Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Sobkowicz Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Management and Plant Cultivation, Agricultural University of Wrocław, Poland Title: Competition between triticale (Triticosecale Witt.) and field beans (Vicia faba var. minor L.) in additive intercrops Abstract: In a microplot experiment conducted in 1999 and 2000 on light soil triticale and field beans were grown as sole crops and in the intercrop system. Two pure stand plant densities were established: 200 and 400 plants/m2 for triticale and 50 and 100 plants/m2 for field beans. Four possible intercropping combinations were obtained by adding densities of both crops. Triticale was a better competitor than field beans in all intercrops resulting in competitive balance index significantly greater than zero. The number of pods per plant of field beans was significantly reduced in all intercropping combinations compared to the pure stands, however quality of grain of the legume was unaffected by competition. Intercrop comprising 200 plants/m2 of triticale and 50 plants/m2 of field beans was most productive in the experiment but addition 50 more plants/m2 of the legume decreased significantly grain yield of intercrop by 16.2%. The results also show that effective triticale-field beans intercrop for light soil may be designed as additive one, based on 400 plants/m2 of triticale. Keywords: cereal-legume interaction, components of yield, protein yield, competitive balance index Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 47-54 Volume: 52 Issue: 2 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/3345-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3345-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200602-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:52:y:2006:i:2:id:3345-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S.S. Gonet Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland Author-Name: B. Debska Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Environmental Chemistry, University of Technology and Agriculture in Bydgoszcz, Poland Title: Dissolved organic carbon and dissolved nitrogen in soil under different fertilization treatments Abstract: The objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of long-term fertilization of a sandy soil with differentiated doses of cattle slurry as well as its after-effect action on the possibilities of migration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved nitrogen (DNt) down to deeper layers of the soil profile. DOC and DNt were extracted with borate buffer and 0.004M CaCl2 solution. Evaluation of effects of cattle slurry on the content of DOC and DNt was done in comparison with mineral fertilization. It was shown that the use of cattle slurry in the doses of 100 and 200 m3/ha caused a significant increase of labile organic matter in the 0-25 and 25-50 cm layers of soil. As compared with mineral fertilization the application of slurry increased also the amounts of extracted DNt, but only in the surface layer. The DNt content in the deeper soil horizons did not depend on the kind of fertilization. Concentrations of DOC and DNt in the extracts depended not only on their content in soil but it was also modified substantially by the extractant used. Keywords: cattle slurry, dissolved organic carbon, dissolved nitrogen, washing out Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 55-63 Volume: 52 Issue: 2 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/3346-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3346-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200602-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:52:y:2006:i:2:id:3346-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Hanč Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Tlustoš Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Száková Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Balík Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Title: The Cd mobility in incubated sewage sludge after ameliorative materials additions Abstract: Cadmium mobility in sewage sludge amended by four types of ameliorative materials (lime, limestone, bentonite and zeolite) incubated under aerobic and anaerobic conditions for eight months was studied in the experiment. The most statistically significant decrease of available Cd extracted by 0.01 mol/l CaCl2 was recorded in sludge between second and fourth months of incubation. As most effective stabilizers were found limestone and bentonite added into the sludge incubated under aerobic and anaerobic conditions respectively. The presence of air reduced Cd mobility in individual sludges more than lack of air. Cadmium was separated by sequential extraction into five fractions as water soluble, exchangeable, bound with Fe and Mn oxides, organically bound, and residual fraction. Sequential analysis showed decrease of Cd in exchangeable and oxide fractions in sludge treated by lime and limestone at the end of aerobic incubation. Cadmium was found in water soluble and exchangeable fractions in small portion, even so its content in these fractions was higher than determined in slighter 0.01 mol/l CaCl2 solution. Keywords: cadmium, sewage sludge, incubation, limestone, lime, bentonite, zeolite, sequential analysis Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 64-71 Volume: 52 Issue: 2 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/3347-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3347-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200602-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:52:y:2006:i:2:id:3347-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: H.W. Scherer Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Faculty of the University of Bonn, Germany Author-Name: S. Pacyna Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Faculty of the University of Bonn, Germany Author-Name: N. Manthey Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Faculty of the University of