Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: editors Title: Index Volume 51 Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: I-IV Volume: 51 Issue: 12 Year: 2005 DOI: 10.17221/3633-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3633-PSE.html File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:51:y:2005:i:12:id:3633-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Wyszkowska Author-Workplace-Name: University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland Author-Name: J. Kucharski Author-Workplace-Name: University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland Author-Name: E. Boros Author-Workplace-Name: University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland Title: Effect of nickel contamination on soil enzymatic activities Abstract: The effect of soil contamination with nickel applied in the doses of 100, 200, 300 and 400 mg Ni/kg of soil on the activity of dehydrogenases, urease and acid and alkaline phosphatase was studied in a pot experiment. Heavy loamy sand and silty light loam were used in the experiment that comprised of two series: with spring barley cultivation and without plant cultivation. The enzyme activity was determined on day 14, 28, 42 and 56 of the experiment. Based on the study, it was found that soil contamination with nickel applied as NiCl2.6 H2O decreased the activity of dehydrogenases, urease and acid and alkaline phosphatase. This decrease was determined by the applied dose of this metal. Nickel exhibited a stronger effect on the soil with spring barley cultivation than on the unsown soil. In the heavy loamy sand sown with spring barley, more than 50% inhibition of the activity of dehydrogenases was caused by 300 and 400 mg Ni contamination, and in the case of urease by 200, 300 and 400 mg Ni/kg of soil. In the silty light loam sown with spring barley, more than 50% decrease in the activity of dehydrogenases and alkaline phosphatase was observed under 400 mg Ni contamination. The inhibition of the other enzyme activities did not exceed 50%. Urease and alkaline phosphatase exhibited a higher activity in the heavier soil, whereas dehydrogenases and acid phosphatase exhibited a higher activity in the lighter soil. In the nickel-free soil, spring barley cultivation had a positive effect on the enzyme activity and a positive correlation between the spring barley yield and the activity of dehydrogenases, urease and acid and alkaline phosphatase was observed. Keywords: soil contamination, nickel, spring barley, enzyme activity, dehydrogenases, urease, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 523-531 Volume: 51 Issue: 12 Year: 2005 DOI: 10.17221/3627-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3627-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200512-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:51:y:2005:i:12:id:3627-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Z. Fischerová Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Száková Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: D. Pavlíková Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Tlustoš Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Title: The application of diffusive gradient technique (DGT) for assessment of changes in Cd, Pb, and Zn mobility in rhizosphere Abstract: Diffusive Gradient in Thin Films (DGT) technique was applied to determine Cd, Pb and Zn concentrations in rhizosphere of four different plant species: hyperaccumulator Penny-cress (Thlaspi caerulescens J. et C. Presl), trees with a good accumulation capacity willow (Salix dasyclados Vimm.) and poplar (Populus nigra L.) and crop maize (Zea mays L.). Moreover, the effect of two chelating agents (ethylendiaminetetraacetic acid - EDTA, and S,S-ethylendiaminedisuccinic acid - EDDS) on element mobility in rhizosphere like soil was investigated. DGT was able to register even small changes in heavy metal concentrations in rhizosphere according to individual crop and/or soil treatments. A particularly significant effect of EDTA application to enhance solubility of metals bound to solid phase into the soil solution was observed resulting in increased concentrations of mobile metals in rhizosphere. The suitability of DGT technique for evaluation of heavy metal behavior in the environment was demonstrated with reasonable results. Keywords: DGT, soil solution, element mobility, rhizosphere, cadmium, lead, zinc Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 532-538 Volume: 51 Issue: 12 Year: 2005 DOI: 10.17221/3628-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3628-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200512-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:51:y:2005:i:12:id:3628-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: E. BAKŠIENÉ Author-Workplace-Name: Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture, Voke Branch, Vilnius, Lithuania Author-Name: V. JANUŠIENÉ Author-Workplace-Name: Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture, Voke Branch, Vilnius, Lithuania Title: The effects of calcareous sapropel application on the changes of Haplic Luvisols chemical properties and crop yield Abstract: The possibilities to use sapropel for fertilisation have been investigated at the Voke Branch of the Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture since 1984. The experiments were carried out on sandy loam Haplic Luvisols in the crop rotation (maize, barley, clover, winter rye, potatoes, oats) with the application of 50, 100, 150, 200 t/ha rates of dry calcareous sapropel and 30 t/ha of dry manure on the background of mineral fertilisers. Sapropel was applied only to the first crop (maize) in the rotation (in 1984). Manure was applied to the first crop in each crop rotation (in 1984, 1990 and 1996). Summarised results of a long-term experiment showed that by the end of the second (after 12 years) and third (after 18 years) rotation the effect of sapropel on soil chemical properties was positive. Calcareous sapropel reduced soil acidity, increased the amount of exchangeable bases (Ca + Mg). Under the influence of sapropel the contents of organic carbon and total nitrogen increased as well. The amount of mobile phosphorus increased, and mobile potassium decreased. Sapropel improved the composition of humus (CHA:CFA = 0.74-0.77; in control = 0.71). The results of investigations have shown that after 18 years of application the higher rates (150, 200 t/ha) of dry sapropel increased the productivity of crops. The highest rate of sapropel (200 t/ha) was almost of the same effectiveness as manure applied in every rotation. Keywords: sapropel, soil, chemical properties, humus