Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Kučerová Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry in Brno, Czech Republic Title: The effect of sites and years on the technological quality of winter wheat grain Abstract: The results of three-year trials (1999 to 2001) conducted with six winter wheat varieties in which was investigated the effect of sites, years and varieties on the final grain yield and technological quality showed statistically significant differences (LSD, 95%) among sites in grain yield and these parameters of quality: test volume mass, wet gluten content, sedimentation test, protein content, falling number and flour water absorption capacity. As to the quality, the Žatec site showed itself as generally most suitable, and the Jaroměřice site as the least suitable one. Climate conditions showed a statistically significant effect (LSD, 95%) on grain yield and all quality parameters, beside the percentage of complete grains and swelling capacity of gluten and falling number, which were insignificant. The most favourable weather conditions, a lot of precipitation and high temperature in the course of ripening from three years were proved in the year 2000. Among the varieties were statistically significant differences (LSD, 95%) in grain yield and these parameters of quality: test volume mass, thousand grain weight, ash content, percentage of complete grains, sedimentation test, protein content, reologic properties of dough and baking tests. From the six varieties the best profits were shown from variety Sulamit (loaf volume 595 ml/100 g of flour), the worst was Semper (loaf volume 543 ml/100 g of flour) and Vlasta (loaf volume 532 ml/100 g of flour). The best grain yield was in 2001 (average of sites 8.84 t/ha) and the variety Semper had the highest grain yield of 9.17 t/ha, that is higher at 13.41% compared with Sulamit (7.94 t/ha). Keywords: winter wheat, sites, varieties, technological quality Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 101-109 Volume: 51 Issue: 3 Year: 2005 DOI: 10.17221/3562-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3562-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200503-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:51:y:2005:i:3:id:3562-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: H. Merdun Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü Imam University, Turkey Author-Name: V.L. Quisenberry Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, Clemson University, USA Title: Evaluation of MACRO model by short-term water and solute transport simulation in Maury silt loam soil Abstract: Modeling preferential flow has been a concern of many academic fields in the past 30 years all over the world and helps to prevent groundwater contamination. A dual-porosity model, MACRO, was evaluated for short-term (less than 2 days) simulation of water flow and non-reactive solute (chloride) transport through the profile of six plots in well-structured Maury silt loam soil. Water flow in micropores is calculated by the Richards' equation while simple gravity flow is assumed in the macropores. Solute transport in the micropores is calculated by the convection-dispersion equation (CDE) while the dispersion and diffusion in the CDE is neglected for the solute transport in the macropores. The applied water and chloride reached the bottom of the profile during the 2 and 1-hour(s) application periods in studies 2 and 3, respectively. There is a strong indication of macropore flow in this soil. Based on the statistical criteria, the model accurately simulated water flow and solute transport with depth and time in all plots. The mean values of three statistical parameters (coefficient of residual mass, model efficiency, and correlation coefficient) for water and chloride transport were -0.0014, 0.791, 0.903 and 0.0333, 0.923, 0.956, respectively. Preliminary studies showed that the model could not simulate flow and transport well enough with the one-domain flow concept. In the two-domain flow, effective diffusion path-length, boundary hydraulic conductivity, and boundary soil water pressure were the three most important parameters that control flow and transport between the two domains. The effective diffusion path-length represented the structural development with depth in the Maury silt loam soil. Keywords: MACRO, macropore flow, modelling, solute transport, structured soil, two-domain Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 110-123 Volume: 51 Issue: 3 Year: 2005 DOI: 10.17221/3563-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3563-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200503-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:51:y:2005:i:3:id:3563-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: K. Kováč Author-Workplace-Name: Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Slovakia Author-Name: M. Macák Author-Workplace-Name: Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Slovakia Author-Name: M. Švančárková Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Plant Production, Piešťany, Slovakia Title: The effect of soil conservation tillage on soil moisture dynamics under single cropping and crop rotation Abstract: During 1993-1995 the effect of conventional tillage, reduced till, mulch till and no-till technology on soil moisture dynamics has been studied in field experiment on Haplic chernozems near Piešťany. The tillage treatments were evaluated under a single cropping of maize and spring barley - common peas - winter wheat crop rotation. Soil samples for gravimetric determination of moisture content were collected from six layers up to 0.8 m, three times per year (April-July). The soil moisture was highly significantly influenced in order of importance by date of sampling, year, growing crops, tillage treatments, soil layer and by interactions year × crops, year × date of sampling, crops × date of sampling, tillage × date of sampling, year × tillage, date of sampling × layer and significant influences by interactions, tillage × crops. The soil under conventional tillage had significantly higher moisture content than tested reduced till, mulch till and no-till treatments. The significant influence of maize stand on better soil humidity condition (16.35%) in comparison to crops grown in a crop rotation (in average 14.10%) has been ascertained. Keywords: tillage, soil moisture dynamics, crop rotation, maize, spring barley, common peas, winter