Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Lachman Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: K. Hamouz Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Title: Red and purple coloured potatoes as a significant antioxidant source in human nutrition - a review Abstract: Potatoes regarding their consumption are a significant antioxidant source in human nutrition. The main potato antioxidants are polyphenols, ascorbic acid, carotenoids, tocopherols, -lipoic acid, and selenium. The most contained polyphenolic antioxidants in potatoes are L-tyrosine, caffeic acid, scopolin, chlorogenic and cryptochlorogenic acid and ferulic acid. In red and purple potatoes are in addition contained acylated anthocyanins and pigmented potatoes display two to three times higher antioxidant potential in comparison with white-flesh potato. Red potato tubers contain glycosides of pelargonidin and peonidin, purple potatoes glycosides of malvidin and petunidin. New red and purple flesh potato varieties are breeded for their use in food and in the non-food industry. Anthocyanins of potatoes are also useful in the protection against potato blight. Keywords: red and purple potatoes, antioxidants, polyphenols, anthocyanins, breeding, food and non-food industry use, fungicidal properties Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 477-482 Volume: 51 Issue: 11 Year: 2005 DOI: 10.17221/3620-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3620-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200511-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:51:y:2005:i:11:id:3620-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Špunarová Author-Workplace-Name: Agrotest, Agricultural Testing, Advisory Services and Research, Ltd., Kroměříž, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Ovesná Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Tvarůžek Author-Workplace-Name: Agrotest, Agricultural Testing, Advisory Services and Research, Ltd., Kroměříž, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Kučera Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Špunar Author-Workplace-Name: Agrotest, Agricultural Testing, Advisory Services and Research, Ltd., Kroměříž, Czech Republic Author-Name: I. Hollerová Author-Workplace-Name: Breewing and Malting, Ltd. Co., Prague, Czech Republic Title: The use of molecular markers for characterisation of spring barley for breeding to Fusarium head blight resistance Abstract: Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a barley disease, which occurs every year in various areas of barley cultivation all over the world and the increasing incidence has been confirmed in the Czech Republic also during the last years. We aimed to emply AFLP (Amplified fragment length polymorphism) and SSR (Single sequence repeats) markers to describe diversity among breeding lines with a sufficient level of resistance towards FHB and to find marker(s) associated with the analysed traits. The number of eight accessions including five expected resistance donors and three sensitive lines were tested in the field and laboratory. The field values and the amount of deoxynivalenol were positively correlated (r = 0.92). The laboratory test and content DON manifested also a high correlation (r = 0.73). Several DH lines developed from androgenetic barley progenies of the F1 hybrids between the susceptible line PI 383933 and resistant line PEC 210 or the susceptible line PI 383933 and resistant cultivar Chevron were found resistant towards Fusarium infection in both the field and laboratory tests. Low infestation was found at line DH 37 from combination Chevron × PI 383933 and lines DH48, DH49, DH50 and DH55 from the combination PEC 210 × PI 383933. Cluster analyses based on 68 AFLP and 18 SSR markers demonstrate a genetic relationship among parental genotypes and DH lines.Some DH lines combined a sufficient degree of resistance against FHB and extract content (basic parameters malting quality). Statistically significant differences in malt-extract values were observed between groups of the DH lines possessing and not possessing the AFLP marker CAA/AGC 341bp. The markers will be further evaluated and optionally used for MAS. Keywords: barley, Hordeum vulgare L., Fusarium head blight, AFLP, SSR, dihaploid lines, malting quality Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 483-490 Volume: 51 Issue: 11 Year: 2005 DOI: 10.17221/3621-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3621-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200511-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:51:y:2005:i:11:id:3621-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Vičánková Author-Workplace-Name: Facultyof Science, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Kutík Author-Workplace-Name: Facultyof Science, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic Title: Chloroplast ultrastructural development in vascular bundle sheath cells of two different maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes Abstract: The leaves of maize have two photosynthesizing tissues with two types of chloroplasts, mesophyll cells (MC) and vascular bundle sheaths cells (BSC). The development of chloroplasts in BSC was followed by transmission electron microscopy and point counting method in the middle part of the third leaf of maize plants. From young (Y) to mature (M) leaves, volume density of photosynthetic membrane system (thylakoids) increased, to senescing (S) leaves it did not significantly change. During the whole leaf ontogeny, small thylakoid appression regions (grana) were present in BSC chloroplasts, currently assumed to be agranal. From M to S leaves, volume density of starch inclusions strongly decreased and that of plastoglobuli strongly increased. Keywords: chloroplast, ultrastructure, C4 photosynthesis, electron microscopy, Zea mays L Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 491-495 Volume: 51 Issue: 11 Year: 2005 DOI: 10.17221/3622-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3622-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200511-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:51:y:2005:i:11:id:3622-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: E. Šimonová Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia Author-Name: M. Henselová Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia Author-Name: P. Zahradník Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia Title: Benzothiazole derivatives substituted in position 2 as biologically active substances with plant growth regulation activity Abstract: Thirteen of the new synthetized 2-R substituted benzothiazole derivatives have been tested for plant growth regulatory (PGR) activity. The effect on growth elongation was studied on wheat coleoptile segments Triticum aestivum L. cv. Blava, and on the hypocotyl and roots in cucumber Cucumis sativum L. cv. Evita. The formation and number of adventitious roots and the length of hypocotyl in Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek and, the effect on the length of stem, fresh and dry mass in buckwheat Fagopyrum esculentum Moench. cv. Pyra were evaluated. Cytokinin