Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: R. KOÇYIGIT Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Faculty, Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey Title: Contribution of soil organic carbon and C3 sugar to the total CO2 efflux using 13C abundance Abstract: The differences in C isotope ratio of C3 and C4 plant species have been used to determine relative contributions of carbon (C) sources to total CO2 efflux. The objective of this study was to estimate the contribution of soil organic C and C3 sugar to total CO2 of corn and wheat monocultures during a short-term incubation. Control soils and soils amended with sugar were incubated at 25°C for 48 hours and total CO2 concentration and δ13C values of evolved CO2 were measured. The proportional contribution of C sources on CO2 efflux was determined by using isotopic composition of soil organic C and C3 sugar. δ13C values of soils are highly affected by the type of vegetation and the soil management. The C3 sugar addition in soils double the CO2 efflux in the corn soil, but it did not affect CO2 efflux in the wheat soil. This indicated a larger turnover of microbial biomass in the corn soil. The greatest significant (P < 0.05) difference in δ13C values between the control and sugar added soils occurred at 12 hours in the corn soil (11.2‰) and at 24 hours in the wheat soil (9.4‰). The estimated relative contribution of sugar to CO2efflux was stronger at 12 hours incubation in the corn soil. Keywords: 13C natural abundance, soil organic carbon, sugar, CO2 source Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 193-198 Volume: 52 Issue: 5 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/3429-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3429-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200605-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:52:y:2006:i:5:id:3429-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: K. Gondek Author-Workplace-Name: H. Kołłątaj Agricultural University of Cracow, Poland Title: Contents of various forms of cadmium, copper, lead and chromium in soil after application of untreated and composted tannery sewage sludge Abstract: Fertilization with tannery materials positively influenced the soil pH and increased the content of alkaline cations in soil. After four years of investigations organic carbon content decreased most in the soil fertilized with untreated sludge, mineral salts and in the control soil. Irrespective of fertilization used and year of studies cadmium occurred mainly in most mobile fractions (mobile, exchangeable and bound to manganese oxides). Copper was mainly bound in fractions less available to plants. After four years of studies an increase in mobile copper forms was registered in all treatment soils. Lead in the soil was present mainly in the form bound to organic matter and amorphous iron oxides. Distribution of lead points to the small share of this metal in the mobile and exchangeable forms, both immediately after fertilization applied and after four years of studies. Chromium became fixed in fractions less available to plants, mainly bound to iron oxides and in residual fraction. On the other hand, an apparent effect of fertilization with materials of tannery origin on this element total forms content was registered. Keywords: tannery sludge, compost, vermicompost, cadmium, copper, lead, chromium Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 199-210 Volume: 52 Issue: 5 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/3430-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3430-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200605-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:52:y:2006:i:5:id:3430-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Váňová Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Research Institute Kroměříž, Ltd., Czech Republic Author-Name: S. Palík Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Research Institute Kroměříž, Ltd., Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Hajšlová Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: I. Burešová Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Research Institute Kroměříž, Ltd., Czech Republic Title: Grain quality and yield of spring barley in field trials under variable growing conditions Abstract: Effects of the year, previous crop and control of leaf diseases on grain yield, test weight, protein and starch content, Fusarium head blight (FHB) and deoxynivalenol (DON) content in grain were investigated in four spring barley varieties. The trials were set up in 2001-2004 at Kroměříž (235 m above sea level, average annual temperature 8.7°C, annual precipitation sum 599 mm) in a five-course crop rotation, where spring barley followed the previous crops sugar beet, winter wheat, maize, and oilseed rape. The experimental years differed a lot in temperature and precipitation. The years 2001 and 2002 were dry and warm and grain yield was much lower as compared to that in the following years even though the other growing conditions were identical. The most stable quality parameters were obtained after the previous crop sugar beet. The average value of test weight was 661 g/l(ranging from 629 to 685 g/l), protein content 11.2% (10.3-11.7%) and starch content 61.5% (58.9-64.9%). Grain yield averaged 6.67 t/ha. Test weight after maize was on average 