wheat Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 124-130 Volume: 51 Issue: 3 Year: 2005 DOI: 10.17221/3564-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3564-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200503-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:51:y:2005:i:3:id:3564-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: W. Opitz Von Boberfeld Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Giessen, Germany Author-Name: E. Beckmann Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Giessen, Germany Author-Name: H. Laser Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Giessen, Germany Title: Forage characteristics of Vicia sativa L. and Trifolium resupinatum L. in catch crop systems under Central European conditions Abstract: In a field experiment the development of dry matter yield and forage quality of the catch crop Vicia sativa L. compared with Trifolium resupinatum L. was investigated and the suitability for cultivation in a mixture with Lolium multiflorum ssp. gaudinii (Parl.) Schinz et Keller was tested. The legumes and mixtures sowed in early July or August, respectively, were harvested at different dates from early September until late October/early November. The sowing date had the greatest impact on dry matter yield, crude protein content and net energy for lactation (= NEL). Vicia sativa yielded more dry matter than Trifolium resupinatum, especially at low temperatures and under short-day conditions. At late sowing Vicia sativa should be preferred to Trifolium resupinatum due to a better stability of yield. Vicia sativa had a higher crude protein content but a lower NEL than Trifolium resupinatum. In a mixture with Lolium multiflorum the differences in energy concentration between late sowed legumes were less distinct. In view of NEL, Trifolium resupinatum is superior at early sowing, whereas late sowed mixtures of Vicia sativa and Lolium multiflorum might enable it to feed fresh forage of acceptable quality until early November and in that way to save it for winter feeding and eliminate expensive sources of crude protein. Keywords: sowing date, harvest date, forage quality, yield, cold autumn Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 131-136 Volume: 51 Issue: 3 Year: 2005 DOI: 10.17221/3565-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3565-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200503-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:51:y:2005:i:3:id:3565-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: D. ZABLECKIENÉ Author-Workplace-Name: Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture, Kaltinenai, Lithuania Author-Name: B. BUTKUTÉ Author-Workplace-Name: Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture, Kaltinenai, Lithuania Title: Conservation effects on the botanical composition of grass swards in the hilly soils of West Lithuania Abstract: Four conservation methods were compared on grassland unused for 30 years: 1. control (unused grassland); 2. one cut, herbage mass was spread for mulch; 3. one cut, herbage mass was removed; 4. two cuts, herbage mass were removed. Experiments were carried out during 1996-2000 at the Kaltinenai Research Station of the Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture in a hilly region of the Zemaiciai Uplands of West Lithuania, on a hilltop and hill slope. During the experimental period an increase in the number of shoots of each botanical group (grasses, legumes and forbs) were identified in all treatments. The highest increase in the total number of grass shoots was characteristic of the controlled treatment on both parts of the hill. At the end of the conservation period, 38 herb species were identified in the trial. Treatments 1 and 2 were richer in floristic diversity (27-33 species) compared with treatments 3 and 4 (20-25 species). The treatments on the hill slope had a more diverse species composition than those on the hilltop. During the grassland conservation period the content of legumes in the herbage mass increased from 0 to 27.7% in the swards where cut herbage was removed. Keywords: grassland conservation, botanical composition, species diversity, number of shoots Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 137-143 Volume: 51 Issue: 3 Year: 2005 DOI: 10.17221/3566-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3566-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200503-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:51:y:2005:i:3:id:3566-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Příkopa Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry in Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: R. Richter Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry in Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Zimolka Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry in Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: R. Cerkal Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry in Brno, Czech Republic Title: The influence of the year, fore-crops and fertilisation on yield and content of crude protein in spring barley Abstract: In the years 2001-2003 in field trials we studied the effects of the conditions of year, fore-crops (winter wheat, sugarbeet, grain maize) and optimalization of the nutritional status on the yield and crude protein content in the grain of spring barley. From the analysis of the plants we can see that dry matter production and nutrient concentration in the plants were influenced by the conditions of the year and the fore-crop. After sugar beet, the growth of the dry matter was intensive and the concentrations of nutrients per one plant were higher as early as in the initial stages of vegetation. The yields in the years 2001 and 2002 corresponded with these results while the highest yields were seen after the sugar beet. Due to the extreme lack of precipitation, the best fore-crop in 2003 was maize. While the dose of 50 kg N/ha increased the yields after maize, after wheat it reduced the yields and increased the crude protein content in the grain. Keywords: spring barley, fertilisation, chemical analyses of plants, fore-crop, yield, crude protein Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 144-150 Volume: 51 Issue: 3 Year: 2005 DOI: 10.17221/3567-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3567-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200503-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:51:y:2005:i:3:id:3567-PSE