Bonn, Germany Author-Name: M. Schulz Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Faculty of the University of Bonn, Germany Title: Sulphur supply to peas (Pisum sativum L.) influences symbiotic N2 fixation Abstract: In a pot experiment (culture substrate: perlite with a granulometric composition 0-3 mm) with peas (Pisum sativum L.) we studied the influence of sulphur supply on S and N concentrations, yield formation, symbiotic N2 fixation and available amounts of glucose and sucrose. Under S deficiency conditions S and N concentrations as well as the amounts of glucose and sucrose in shoots and nodules were significantly reduced. We assume that the reduced amounts of available photosynthate with suboptimal S supply could become limiting to energy production and as carbon skeletons for ammonia assimilation, and therefore cause a lower N2 fixation and a reduced yield formation. Keywords: peas, sulphur supply, carbohydrates, symbiotic N2 fixation Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 72-77 Volume: 52 Issue: 2 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/3348-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3348-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200602-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:52:y:2006:i:2:id:3348-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: L. Ducsay Author-Workplace-Name: Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: O. Ložek Author-Workplace-Name: Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Slovak Republic Title: Effect of selenium foliar application on its content in winter wheat grain Keywords: winter wheat, foliar application of Se, grain yield, selenium content in grain Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 78-82 Volume: 52 Issue: 2 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/3349-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3349-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200602-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:52:y:2006:i:2:id:3349-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Fiala Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production Praha-Ruzyne, Grassland Research Station Liberec, Czech Republic Title: The influence of modified pratotechnics of unmanaged grasslands on the amount of mineral nitrogen in lysimetric waters of the rhizosphere Abstract: In 2001-2004, the influence of various ways of farming unmanaged grasslands on the mineral nitrogen content in lysimetric waters was monitored. Field trials with 11 variants were performed 420 m above sea level, at depths of 0.2 and 0.4 m, 4-5 times annually. The average amount of Nmin released per ha per year in lysimetric waters ranged from 0.84 to 5.12 kg. The upper layer to a depth of 0.2 m had a higher content. The conclusive difference, in comparison with properly farmed control, was with the black fallow and in the variant where fallow followed mulching. With the exception of this method of farming the pratotechnics of unmanaged grasslands - mulching did not increase the load of rhisosphere, either by the overall mineral nitrogen, or by the concentration of N-NO3-. Even by using fallow for a four-year period, a conclusive increase in the content of Nmin was not observed. Keywords: unmanaged grasslands, mineral nitrogen, lysimeters Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 83-87 Volume: 52 Issue: 2 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/3350-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3350-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200602-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:52:y:2006:i:2:id:3350-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Trčková Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production, Prague-Ruzyne, Czech Republic Author-Name: Z. Stehno Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production, Prague-Ruzyne, Czech Republic Author-Name: I. Raimanová Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production, Prague-Ruzyne, Czech Republic Title: Nitrate uptake and N allocation in Triticum aestivum L. and Triticum durum Desf. seedlings Abstract: Inter- and intra-species differences in nitrate uptake and N allocation were studied in wheat seedlings. Two collections of wheat cultivars Triticum aestivum and Triticum durum were grown at controlled conditions in hydroponics (773µM NO3-, i.e. 10.8 ppm N-NO3-). At the age of 3 weeks the net rate of nitrate uptake was measured in depletion experiments and it was expressed as µmol NO3- per g of root fresh weight per hour (µmol/g FW/h). Nitrate uptake capacity of the whole root system was expressed as µmol NO3- per plantper hour (µmol/plant/h). At the same time wheat plants were harvested and analyzed for nitrogen content. In contrast to the net rate of NO3- uptake (3.98-8.57 µmol/g FW/h) the net NO3- uptake capacity of T. aestivum roots (6.37-11.66 µmol/plant/h) significantly differed from T. durum roots (15.26-22.69 µmol/plant/h). Within T. aestivum collection cultivar Roxo exhibits the lowest value in both traits (3.98 µmol NO3-/g FW/h and 6.67 µmol NO3-/plant/h). By contrast Strela was characterized by relatively low NO3- uptake rate (5.47 µmol/g FW/h) and the highest NO3- uptake capacity (11.66 µmol/plant/h). Intra-species differences in T. durum group were not significant. In both species about 70% total nitrogen was found in shoot. Statistically significant differences in nitrogen content and its allocation were affected by growth rate in early stages of development. Keywords: nitrate uptake rate, nitrate uptake capacity, nitrogen allocation, varietal differences, inter-species differences, wheat, Triticum aestivum, Triticum durum Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 88-96 Volume: 52 Issue: 2 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/3351-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3351-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200602-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:52:y:2006:i:2:id:3351-PSE