Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Liu Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biological Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China Author-Workplace-Name: Environmental Engineering Research Centre, Queens University Belfast, UK Author-Name: Y.S. Yang Author-Workplace-Name: Environmental Engineering Research Centre, Queens University Belfast, UK Author-Name: G.D. XU Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biological Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China Author-Name: Y.H. Fang Author-Workplace-Name: Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China Author-Name: Y.A. Yang Author-Workplace-Name: Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China Author-Name: R.M. Kalin Author-Workplace-Name: Environmental Engineering Research Centre, Queens University Belfast, UK Title: The effect of molybdenum and boron in soil on the growth and photosynthesis of three soybean varieties Abstract: This paper presents a study on growth and photosynthesis response of soybean to Mo and/or B in soil. Pot experiments were set up to examine the effect of Mo and/or B on growth and photosynthesis of three soybean varieties with four treatments (control, +Mo, +B, +[Mo + B]) at various growth stages. The study showed that Mo and/or B increased main length, system volume and dry weight of the roots, aboveground biomass, leaves' photosynthesis rate of soybean. The variation and interaction between Mo and B in soil was explored with regard to their impact on soybean growth and photosynthesis. There were some dissimilarity in growth and photosynthesis in the plants between the supplements of Mo and B in the soil, and the interrelation between Mo and B in plant and was co-supplementary to each other. Therefore, growth and photosynthesis of the soybean with Mo and B treatments were much more improved than those with Mo or B alone. Besides, some genotypic variation was found in three soybean varieties, in which Zhechun III was the most sensitive and 3811 the most tolerant plant to Mo and B. Keywords: main length of roots, system volume of roots, dry weight of roots, leaf area, aboveground biomass, photosynthesis ra Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 197-205 Volume: 51 Issue: 5 Year: 2005 DOI: 10.17221/3574-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3574-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200505-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:51:y:2005:i:5:id:3574-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: K. Kosová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: D. Haisel Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: I. Tichá Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic Title: Photosynthetic performance of two maize genotypes as affected by chilling stress Abstract: The effect of chilling on light dependence of photosynthetic and chlorophyll a fluorescence characteristics in two maize genotypes CE 704 and CE 810 grown in a glasshouse during spring and autumn was studied. In spring, the net photosynthetic rate (PN) of CE 704 plants was not affected by chilling under moderate irradiance but it was strongly affected under a saturating one. This indicates that efficiency of photosynthetic apparatus was not affected by chilling but its capacity was decreased. Contrary to CE 704, CE 810 plants were not affected by chilling under saturating irradiance. In autumn, CE 704 plants adapted to chilling and no statistically significant differencies in PN and Fv/Fm between chilled and control plants in the whole range of irradiance were found. Enhanced activity of non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) in chilled CE 704 plants under saturating irradiance corresponded with an increased level of xanthophyll cycle pigments and an increased deepoxidation state of these pigments. Keywords: maize (Zea mays L.), genotype, chilling, light dependence of photosynthetic characteristics, net photosynthetic rate (PN), chlorophyll a fluorescence, photosynthetic pigments, growth Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 206-212 Volume: 51 Issue: 5 Year: 2005 DOI: 10.17221/3575-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3575-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200505-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:51:y:2005:i:5:id:3575-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: V.O. Lopes De Gerenyu Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems of Soil Science, RAS, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia Author-Name: I.N. Kurganova Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems of Soil Science, RAS, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia Author-Name: L.N. Rozanova Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems of Soil Science, RAS, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia Author-Name: V.N. Kudeyarov Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems of Soil Science, RAS, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia Title: Effect of temperature and moisture on O2 evolution rate of cultivated Phaeozem: analyses of a long-term field experiment Abstract: Soil temperature and moisture are the main ecological factors regulating the processes of production and emission of CO2 from soil surface. The CO2 evolution rate from cultivated clay Phaeozem (Russia, Moscow region; 54°50'N, 37°35'E) were studied under field conditions from November 1997 to October 2002. The daily mean CO2 evolution rate varied widely - from 0.9 to 246 mg C/m2/h. The total annual CO2 flux from cultivated Phaeozem averaged 352 ± 148 g C/m2/yr, the interannual variability amounted to 42%. We found significant linear trends (R = 0.46-0.55, P < 0.001) reflecting the relationship between CO2 emission and soil temperature through the whole observation period and during spring and autumn seasons as well. The exponential equations described these relationships for the same periods more adequately than the simple linear equations (R = 0.62-0.68, P < 0.01). The temperature coefficient Q10 comprised 2.3 (for the whole data set) and was essentially higher 3.2-3.6 during the spring and autumn. The correlation between CO2 evolution rate and soil moisture was insignificant for the whole period, winter, spring and autumn seasons as well. During the summer, correlation between CO2 evolution rate and soil moisture was positive and very close (R = 0.74, P < 0.001), indicating that the soil moisture content was a main factor limitative the rate of CO2 emission from soil for this period. Keywords: CO2 evolution rate, annual and seasonal CO2 flux, cultivated Phaeozem, temperature dependence, Q10, effect of soil moisture Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 213-219 Volume: 51 Issue: 5 Year: 2005 DOI: 10.17221/3576-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3576-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200505-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:51:y:2005:i:5:id:3576-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: L. Tamás Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia Author-Name: J. Huttová Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia Author-Name: I. Mistrík Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia Author-Name: M. Šimonovičová Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia Author-Name: B. Široká Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia Title: Aluminium induced esterase activity and isozyme pattern in barley root tip Abstract: Changes in the activity of esterase as well as changes in the viability of root cells and some growth parameters were analysed during cultivation of barley seedlings in the artificial substrate under Al stress conditions. Aluminium-induced elevated esterase activity correlated with Al uptake, root growth inhibition and increased Evans blue uptake in the barley root tips. Analysis of isozyme pattern of esterase revealed one anodic and one cathodic esterase isozyme induced by Al-treatment. The possible role of elevated esterase activity during Al stress is discussed. Keywords: aluminium uptake, cell death, esterase activity, isoesterases Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 220-225 Volume: 51 Issue: 5 Year: 2005 DOI: 10.17221/3577-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3577-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200505-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:51:y:2005:i:5:id:3577-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: R. Jabłońska-Ceglarek Author-Workplace-Name: University of Podlasie, Siedlce, Poland Author-Name: W. Wadas Author-Workplace-Name: University of Podlasie, Siedlce, Poland Title: Effect of nonwoven polypropylene covers on early tuber yield of potato crops Abstract: In this six-year research study the effect of nonwoven polypropylene covering on the quantity and quality of early potato yield was estimated. The use of nonwoven polypropylene covers resulted in an increase in the tuber yield and smaller yield variability in the various years, when compared with the traditional cultivation, especially at a very early date of potato harvest. In the cultivation with nonwoven polypropylene covering, the marketable tuber yield 60 days after planting was higher by 23.34% on average and 75 days after planting by 10.92% in the six-year period of the study, compared with the cultivation with no plant covering. The higher profitable effect of covering was obtained in the years with cold spring. The cultivation method of the potato did not affect the chemical composition of the tubers harvested after 60 days from planting. After 75 days from planting the tubers of potato cultivated under nonwoven polypropylene covers contained, on average, more dry matter and starch by 0.81% and 0.85%, respectively. Keywords: early potato, nonwoven polypropylene cover, yield, tuber quality Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 226-231 Volume: 51 Issue: 5 Year: 2005 DOI: 10.17221/3578-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3578-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200505-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:51:y:2005:i:5:id:3578-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Pytlarz-Kozicka Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Crop Production, Agricultural University of Wroclaw, Poland Title: The effect of nitrogen fertilization and anti-fungal plant protection on sugar beet yielding Abstract: Sugar beet yielding and, thus, the profitability of its cultivation depends on various conditions. These are mainly a dose of nitrogen fertilizing and anti-fungal plant protection. Based on the research carried out in a private-owned farm in Biała commune, Opole province, Poland, it was observed that the most important factors influencing plant development and root yield of sugar beets (var. Kassandra and Cortina) were genetic features of the investigated varieties and fungal control. They increased considerably root yield and sugar content. The doubled nitrogen dose from 90 to 180 kg N/ha enhanced a slight, statistically insignificant, root yield increase and a lower sugar content in beet roots. The three-year research showed that weather conditions during the vegetation period had a decisive effect on sugar beet plants development and fungal infestation. The variety Cortina was characterized with a significantly higher yield and a higher content of treacle forming compounds in the roots. The increase of N rate from 90 to 180 kg N/ha caused a significant increase of average root mass, leaves and dry matter yield and potassium and N-NH2 in roots, but it also lowered sugar content. In the years with favorable conditions for fungal infestation, the use of fungicides helped to obtain a higher leaf/root ratio, higher root mass, higher root and leaf yield and higher dry matter and sugar yields. However, it did not have an effect on the content of chemical compounds producing treacle in sugar beet roots. Keywords: sugar beet, nitrogen fertilization, anti-fungal plant protection, variety Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 232-236 Volume: 51 Issue: 5 Year: 2005 DOI: 10.17221/3579-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3579-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200505-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:51:y:2005:i:5:id:3579-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: E. Kirova Author-Workplace-Name: Acad. M. Popov Institute of Plant Physiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria Author-Name: D. Nedeva Author-Workplace-Name: Acad. M. Popov Institute of Plant Physiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria Author-Name: A. Nikolova Author-Workplace-Name: Acad. M. Popov Institute of Plant Physiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria Author-Name: G. Ignatov Author-Workplace-Name: Acad. M. Popov Institute of Plant Physiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria Title: Changes in the biomass production and total soluble protein spectra of nitrate-fed and nitrogen-fixing soybeans subjected to gradual water stress Abstract: The effect of the sources of nitrogen nutrition (nitrogen fixation or nitrate assimilation) and a gradual water stress on the relative water content, total fresh and dry biomass production, leaf growth, and changes in the total soluble protein spectra were studied. The plants were cultivated as soil cultures in a naturally illuminated greenhouse. Comparative studies were carried out with respect to well-watered, control plants. Nitrogen-fixing control and drought plants had relatively smaller root development but better relative water content and large leaf area on the last sampling day than nitrate-fed soybean plants. Water deficit effects on plant biomass at the end of the period studied (21 days) were independent on the nitrogen source. There was no qualitative difference in the total soluble protein spectra of nitratefed and nitrogen-fixing soybean leaves neither with the progress of development nor under drought conditions. But there was a difference in response to drought in termostable proteins of nitrate-fed and nitrogen-fixing plants. The quantity of termostable proteins in inoculated control plants was lower in some degree compared to uninoculated ones. In inoculated plants the water stress caused an increase in the amount of soluble termostable proteins Keywords: nitrogen sources, Glycine max L., water stress, biomass production, leaf area, relative water content, soluble protein spectra, termostable proteins Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 237-242 Volume: 51 Issue: 5 Year: 2005 DOI: 10.17221/3580-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3580-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200505-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:51:y:2005:i:5:id:3580-PSE