activity was determined on segments of barley leaves Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Jubilant on the basis of senescence inhibition and chlorophyll content. The benzothiazole derivatives were tested in the range of 10-3-10-7M concentrations, and PGR activity was compared with indole-3-acetic acid, indole-3-butyric acid and 6-furfurylaminopurine. All tested derivatives showed different auxine-like effects on elongation growth of plants and the stimulative effects were found to depend on applicable concentrations. At higher concentration rates, derivatives acted as growth retardants and inhibited the length of cucumber hypocotyl and roots. The derivatives increased the formation of adventitious roots of mung bean hypocotyl cuttings, as well as stem elongation and production of fresh and dry mass of buckwheat. Cytokinin activity was confirmed in one derivate only with a significant effect on the inhibition of leaf senescence and higher chlorophyll content. The tested benzothiazole derivatives may be characterized as biologically active substances with dominant auxine-like growth promoting activity Keywords: benzothiazole derivatives, elongation growth, root formation, senescence, Cucumis sativum, Fagopyrum esculentum, Hordeum vulgare, Triticum aestivum, Vigna radiata Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 496-505 Volume: 51 Issue: 11 Year: 2005 DOI: 10.17221/3623-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3623-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200511-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:51:y:2005:i:11:id:3623-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: V. Míka Author-Workplace-Name: ResearchInstitute of Crop Production, Prague-Ruzyně, Research Station of Grassland Ecosystems, Jevíčko, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Kubáň Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry in Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: B. Klejdus Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry in Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Odstrčilová Author-Workplace-Name: ResearchInstitute of Crop Production, Prague-Ruzyně, Research Station of Grassland Ecosystems, Jevíčko, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Nerušil Author-Workplace-Name: ResearchInstitute of Crop Production, Prague-Ruzyně, Research Station of Grassland Ecosystems, Jevíčko, Czech Republic Title: Phenolic compounds as chemical markers of low taxonomic levels in the family Poaceae Abstract: The spectra of non-structural phenolics in herbage were used to study genetic affinity in polyploid complex of Dactylis L., next in complex of octoploid brome species, and in red fescue cultivar collection. The diploid (2n = 14) subspecies of Dactylis revealed distinct differences from the tetraploid (2n = 28) ones as a clearly specialized group. In the genus Bromus the affinity bounds of the species inside the section (e.g. Ceratochloa) were not very tight in comparison to those between the species from various sections. Also remarkable differences in affinity bonds among red fescue cultivars were determined. Although the conclusions are only based on the results from one year and two sites, they bring significant information on exploitation of phenolic compounds. They demonstrate that phenolic profiles could be used in chemical taxonomy of grasses also at low taxonomic levels as a useful marker. As they are environmentally not as stable as the markers of primary metabolism, plant material for analyses should be standardized as to growing condition, growth stages of plants etc. Keywords: phytochemistry, non-structural phenolic compounds, grasses, chemotaxonomy, plant taxonomy, secondary metabolites Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 506-512 Volume: 51 Issue: 11 Year: 2005 DOI: 10.17221/3624-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3624-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200511-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:51:y:2005:i:11:id:3624-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Lachman Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Dudjak Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: D. Miholová Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: D. Kolihová Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Pivec Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Title: Effect of cadmium on flavonoid content in young barley (Hordeum sativum L.) plants Abstract: The effect of an abiotic stress caused by cadmium on the total flavonoid content in roots, shoots and leaf blades of spring barley variety Kompakt grown in a climate-control room for 28 days was investigated. Total flavonoid content (F) was determined spectrophotometrically with sodium nitrite, Cd content by atomic absorption spectrometry. Treatment of barley plants with Cd (1.10-6 mol/l) in nutrition solution caused the decrease of F in the all parts of the plant. The relatively highest decrease was found in the roots (from 20.0 to 3.05 g/kg dry matter), lesser decrease in the shoots (from 24.2 to 9.33 g/kg dry matter) and the leaf blades (from 58.3 to 27.3 g/kg dry matter). Statistically significant decrease (at least p < 0.05) of F and increase of Cd contents in all the investigated parts of the plant was found. Statistically significant differences of F and Cd contents among barley roots, shoots, and leaf blades were found. Keywords: barley, roots, shoots, leaf blades, flavonoids, Cd-stress effect, Cd-flavonoid complexes Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 513-516 Volume: 51 Issue: 11 Year: 2005 DOI: 10.17221/3625-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3625-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200511-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:51:y:2005:i:11:id:3625-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: K. Zarzecka Author-Workplace-Name: University of Podlasie, Poland Author-Name: M. Gugała Author-Workplace-Name: University of Podlasie, Poland Title: The influence of herbicides and their mixtures on total proteins content and on proper proteins in potato tubers Abstract: Field experiments were carried out at the Agricultural Experimental Nuisance Station of University of Podlasie in Siedlce in the years 1999-2001. The influence of herbicides and their mixtures on total proteins content and on proper proteins in eatable potato tubers were analysed. The weeding chemical agents (pesticides) used in the potato treatment increased the total protein content by 0.09-0.18% and proper proteins content by 0.15-0.34% in the tubers in contrast with the ones of the control object. The statistical analysis also revealed the importance of the cultivar and weather conditions during the experimental years. Keywords: potato, herbicides, total proteins, proper proteins Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 517-522 Volume: 51 Issue: 11 Year: 2005 DOI: 10.17221/3626-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3626-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200511-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:51:y:2005:i:11:id:3626-PSE