Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Nováková Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: K. Voříšek Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Title: Microbiological parameters of soil set aside before and after desiccation Abstract: Herbaceous cover of luvic chernozem (seven years set aside) with legumes, perennial grasses and their mixture was desiccated by the glyphosate herbicide Roundup Biaktiv (5 l/ha at July 2003 and 4 l/ha at June 2004). 165 soil samples were collected before (November 2002-July 2003) and after desiccation (September 2003-August 2004). Desiccation had a strong positive effect on immobilization of organic carbon from herbaceous cover and underground biomass to microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and to soil organic carbon (Corg), respectively. A significant increase after desiccation (p < 0.01) was confirmed in the parameters: Corg, MBC and in the ratio MBC/Corg. At the same time the desiccation had a retardation effect on mineralization of Corg, Norg and Sorg. A significant decrease after desiccation (p < 0.01) was confirmed in the basal and potential respiration (with nitrogen, with nitrogen and glucose), actual content of N-NH4+ without and with pre-incubation, control ammonification, and (p < 0.05) in arylsulphatase activity. The actual content of NO3- and the control nitrification increased significantly (p < 0.01) after desiccation. Plots management before desiccation included black and spontaneous fallow, mulching (one or two per year) and cutting (three times per year), plots with 4 legumes, 4 grasses and their mixtures. Mulching variants showed the best results both before and after desiccation. The soils with cutting treatment ranked 8th-10th out of 11 studied combinations. Keywords: land set aside, fallow, desiccation, Roundup Biaktiv, microbial biomass, K2SO4 extractable carbon, biological activity, respiration, nitrification, ammonification, arylsulphatase Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 97-104 Volume: 52 Issue: 3 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/3352-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3352-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200603-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:52:y:2006:i:3:id:3352-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: T. Šimon Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production, Prague-Ruzyne, Czech Republic Title: New Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii isolates: collection, identification and screening of efficiency in symbiosis with clover Abstract: Suitable clover stands (field and meadow) were chosen to isolate new R. leguminosarum bv. trifolii strains. Together 49 strains were isolated, labelled and maintained. Ten primers were used for identification and amplification products were detected by agarose electrophoresis. Amplification products of individual primers did not make possible to distinguish all isolates; a combination of at least two primers was necessary. No differences in genetic variability level between field and meadow isolates were found. Hydroponic perlite experiments were used for the screening of rhizobial isolates and the tetraploid red clover variety Amos was used as a host plant. Shoots were weighed and the root volume was determined at the onset of anthesis. Total nitrogenase activity (TNA) of the symbiotic system was measured and the root dry weight was determined. High differences among individual isolates were found in all the characteristics. Statistically significant were differences among individual isolates for TNA, growth characteristics did not differ significantly. Strong positive relationships between fresh forage, dry forage, root volume and root dry weight were determined (r = 0.69-0.98; p > 0.05). Nine isolates were selected as effective, based on the mean values of all isolates screened. Selected isolates achieved the above average values in most measured characteristics. Out of the nine isolates, two were isolated from root nodules of clover cultivated in field stands, seven strains were isolated from clover grown in natural meadows. Additional study of isolates in soil condition will follow. Keywords: R. leguminosarum bv. trifolii isolates, collection, identification, screening in hydroponic experiments, selection Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 105-110 Volume: 52 Issue: 3 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/3353-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3353-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200603-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:52:y:2006:i:3:id:3353-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Salantur Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Cereal Breeding, Central Research Institute for Field Crops, Ankara, Turkey Author-Name: A. Ozturk Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey Author-Name: S. Akten Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey Title: Growth and yield response of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to inoculation with rhizobacteria Abstract: The growth and yield response of spring wheat to inoculation with foreign and local rhizobacteria of Erzurum (Turkey) origin was studied. At the first stage of the research, a greenhouse experiment was carried out with wheat cv. Kirik using 75 local bacterial strains isolated from the soil with 6 foreign bacteria, and a control. According to results of the greenhouse experiment 9 local strains were identified. At the second stage, the response of wheat cv. Kirik to 20 treatments (9 local strains, 6 foreign bacteria, 4 levels of N, and a control) was investigated in Erzurum field conditions. Seventeen strains had significant positive effects on tiller number per plant, 47 strains on plant height, one strain on dry matter yield, and 28 strains on plant protein content in the greenhouse experiment. Inoculation with certain rhizobacteria clearly benefited growth and increased the grain and N-yield of field grown wheat. The effects of local strains were observed to be in general superior to those of foreign strains. Inoculation with the local Strain No. 19, 73, and 82 increased total biomass by 18.7, 18.1, and 19.9%; grain yield by 18.6, 17.7, and 18.0%; total N-yield by 27.5, 24.3 and 26.0%, respectively, as compared to control. In conclusion, Strain No. 19, 73, and 82 can be a suitable biofertilizer for spring wheat cultivation in areas with similar conditions as in Erzurum. Inoculation with these strains may lead both to increases in wheat yield and savings of nitrogen fertilizer. Keywords: inoculation, rhizobacteria, yield response, wheat Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 111-118 Volume: 52 Issue: 3 