Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Orak Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Field Crops, Tekirdag Agriculture Faculty, Trakya University, Turkey Author-Name: E. Ateş Author-Workplace-Name: Plant Breeding Application and Research Centre, Trakya University, Tekirdag, Turkey Title: Resistance to salinity stress and available water levels at the seedling stage of the common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) Abstract: This research was carried out in the Field Crop Department, Tekirda Agriculture Faculty, and Plant Breeding Application and Research Centre, Trakya University, Turkey. The response of common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) seedlings to salt and available water level tolerance were compared for its water retention capability and the dry matter of shoots, root and shoot weights after 2 h incubation at 30°C and 1 h incubation at 105°C under the conditions of absence, as well as the presence of various levels of salinity and available water. Germination was not affected by the salinity and available water treatments. 1.35 dS/m salinity water treatment resulted in increasing the fresh weights of its shoot (1.179 g) and root (0.580 g), weights after 2 h incubation at 30°C (shoot: 0.0456 and root: 0.0325 g) and 1 h incubation at 105°C (shoot: 0.0104 g and root: 0.0073 g), water retention capability (0.0123 g) and dry matter (0.0236 g) of the shoot in seedlings. The highest fresh weight (root: 0.567 g and shoot: 1.113 g) and water retention capability (0.0112 g) were determined from capacity of the field. Keywords: water retention capability, fresh weight, dry matter, shoot, root, seedling Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 51-56 Volume: 51 Issue: 2 Year: 2005 DOI: 10.17221/3555-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3555-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200502-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:51:y:2005:i:2:id:3555-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. Ünyayar Author-Workplace-Name: Art and Science Faculty, University of Mersin, Turkey Author-Name: Y. Keleş Author-Workplace-Name: Education Faculty, University of Mersin, Turkey Author-Name: F.Ö. Çekiç Author-Workplace-Name: Art and Science Faculty, University of Mersin, Turkey Title: The antioxidative response of two tomato species with different drought tolerances as a result of drought and cadmium stress combinations Abstract: The effects of drought, cadmium (Cd) and drought-Cd combinations on antioxidant compounds, antioxidant enzymes and shoot growth were investigated for drought tolerant [Lycopersicon peruvianum (L.) Mill.] and sensitive of (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Lukullus) tomato species. Drought-Cd combinations significantly decreased shoot growth in both species (P < 0.01), drought stress also decreased shoot growth in drought sensitive L. esculentum. Cd was accumulated higher in the roots of drought sensitive L. esculentum than drought tolerant L. peruvianum. The chlorophyll contents decreased in all stress treatments in L. esculentum but did not change in L. peruvianum. Carotenoid contents significantly increased in all stress treatments in both species (P < 0.01). Significant increases in the contents of carotenoids in both species under stress conditions seemed to be associated with a protective role against reactive oxygen species (ROS). Ascorbate (ASC) content decreased during drought stress while increased under Cd stress. Catalase (CAT) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities significantly increased under drought stress in L. peruvianum while decreased in L. esculentum (P < 0.001). Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity decreased under all stress treatments in both species. Drought and Cd stresses increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in both species. The present data did not show a relation between drought tolerance and levels of antioxidative defence system that was induced from Cd. However, there is a clear relationship between Cd uptake and drought tolerance of plants. Keywords: ascorbate, cadmium, drought, carotenoids, catalase, glutathione reductase, ascorbate peroxidase, superoxide dismutase Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 57-64 Volume: 51 Issue: 2 Year: 2005 DOI: 10.17221/3556-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3556-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200502-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:51:y:2005:i:2:id:3556-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Melounová Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Vejl Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Sedlák Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Blažek Author-Workplace-Name: Research and Breeding Institute of Pomology, Holovousy, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Zoufalá Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Z. Milec Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: H. Blažková Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Title: Alleles controlling apple skin colour and