composition, yiel Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 539-544 Volume: 51 Issue: 12 Year: 2005 DOI: 10.17221/3629-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3629-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200512-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:51:y:2005:i:12:id:3629-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: D. Steffens Author-Workplace-Name: Justus Liebig University in Giessen, Germany Author-Name: B.W. Hütsch Author-Workplace-Name: Justus Liebig University in Giessen, Germany Author-Name: T. Eschholz Author-Workplace-Name: Justus Liebig University in Giessen, Germany Author-Name: T. Lošák Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry in Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: S. Schubert Author-Workplace-Name: Justus Liebig University in Giessen, Germany Title: Water logging may inhibit plant growth primarily by nutrient deficiency rather than nutrient toxicity Abstract: The aim of our experiments was to investigate whether nutrient deficiency or toxicity is the cause for growth inhibition of wheat and barley in waterlogged soils. Experiments using two soils (top and subsoil) differing largely in various characteristics revealed a growth inhibition of wheat and barley in the case of subsoil due to water logging, without Fe or Mn toxicity. Water culture experiments with anaerobic (N2) and aerobic aeration confirmed that oxygen deficiency did not induce nutrient toxicity (Fe, Mn) but caused sub-optimum nutrient supply (N, P, K, Mn, Cu, Zn) of wheat and barley plants. In a split-root water culture experiment with barley, cultivating half of the root system in varying combinations of aerobic/anaerobic and with/without K supply, it was shown that sufficient K uptake occurred only when K and oxygen were applied in the same root compartment. We suggest that due to O2 deficiency in the root medium, synthesis of ATP may be inhibited leading thus to a decrease in nutrient uptake. Nutrient deficiency rather than toxicity appears to be the major cause for the poor plant growth in waterlogged soils. Keywords: water logging, growth, nutrients, toxicity, deficiency Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 545-552 Volume: 51 Issue: 12 Year: 2005 DOI: 10.17221/3630-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3630-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200512-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:51:y:2005:i:12:id:3630-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: B. Čeh-Brežnik Author-Workplace-Name: Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia Author-Name: A. Tajnšek Author-Workplace-Name: Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia Title: Distribution of nitrogen in wheat plant in its late growth stages with regard to organic fertilisation and mineral nitrogen rate Abstract: In Central Slovenia within a long term static experiment IOSDV we investigated the impact of mineral nitrogen (N) fertilisation (0, 65, 130, 195 kg/ha) on the N content and the N amount in winter wheat (larger roots, stems, spikes and leaves) in EC 81/82 and EC 90/91, employing three systems of management: farmyard manure ploughing in before forecrop maize, straw ploughing in and green manure, no organic fertilisation. At EC 81/82 the N content in larger roots was around twice as high as the N content in stems and around twice as low as the N content in spikes and leaves. There was 80% of the whole N amount in plant located in the spikes and leaves (33-168 kg/ha) in EC 81/82 and 90% in EC 90/91. Calculated N recovery from mineral fertiliser was 68-87%; it increased with the increasing N rates in the system with farmyard manure ploughing in and in the system with no organic fertilisation, but not in the system with straw ploughing in and green manure. Between EC 81/82 and EC 90/91 wheat gained from 4 to 34 kg N/ha, but there were more important translocations of N inside the plants, which were higher at higher mineral N rates. There was a significant impact of management system on the N uptake at the highest mineral N rate. Keywords: wheat, nitrogen uptake, nitrogen content, management system, nitrogen recovery Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 553-561 Volume: 51 Issue: 12 Year: 2005 DOI: 10.17221/3631-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3631-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200512-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:51:y:2005:i:12:id:3631-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Štibinger Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Title: An estimation of subsurface total drainage quantity in non-steady state drainage flow, and its verification in loamy soils Abstract: The subsurface total drainage quantity is a very important hydrological indicator to solve the drainage problems in a field of water management in the landscape, especially in a situation after massive floods. Described in this paper is an estimation of the subsurface total drainage quantity, which was developed by the operation of a subsurface pipe drainage system in saturated, middle permeable soil under unsteady state drainage flow with the application of the Dupuit's assumptions and Darcy's law, by analytical approximation. The correctness and applicability of this estimation of the subsurface total drainage quantity was verified by field measurements on the loamy soils of an experimental watershed area of the Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation (RISWC) Prague-Zbraslav, Czech Republic. The parameters and the shape of this subsurface total drainage quantity equation were also proved with the help of nonlinear regression analysis, with application of the method of Marquardt. This analytical approximation should serve as an elementary tool of water engineering practice for an immediate estimation of the values of subsurface total drainage quantities from field pipe drainage systems in saturated loamy soils. It requires only a minimum amount of information (fundamental soil hydrology data and drainage system basic design parameters) and its use is often viewed, it is simple, user-friendly and is possible for a wide range of drainage policies. Keywords: analytical approximation, drain discharge, subsurface pipe drainage system, subsurface total drainage quantity, unsteady state drainage conditions Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 562-571 Volume: 51 Issue: 12 Year: 2005 DOI: 10.17221/3632-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3632-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200512-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:51:y:2005:i:12:id:3632-PSE