Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Grejtovský Author-Workplace-Name: P.J. Šafárik University in Košice, Slovak Republic Author-Name: K. Markušová Author-Workplace-Name: P.J. Šafárik University in Košice, Slovak Republic Author-Name: A. Eliašová Author-Workplace-Name: P.J. Šafárik University in Košice, Slovak Republic Title: The response of chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) plants to soil zinc supply Abstract: A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of varying supplies of Zn (50-150-300 mg/kg soil - Orthic Luvisol) on the uptake of Zn by plants, selected productive parameters and production of secondary metabolites in Matricaria chamomilla L., diploid cv. Novbona. Chamomile takes up Zn easily and accumulates it in all its organs. The maximum supply of Zn resulted in an 18-fold increase in chamomile shoots where it reached the level of 271.0 mg/kg dry matter. Such a treatment resulted in a 5-fold increase of Zn in chamomile anthodia (Matricariae flos drug) reaching a level of 159.8 mg/kg dry matter. During cultivation, experimental plants showed no signs indicating an excess of Zn. Of the selected productive parameters, the increasing concentration of Zn in the soil affected significantly only the plant height. A weak, positive, insignificant effect of Zn was observed in the production of the plant biomass. When supplying Zn at a rate of 50 mg/kg soil the biomass of the shoots dry matter increased by 17% and anthodia by 8%, respectively (P > 0.05). However, an additional increase in Zn supply reduced production of anthodia, while the dose of 300 mg Zn/kg soil resulted in a significant, 17% decrease of anthodia yield in comparison with the maximum production achieved with the treatment by 50 mg Zn/kgsoil. The application of Zn into the soil affected only slightly the content of essential oil and proportion of chamazulene, (E)-β-farnesene, and ene-yne-dicycloethers. An increased supply of Zn did not affect the concentration of flavone apigenin and coumarin herniarin in chamomile anthodia. Zn fertilization decreased the accumulation of Cd in chamomile plants; supply of 50 mg Zn/kg soil and caused an decrease in Cd concentration by 10% in shoots (P > 0.05) and by 37% (from 0.280 to 0.176 mg Cd/kg dry matter) in anthodia (P < 0.01), respectively. An additional increase in soil Zn decreased significantly with an accumulation of Cd by 18% (at a dose of 300 mg Zn/kg soil) only in chamomile shoots. Keywords: accumulation, Cd, growth, interaction, Matricariae flos, secondary metabolites, Zn Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 1-7 Volume: 52 Issue: 1 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/3339-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3339-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200601-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:52:y:2006:i:1:id:3339-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Fargašová Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovak Republic Author-Name: J. Pastierová Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovak Republic Author-Name: K. Svetková Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Slovak Republic Title: Effect of Se-metal pair combinations (Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb) on photosynthetic pigmentsproduction and Metal accumulation in Sinapis alba L. seedlings Abstract: The priority of this study was to investigate how selenium influences toxicity of Cd, Zn, Cu and Pb when the metals appear in the hydroponic solution in pairs. As a model subject mustard seedlings (Sinapis alba L.) were used. Except phytotoxicity of individual metals and Se-metal combinations determined through photosynthetic pigments content (chlorophyll a, b, total carotenoids) also metal accumulation in the roots and shoots was determined by the AAS method. Se in all metal combinations reduced the unfavourable effect of other metals tested for chlorophylls content, however, for carotenoids primarily the opposite effect occurred. For metal accumulation in the roots and shoots it was confirmed that Se stimulated only Cd (about 24%) and slightly Cu (about 9%) accumulation in the roots, while in the shoots there was inhibited accumulation of all metals tested. The strongest inhibition was observed in Pb accumulation (84.9%). This fact indicates that Se generates some barriers for metal transfer from the roots to the underground plant parts. In contrast, Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd increased Se accumulation in the roots in the range of 4 (in combination with Cu) to 68% (in combination with Cd) and in the shoots in the range of 11 (in combination with Pb and Zn) to 44% (in combination with Cd). In the shoots only Cu inhibited Se accumulation (about 67%). Keywords: Se-metal interactions, Se, Cd, Cu, Zn, Pb, photosynthetic pigments production, metal accumulation, Sinapis alba Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 8-15 Volume: 52 Issue: 1 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/3340-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3340-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200601-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:52:y:2006:i:1:id:3340-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Tlustoš Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Száková Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: K. Kořínek Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: D. Pavlíková Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: A. Hanč Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Balík Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Title: The effect of liming on cadmium, lead, and zinc uptake reduction by spring wheat grown in contaminated soil Abstract: For characterization of the ability of crops to reflect changing soil properties after the addition of ameliorative materials into the soil both pot and rhizobox experiments were provided. In the pot experiment, the influence of the addition of lime and limestone into contaminated Cambisol containing 7.14 mg Cd/kg, 2174 mg Pb/kg, and 270 mg Zn/kg on element availability for spring wheat was tested. The ameliorative materials were added into the pots containing 5 kg of soil in amount of 3 g CaO, and 5.36 g CaCO3 per kg of the soil. Soil pH reached up to 7.3 in lime treatments compared to 5.7 in control soil. Mobile portion of soil elements (0.01 mol/l CaCl2 extractable) dropped by 80% for Zn, 50% for Cd, and 20% for Pb, respectively. In both straw and grains of wheat reduced content of elements was observed in limed pots compared to the control ones. For a detailed characterization of the influence of root exudates on the strength of developed complexes in comparison with the bulk soil, short-term rhizobox experiment was set up under identical soil and lime treatments. Generally, the results of rhizobox experiment confirmed the findings from the pot experiment discussed