Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Lachman Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: K. Hamouz Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Dvořák Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Orsák Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Title: The effect of selected factors on the content of protein and nitrates in potato tubers Abstract: The aim of the study was to determine the effect of region, variety, year and ecological and conventional way of cultivation on the content of total protein and nitrates in potato tubers in three-year field trials. The effects of selected factors on nitrate and protein contents were similar, more significant for nitrates. Growing regions, varieties and years of cultivation caused statistically significant effects whereas the effect of ecological way of cultivation was less pronounced and showed a tendency without significance. Higher region showed lesser average nitrate (113.4 mg/kg) and protein content (4.27% dry matter) in comparison with lower region (143.7 mg/kg and 4.72% dry matter). The highest nitrate content was found in Impala and Karin varieties (199.2 and 167.6 mg/kg); Karin variety was also rich in total proteins (4.86% dry matter). Ecological way of cultivation showed no significant difference on nitrate content (136.9 mg/kg) and protein content (4.41%) as compared with conventional way of cultivation (153.9 mg/kg, 4.32%). Keywords: potato, tuber, total protein, nitrates, growing regions, variety, year, conventional cultivation, ecological cultivation Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 431-438 Volume: 51 Issue: 10 Year: 2005 DOI: 10.17221/3614-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3614-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200510-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:51:y:2005:i:10:id:3614-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: L. Růžek Author-Workplace-Name: CzechUniversity of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Nováková Author-Workplace-Name: CzechUniversity of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: K. Voříšek Author-Workplace-Name: CzechUniversity of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: I. Skořepová Author-Workplace-Name: CzechEcological Institute in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Vortelová Author-Workplace-Name: CzechUniversity of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Z. Kalfařová Author-Workplace-Name: CzechUniversity of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Černý Author-Workplace-Name: CzechUniversity of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: T. Částka Author-Workplace-Name: CzechUniversity of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: W. Barabasz Author-Workplace-Name: University of Agriculture in Krakow, Poland Title: Microbial biomass-C determined using CaCl2 and K2SO4 as extraction reagents Abstract: Microbial biomass-C [MBC] was determined by re-hydration [RHD] technique using two very similar salt solutions in dissociation potency (0.5 mol/l K2SO4 [MBC-K] and 0.01 mol/l CaCl2 [MBC-Ca]) in forest, grassland, arable Cambisols [Inceptisols] and Podzols [Spodosols]. MBC-Ca ranged from 254 to 5076 mg/kg dry soil (1.2-4.0% of Corg). 114 soil samples were examined in the years 2002 and 2003. Organic C compounds extracted by 0.5 mol/l K2SO4 [EC-K] and 0.01 mol/l CaCl2 [EC-Ca] increased in sequence: (1) arable Cambisols (100%), (2) cut and grazed grasslands (547%), (3) forest mineral horizon AH: 0-50 mm (783%) and (4) Norway spruce forest floor (2421%). The ratio EC-Ca/EC-K reached on average 62% and ranged from 48% to 74%. Correlation between EC-K and EC-Ca values is connected with soil organic matter status; the correlation was very close for Cambisols (r2 = 0.925), a medium correlation was found for forest floor (r2 = 0.380) and a weak correlation was observed for Podzols (r2 = 0.042). The correlation between MBC-K and MBC-Ca was very close in all cases: Cambisols (r2 = 0.811), Podzols (r2 = 0.904) and forest floor (r2 = 0.496). The ratio between organic carbon and organic nitrogen in 0.01 mol/l CaCl2 extracts [EC-Ca/Norg] could be declared as a new indicator for soil microbial association status. Keywords: microbial biomass, K2SO4 and CaCl2 extractable C, arable, forest, grassland soils, Cambisols, Inceptisols, Podzols, Spodosols, extraction methods Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 439-446 Volume: 51 Issue: 10 Year: 2005 DOI: 10.17221/3615-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3615-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200510-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:51:y:2005:i:10:id:3615-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: L. Borůvka Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Mládková Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: O. Drábek Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: R. Vašát Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Title: Factors of spatial distribution of forest floor properties in the Jizerské Mountains Abstract: The aim of this contribution was to describe spatial distribution of soil characteristics of forest floor in the JizerskéMountainsregion and to assess the effect of stand factors by means of geostatistics, using structural correlation coefficients. Most soil properties showed a low spatial dependence with variogram range of 6000 m. Kriged maps of spatial distribution of soil properties were created. Most characteristics were influenced by altitude. A general decrease of pH and Ca and Mg content and an increase of potentially toxic Al forms (AlKCl) due to high S and N loading were demonstrated. An effect of liming