incompatibility in new Czech apple varieties with different degrees of resistance against Venturia inaequalis CKE. Abstract: The skin colour of 21 varieties was assessed on a molecular level. Four varieties had yellow skin colour with the genotype constitution a1a1, a1a2 or a2a2. Seventeen varieties had dominant red colour. Homozygous A1A1 constitution was present in 7 varieties, and heterozygous constitution A1a1 or A1a2 was found in the rest of the assessed varieties. The S-alleles controlled the incompatibility system of the pistil. Their detection is possible by means of the PCR method on the basis of allele specific primers. Six S-alleles (S1, S2, S3, S5, S7 and S9) were studied in the same collection of 21 diploid Czech varieties. This paper brings new findings on S-allele characterization, because the Czech varieties have not yet been studied on a molecular level. Both types of S-allele were found in 12 varieties. Only one type of S-allele was described in 9 varieties. Simultaneously, the presence of the Vf gene was screened in the collection of 21 Czech apple varieties. Ten varieties with a field resistance against the scab had a heterozygous constitution of the Vf gene. All 11 susceptible varieties were recessive homozygous vfvf. Keywords: Malus, PCR, Vf gene, incompatibility, S-allele, skin colour, A-allele Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 65-73 Volume: 51 Issue: 2 Year: 2005 DOI: 10.17221/3557-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3557-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200502-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:51:y:2005:i:2:id:3557-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Domkářová Author-Workplace-Name: Potato Research Institute, Havlíčkův Brod, Česká republika Author-Name: B. Vokál Author-Workplace-Name: Potato Research Institute, Havlíčkův Brod, Česká republika Title: The evaluation method of potato genotype resistance to blackspot bruise Abstract: In 2001-2003 a method for the evaluation of potato genotype (genetic resource) resistance to blackspot bruise was verified. Thirty tubers of 25 varieties and hybrids of Solanum tuberosum L. were evaluated using electronic pendulum MIDAS 88P. The analysis of variance showed a significant difference among the individual varieties and hybrids and among years as well. An evaluation scale was established for the assessment of potato genotype (genetic resource) resistance to blackspot bruise. Varieties and hybrids were included in the new designed evaluation scale in scores of 7 (high resistance) up to 9 (very high resistance), which could be regarded as suitable genetic resources in breeding for the improvement of this character. From the evaluated set, the suitable varieties are: Carmona, Agria, Annabelle, Futura, Impala, Adora, Granola and Inova and the suitable hybrids: YP 91-123 and VDW 94-76. Keywords: potato, Solanum tuberosum L., blackspot bruise, pendulum, potato genotypes, potato genetic res Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 74-81 Volume: 51 Issue: 2 Year: 2005 DOI: 10.17221/3558-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3558-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200502-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:51:y:2005:i:2:id:3558-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Sedlák Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Vejl Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Melounová Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Křenek Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Domkářová Author-Workplace-Name: Potato Research Institute, Havlíčkův Brod, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Zoufalá Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Title: Characterisation of resistance genes resources against late blight available for Czech potato breeding by means of selected DNA markers Abstract: Marker assisted selection (MAS) in potato breeding is the most developing area at present time. Methods of DNA markers are developed in all top world potato research institutes and universities oriented on plant production. This paper presents results obtained from the testing of gene resources encompassing different resistance genes against Phytophthora infestans potentially exploitable for Czech potato breeding. Three different DNA markers were studied that are linked to R1 locus in the potato chromosome V operating as a resistance against some races of P. infestans. Markering capability and frequencies of these markers was evaluated with respect to their usage in practical Czech plant breeding that has vital importance in finding the tools as a prerequisite for creating new varieties efficiently. Keywords: Solanum tuberosum L., potato resistance breeding, gene resources, Phytophthora infestans, marker-assisted selection, DNA markers Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 82-86 Volume: 51 Issue: 2 Year: 2005 DOI: 10.17221/3559-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3559-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200502-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:51:y:2005:i:2:id:3559-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: D. Nedeva Author-Workplace-Name: Acad. M. Popov Institute of Plant Physiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria Author-Name: S. Petkova Author-Workplace-Name: Acad. M. Popov Institute of Plant Physiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria Author-Name: Y. Angelova Author-Workplace-Name: Acad. M. Popov Institute of Plant Physiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria Author-Name: L. Iliev Author-Workplace-Name: Acad. M. Popov Institute of Plant Physiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria Title: The effect of plant growth regulators and chlorsulfuron on electrophoretic profiles of soluble proteins, polypeptides and antioxidant enzymes in maize seedlings Abstract: Investigations were carried out with maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings. The effect of chlorsulfuron (CHF) on the electrophoretic profiles of the total and thermostable proteins, polypeptides and some antioxidant enzymes was compared to the effect of abscisic acid (ABA), benzylaminopurine (BAP) and N1-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N2-phenylurea (4PU-30) applied in concentrations that inhibit the growth of seedlings. It was established that the effect of CHF on seedling growth as well as on the studied biochemical parameters was most significant. The reduction of growth by CHF was accompanied by a significant decrease in the quantity of main proteins and specific qualitative changes in the electrophoretic patterns for coleoptiles. The appearance of a new native protein with Rm 0.22 and polypeptide with MW 67 kDa was demonstrated. Some similarity of the effect on protein band with Rm value 0.22 was observed under the influence of 4PU-30 as well. In the endosperm the effect of CHF was manifested as a delay of degradation. CHF and 4PU-30 influenced the activity of basic peroxidases in the opposite manner. The strong inhibiting effect of both cytokinins BAP and 4PU-30 on the activity of slow migrating superoxide dismutase (SOD) isoenzymes was observed. Each of the tested substances shows a differential effect on the proteins and antioxidant enzymes, despite the fact that all of them were applied at concentrations that inhibit the growth of seedlings. Keywords: abscisic acid, benzylaminopurine, catalase, chlorsulfuron, maize, peroxidase, proteins, N1-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N2-phenylurea, superoxidedismutase Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 87-93 Volume: 51 Issue: 2 Year: 2005 DOI: 10.17221/3560-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3560-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200502-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:51:y:2005:i:2:id:3560-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S.D. Stoneberg Holt Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Sciences, Masaryk University in Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Horová Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Sciences, Masaryk University in Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Bureš Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Sciences, Masaryk University in Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Janeček Author-Workplace-Name: Plant Breeding Station Hladké Životice, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Černoch Author-Workplace-Name: Plant Breeding Station Hladké Životice, Czech Republic Title: The trnL-F plastid DNA characters of three Poa pratensis (Kentucky bluegrass) varieties Abstract: The characterization of crop cultivars (varieties) will come to depend increasingly on molecular characters in addition to traditional morphological and agronomic characters. Three cultivars of Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.), developed by the Plant Breeding Station Hladké Životice (PBHŽ), were characterized using sequences and PCR-RFLP (Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) patterns from the non-coding plastid trnL-F region (trnL intron, 549 bp, and trnL-trnF intergenic spacer [IGS], 344 to 364 bp). These characters could be readily and repeatably determined not only for mature plants, but also for seedlings (less than 12 weeks old), which are difficult to distinguish morphologically. The method is quick and sensitive. When restricted with a combination of BsaJ I and Bsm I, cultivar Slezanka has one major band, Moravanka has two, and Harmonie has three. When restricted with Alu I, the heaviest band migrates most slowly for Slezanka. It is expected that many Kentucky bluegrass cultivars will share the same trnL-F sequence, so these characters alone are not sufficient for variety identification. Keywords: cultivar characterization, Harmonie, Moravanka, non-coding plastid DNA sequence, Slezanka, trnL intron, trnL-trnF intergenic spacer, turf grass Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 94-99 Volume: 51 Issue: 2 Year: 2005 DOI: 10.17221/3561-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3561-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200502-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:51:y:2005:i:2:id:3561-PSE