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/3354-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3354-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200603-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:52:y:2006:i:3:id:3354-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: N. Narula Author-Workplace-Name: Instituteof Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Martin Luther University, Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany Author-Name: A. Deubel Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Microbiology, CCS Haryana Agriculture University, Hisar, India Author-Name: W. Gans Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Microbiology, CCS Haryana Agriculture University, Hisar, India Author-Name: R.K. Behl Author-Workplace-Name: Instituteof Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Martin Luther University, Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany Author-Name: W. Merbach Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Microbiology, CCS Haryana Agriculture University, Hisar, India Title: Paranodules and colonization of wheat roots by phytohormone producing bacteria in soil Abstract: Soil bacteria belonging to the genus Azotobacter, Pantoea and some unidentified soil isolates were tested in vitro for phytohormone production under laboratory and soil conditions. The German wheat variety Munk was inoculated by several soil bacteria with exogenously applied hormones (IAA, 2,4-D) and a flavonoid(naringenin) with a half of the amount of recommended doses of fertilizers under greenhouse conditions. Most of the soil bacteria tested were able to produce indole acetic acid (IAA), and stimulated a lateral root development and colonization by the addition of 2,4-D and IAA. A formation of paranodules on roots as a result of crack entry invasion was observed with 2,4-D as well as with IAA. We were able to reisolate the organism from the paranodules and could establish the same results. Analyses for root exudates and in vitro phytohormone production by various bacterial isolates were also carried out, revealing that 2,4-D can be replaced either by high IAA producing bacteria or by exogenous application of IAA. Bacterial survival in the rhizosphere as well as the root and shoot weight of wheat plants were positively affected also by the addition of IAA, 2,4-D and naringenin. Keywords: paranodules, colonization, Azotobacter chroococcum, Pantoea agglomerans, wheat Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 119-129 Volume: 52 Issue: 3 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/3355-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3355-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200603-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:52:y:2006:i:3:id:3355-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: H.S. Han Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biology, Suncheon National University, Jeonnam, Korea Author-Name: Supanjani Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Science, McGill University, MacDonald Campus, Quebec, Canada Author-Name: K.D. Lee Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Science, McGill University, MacDonald Campus, Quebec, Canada Title: Effect of co-inoculation with phosphate and potassium solubilizing bacteria on mineral uptáme and growth of pepper and cucumber Abstract: Biofertilizers have been used as sources to improve plant nutrients in sustainable agriculture. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the potential of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) Bacillus megaterium var. phosphaticum and potassium solubilizing bacteria (KSB) Bacillus mucilaginosus inoculated in nutrient limited soil planted with pepper and cucumber. Results showed that rock P and K applied either singly or in combination did not significantly enhance soil availability of P and K, indicating their unsuitability for direct application. PSB was a more potent P-solubilizer than KSB, and co-inoculation of PSB and KSB resulted in consistently higher P and K availability than in the control without bacterial inoculum and without rock material fertilizer. Integrated rock P with inoculation of PSB increased the availability of P and K in soil, the uptake of N, P and K by shoot and root, and the growth of pepper and cucumber. Similar but less pronounced results were obtained when rock K and KSB were added concomitantly. Combined together, rock materials and both bacterial strains consistently increased further mineral availability, uptake and plant growth of pepper and cucumber, suggesting its potential use as fertilizer. Keywords: pepper, cucumber, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, potassium solubilizing bacteria Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 130-137 Volume: 52 Issue: 3 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/3356-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3356-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200603-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:52:y:2006:i:3:id:3356-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: F. Nourbakhsh Author-Workplace-Name: College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran Title: Fate of carbon and nitrogen from plant residue decomposition in a calcareous soil Abstract: Carbon and nitrogen transformations in soil are microbially mediated processes that are functionally related. The fate of C and N was monitored in a clay-textured soil (Typic Haplocambid) which was either unamended (control) or amended with various plant materials at the rate of 10 g residue C/kg soil. To evaluate C mineralization, soils were incubated for 46 days under aerobic conditions. Nitrogen mineralization/immobilization was evaluated at the end of eight-week incubation experiment. All CO2 evolution data conformed well to a first-order kinetic model, Cm = C0 (1 - e-Kt). The product of K and C0 (KC0) was significantly correlated with some chemical and biochemical properties of the plant residues, including N concentration (r = 0.83, P < 0.001), C:N (r = -0.64, P < 0.05) and lignin:N (r = -0.81, P < 0.001). Among the plant residue composition characteristics, N concentration (r = 0.96, P < 0.001), C:N (r = -0.69, P < 0.01) and lignin:N (r = -0.68, P < 0.01) were significantly correlated with the net rates of N mineralization/immobilization (Nm/i). Keywords: transformation of C and N, calcareous soil, plant residue quality Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 137-140 Volume: 52 Issue: 3 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/3357-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3357-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200603-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:52:y:2006:i:3:id:3357-PSE