above. Content of elements in shoots and roots of wheat dropped mainly in the case of Cd and Pb. Soil mobile portion of all three tested elements introduced clear depletion curve in control treatment, both limed treatments showed high stability of element complexes almost unaffected by wheat roots. Keywords: liming, lime, limestone, immobilization, contaminated soil, cadmium, lead, zinc, pot experiment, rhizobox experiment Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 16-24 Volume: 52 Issue: 1 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/3341-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3341-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200601-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:52:y:2006:i:1:id:3341-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: N. Finžgar Author-Workplace-Name: Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia Author-Name: B. Kos Author-Workplace-Name: Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia Author-Name: D. Leštan Author-Workplace-Name: Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia Title: Bioavailability and mobility of Pb after soil treatment with different remediation methods Abstract: The risk of Pb contaminated soil after treatment with different remediation techniques was assessed. Soil vitrification (microwaves) reduced Pb orally available from the stomach and intestinal phase measured by a physiologically based extraction test. Solidification of Pb (Slovakite) did not reduce the concentration of orally available Pb and increased the Pb uptake by Thlaspi goesingens for 2-times compared to plants grown on the original soil. Soil extraction with 40 mmol/kg EDTA removed 57.6% of Pb. However, the concentration of orally available Pb and Pb uptake by T. goesingens increased. The concentration of mobile soil Pb also increased for 14-times measured by a toxicity characteristic leaching procedure. Soil leaching with 10 mmol/kg biodegradable chelator [S,S] ethylenediamine disuccinate and using a horizontal permeable reactive barrier for Pb accumulation from the washing solution removed 17.8% of Pb, but increased Pb uptake by T. goesingens by 3-times and slightly increased the concentration of Pb in the intestinal phase. Leaching did not significantly effects Pb availability from the stomach phase or Pb mobility. Keywords: lead, soil remediation, risk assessment, heap leaching Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 25-34 Volume: 52 Issue: 1 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/3342-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3342-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200601-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:52:y:2006:i:1:id:3342-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: K. Klima Author-Workplace-Name: University of Agriculture in Kraków, Poland Author-Name: B. Wiśniowska-Kielian Author-Workplace-Name: University of Agriculture in Kraków, Poland Title: Anti-erosion effectiveness of selected crops and the relation to leaf area index (LAI) Abstract: This paper presents results of an experiment carried out in 2000-2003 in the mountain region (southern Poland, 545 m a.s.l.) to determine the effect of over-ground parts growth of fodder beet, winter triticale and horse bean on the intensity of soil losses. The research was conducted on the hillside with a 16% slope with the simulated rainfall (105 mm; 1.75 mm/min) applied at seven developmental stages of the plants. It was stated that soil protective efficiency of the fodder beet, horse bean and winter triticale started at about 60, 30 and 15% of covering the soil surface, respectively. The influence of over-ground parts of the plants (x) on the soil erosion (y) can describe the following regression equations: for fodder beet: y = -9.37x + 29.4 (R2 = 0.677; n = 82); for horse bean: y = -8.44x + 26.41 (R2 = 0.698; n = 96); for winter triticale: y = -4.98x + 15.61 (R2 = 0.66; n = 112). The obtained results made possible verification of the nomograms determining the value of the C indicator (cropping factor, i.e. index of soil coverage and cultivation calculated as a ratio of soil mass eroded from the field covered with specific crop to mass of soil eroded from black fallow with a 9% slope angle) present in USLE equation (Universal Soil Losses Equation, method commonly recommended by FAO for studies on erosion) for tested plants under similar conditions. Keywords: LAI (Leaf Area Index), water erosion, simulated rainfall, fodder beet, winter triticale, horse bean Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 35-40 Volume: 52 Issue: 1 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/3343-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3343-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200601-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:52:y:2006:i:1:id:3343-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: L. Brodský Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Száková Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Bazalová Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Penížek Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Title: Spatial variation features description of soil available P, K, Mg and soil pH by proportional effect Abstract: This paper investigates the proportional effect of selected soil properties - low spatial variation changes are related to their local magnitudes (here standard deviation vs. mean). Content of available P, K, and Mg, and soil pH were analysed on nine agricultural fields of the Xzech Republic. Firstly, strong direct within-field proportional effect based on Moving Window Statistics (MWS) was found for soil P and K, while Mg did not exhibit any clear proportionality. Soil pH showed indication of inverse proportional effect with high field-to-field fluctuations. The relationship strength of the effect was functionally related to the asymmetry (skewness) of distribution (r = 0.31 × skew 0.08). Secondly, between-field proportional effect of 9 surveyed fields, as a measure at different scale, showed generally parallel results with the MWS approach. Proportionality is therefore not scale dependent. However, slopes of linear relationships were different for the two scales. Finally, models for prediction of proportional variogram parameters were calculated. Correlation coefficients of relationship between semivariance parameters and mean proved that sill-nugget is more stable (r = 0.74 for P and 0.83 for K) than nugget (r = 0.30 for P and 0.53 for K). Keywords: soil properties, spatial variation, proportional effect, moving window statistics Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 41-46 Volume: 52 Issue: 1 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/3344-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3344-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200601-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:52:y:2006:i:1:id:3344-PSE