition
Abstract: The efficiency of partial doses of nitrogen applied to poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) plants, cv. Opál, was followed in a pot experiment. The ammonium nitrate was applied either in a single dose at the beginning of growing season or in two split doses with the second application at the stage of flowering. With the increasing dose of nitrogen the number of capsules per a plant during the harvest and their volume increased irregularly. The separated application of an optimum dose of N (i.e.0.9 g N/pot) showed a statistically highly significant positive effect on the yield of poppy seeds compared to the same single dose of N made this figure increased by 25.6%. The morphine content in the capsules increased with the increasing supply of N from 0.85 to 1.01%. The term of nitrogen application influenced the number of capsules per a plant and their volume and morphine content irregularly.
Keywords: poppy, nitrogen, split application, seed, yield, morphine
Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment
Pages: 484-488
Volume: 50
Issue: 11
Year: 2004
DOI: 10.17221/4062-PSE
File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4062-PSE.html
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Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:50:y:2004:i:11:id:4062-PSE

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: O. Faměra
Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic
Author-Name: M. Hrušková
Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic
Author-Name: D. Novotná
Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic
Title: Evaluation of methods for wheat grain hardness determination
Abstract: Grain hardness of winter wheat cultivars was evaluated during 1997-2001 using several methods: wheat hardness index WHI (DO-Corder Brabender), 0.140 mmsieve threw ratio PPS (DO-Corder Brabender), grain hardness by NIR (Inframatic 8611 Perten), particle size index PSI (LM 3303 Perten). All tested methods showed varietal (genetic) origin of grain hardness trait and it is possible to use these methods for grain hardness determination. NIR method have had the lowest coefficient of variation (12.6%), WHI and PSI coefficient of variation was 32.8 and 30.6%, respectively. A significant influence of year-class was found only for PPS method. A high value of correlation coefficient was found between methods: WHI × NIR (r = 0.84), WHI × PPS (r = -0.79), and NIR × PPS (r = 0.74). During 2000-2001 was correlation coefficient r = -0.93 for PSI × NIR. The coefficient of variation for PSI method was 28.5%.
Keywords: wheat, grain hardness, methods
Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment
Pages: 489-493
Volume: 50
Issue: 11
Year: 2004
DOI: 10.17221/4063-PSE
File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4063-PSE.html
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Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:50:y:2004:i:11:id:4063-PSE

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: F. Önemli
Author-Workplace-Name: Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty, Trakya University, Tekirdag, Turkey
Title: The effects of soil organic matter on seedling emergence in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)
Abstract: Seedling emergence is one of the most important factors in the establishment of optimum plant density for a maximum yield. Seed quality and seedbed conditions affect seedling emergence. Seedbed condition is affected by soil content, especially soil organic matter. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the effects of soil organic matter on germination and seedling emergence of three hybrid sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) cultivars. This research was conducted in 2000 and2001 in field and glasshouse conditions. Perlite and 20 soils with different organic matter contents were used as seedbed conditions. Soil organic matter, environment, and soil organic matter × environment factors had significant effects on seedling emergence. Decreasing soil organic matter content resulted in a decrease of seedling emergence due to the decreases in water content of the soil. This effect was clearer in adverse environmental conditions, especially in the soils with less than 2% organic matter.
Keywords: sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), seedling emergence, soil organic matter, water content
Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment
Pages: 494-499
Volume: 50
Issue: 11
Year: 2004
DOI: 10.17221/4064-PSE
File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4064-PSE.html
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Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:50:y:2004:i:11:id:4064-PSE

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: P. Sobkowicz
Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural University of Wroclaw, Poland
Author-Name: R. Śniady
Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural University of Wroclaw, Poland
Title: Nitrogen uptake and its efficiency in triticale (Triticosecale Witt.) - field beans (Vicia faba var. minor L.) intercrop
Abstract: A field experiment of split-plot design was conducted in 1999 and 2000 on light soil to study the effect of different levels of mineral nitrogen fertilization: 0, 25 and50 kgN/ha on dry matter yield, N uptake and N efficiency indices of spring triticale and field beans grown in pure stands and in intercrop. The intercrop was composed using half of the seeding densities from pure stands. Intercropping increased protein content in grain and plant biomass of triticale irrespective of N input. Increasing N rate from 0 to 25 kg/ha increased plant biomass yield of triticale and intercrop. Nitrogen uptake with grain and biomass of intercrop was significantly higher than by sole crops showing partial complementarity in N use by intercropped species despite strong dominance of triticale over field beans. The higher the N fertilizer rate, the lower was the gain from intercropping mainly due to increased suppression of field beans by triticale. Agronomic efficiency was similar for triticale and intercrop but it was significantly smaller for field beans indicating there were other limited resources hampering growth of the legume.
Keywords: intercrop, nitrogen fertilization, triticale, field beans
Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment
Pages: 500-506
Volume: 50
Issue: 11
Year: 2004
DOI: 10.17221/4065-PSE
File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4065-PSE.html
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: L. Brodský
Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic
Author-Name: V. Vaněk
Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic
Author-Name: L. Borůvka
Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic
Author-Name: J. Száková
Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic
Title: Consistency of spatial dependence of soil chemical properties in two fields: a geostatistical study
Abstract: This study examined consistency of spatial variation of plant-available soil nutrients P, K, Mg and soil pH in two fields of an area of 54 and67.5 ha(haplic Luvisol and luvic Chernozem) in the region of Český Brod (Central Bohemia). Computed variograms showed a spatial dependence extending to150 mon an average with small fluctuations for most analysed data sets. These results of two different fields indicate that soil spatial variation is rather a general feature than specific to every field. However, soil available Mg in one field showed a shorter-range (89 m) and soil pH in the other showed considerably longer-range (375 m). Consistency of spatial variation features makes it possible to construct regional average and proportional variograms with great precision. This can bring further practical opportunities.
Keywords: soil properties, spatial variation, geostatistics, variogram, spatial dependence
Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment
Pages: 507-512
Volume: 50
Issue: 11
Year: 2004
DOI: 10.17221/4066-PSE
File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4066-PSE.html
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:50:y:2004:i:11:id:4066-PSE