on the decrease of AlKCl content, and higher pH and Mg content and lower AlKCl under beech forest were shown. Lower acidity and a better humus quality were found at higher altitudes under grass coverin spite of high S and N content. The ratios S/Ca and S/(Ca + Mg) can serve as an indicator of soil acidification level. Keywords: soil acidification, spatial distribution, stand factors, forest floor, geostatistics Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 447-455 Volume: 51 Issue: 10 Year: 2005 DOI: 10.17221/3616-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3616-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200510-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:51:y:2005:i:10:id:3616-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: R. Dombaiová Author-Workplace-Name: The Faculty of Ecology and Environmental Sciences in Banská Štiavnica, Technical University in Zvolen, Slovakia Title: Mercury and methylmercury in plants from differently contaminated sites in Slovakia Abstract: Concentrations of methylmercury (MeHg) and total mercury (Hgtotal) were investigated in green leaves of herbs, deciduous and coniferous trees in 9 sites in Slovakia (the transect Žiar nad Hronom - Vtáčnik, Banská Štiavnica, Rudňany). There was evaluated the relevance of plant uptake and the behaviour of transfer-factors. The MeHg and Hgtotal in leaves of plants from the contaminated sites in Rudňany (up to 3.21 and 802 ng Hg/g, respectively) were an order of magnitude larger than those from other sites, reflecting the strong Hg contamination in Rudňany's plants. The MeHg and Hgtotal concentrations in leaves (up to 0.285 and 55 ng Hg/g, respectively) from the transect Žiar nad Hronom - Vtáčnik and Banská Štiavnica may be regarded as uncontaminated. The green leaves from Rudňany showed very low transfer-factors (up to 0.09) compared to the transfer-factors from the transect Žiar nad Hronom - Vtáčnik (up to 1.58), and thus indicated the relevance of Hg translocation from soils to leaves on contaminated sites. Generally, much higher MeHg concentrations in leaves of Corylus avellana L., Quercus polycarpa Schur. and Achillea millefolium L. as compared to the other plant species indicate species specific effects that is also confirmed by increased transfer coefficients for relevant leaves (up to 3.48, 2.51 and 0.35, respectively). The transfer-factors can bring up the species specific differences in the Hg uptake by plants. Keywords: methylmercury, total mercury, leaf, transfer-factor, Slovakia Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 456-463 Volume: 51 Issue: 10 Year: 2005 DOI: 10.17221/3617-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3617-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200510-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:51:y:2005:i:10:id:3617-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: R. Vácha Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Vysloužilová Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Horváthová Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxines and dibenzofurans in agricultural soils of the Czech Republic Abstract: The set of 102 samples of agricultural soils was taken for the study of the load of agricultural soils with polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofuranes (PCDDs/Fs). The background value of PCDDs/Fs in agricultural soils of theCzech Republicwas determined. The soils with different sources of the load of PCDDs/Fs were compared. It was concluded that fluvisols in fluvial zones and soils with long-term sludge application are soils with the highest contents of PCDDs/Fs. The soils affected by imission outputs show a lower intensity of the load with PCDDs/Fs that is characterised by higher content of toxic congeners. Keywords: polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans, persistent organic pollutants, agricultural soil, contamination Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 464-468 Volume: 51 Issue: 10 Year: 2005 DOI: 10.17221/3618-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3618-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200510-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:51:y:2005:i:10:id:3618-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: L. Věchet Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Martinková Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Šindelářová Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Burketová Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Compounds of natural origin inducing winter wheat resistance to powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici) Abstract: In laboratory and small-field experiments inducers of synthetic origin: benzothiadiazole (BTH), salicylic acid, and inducers of biological origin: glycine betaine, extracts prepared from oak bark (Quercus robur L.), Reynoutria sacchaliensis L., curcuma (Curcuma longa L.), ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) were effective against powdery mildew on the winter wheat (cv. Kanzler) susceptible to this disease. All studied inducers slightly effected the synthesis of new proteins (PR-proteins) that were localized in extracellular space. The efficacy of inducers was long-term. The most effective inducer was BTH; its application produced a number of chlorotic blotches on leaves Keywords: winter wheat, inducer, powdery mildew, new proteins, disease severity Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 469-475 Volume: 51 Issue: 10 Year: 2005 DOI: 10.17221/3619-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3619-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200510-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:51:y:2005:i:10:id:3619-PSE