658 g/l(619-692 g/l), protein content 11.5% (10.1-12.4%), starch content 60.7% (59.2-63.8%), and grain yield 6.24 t/ha. Test weight and starch content were lower and protein content higher after oilseed rape and winter wheat. A higher FHB incidence and DON content were found after the previous crop maize. In 2001 and 2002 with strong water deficit during the growing seasons, more grains infected by Fusarium spp. were detected and DON content was higher too. The increase was due to a short rainy period at heading of spring barley. Problems of variable conditions for growing malting varieties of spring barley and current possibilities of producing both good grain yields and quality are discussed. Keywords: malting spring barley, yield, quality parameters, Fusarium spp., deoxynivalenol Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 211-219 Volume: 52 Issue: 5 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/3432-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3432-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200605-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:52:y:2006:i:5:id:3432-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Kucharski Author-Workplace-Name: University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland Author-Name: E. Jastrzębska Author-Workplace-Name: University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland Title: Effect of heating oil on the activity of soil enzymes and the yield of yellow lupine Abstract: The aim of the study was to determine the response of soil enzymes such as dehydrogenases, urease and acid and alkaline phosphatases to heating oil contaminating (0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.5% of soil) the experimental soil supplemented with lime and used for cultivation of yellow lupine of the Markiz variety. An increasing contamination of soil with heating oil stimulated the activity of dehydrogenases and acid and alkaline phosphatases but had a toxic effect on yellow lupine. Lime supplements did not have a significant effect on an average activity of soil dehydrogenases. However, such soil treatment had a significant effect on urease. Increasing heating oil doses in lime-supplemented soil stimulated urease activity, whereas in lime-free soil urease activity was inhibited. The activity of acid and alkaline phosphatase was lower in limed soil than in lime-free soil. The activity of dehydrogenases, urease and alkaline phosphatase in the soil with lupine cultivation was significantly higher than in the unsown soil. Keywords: heating oil, soil contamination, soil enzymes, yield of yellow lupine Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 220-226 Volume: 52 Issue: 5 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/3431-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3431-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200605-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:52:y:2006:i:5:id:3431-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Supanjani Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Science, McGill University, Macdonald Campus, Quebec, Canada Author-Name: K.D. Lee Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Science, McGill University, Macdonald Campus, Quebec, Canada Title: Hot pepper response to interactive effects of salinity and boron Abstract: An excess of salinity and boron (B) can limit production of hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), but little is known about the physiological responses, including antioxidant activities, in response to these excesses. We investigated the physiological responses and defense mechanisms of hot pepper grown under salinity (NaCl) stress at 3 and 6 dS/mand B stress at 15 and 30 mg/kg. Dry weight and the total chlorophyll content decreased with increasing salinity and B levels. The toxic effect of B was greater under saline conditions. Higher levels of salinity and B resulted in increased B concentrations in leaves. The stomatal resistance values increased as the combined levels of salinity and B increased. Furthermore, increasing salinity, B or both increased activities of H2O2, SOD, POX, APX and GR, which increased oxidative stress, compared to the control plants. Increases in combined salinity and B levels disrupted plant nutrient balance and water use, and induced production of secondary toxic substances leading to an increased plant tissue concentration of H2O2, and suppression of growth in hot pepper. Keywords: annuum L.), but little is known abo Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 227-233 Volume: 52 Issue: 5 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/3433-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3433-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200605-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:52:y:2006:i:5:id:3433-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: W.M. Bhutta Author-Workplace-Name: Centre of Advanced Study in Applied Genetics and Saline Agriculture, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan Author-Name: M. Ibrahim Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan Author-Name: Tahira Author-Workplace-Name: Pakistan Agriculture Research Council, Islamabad, Pakistan Title: Comparison of water relations and drought related flag leaf traits in hexaploid spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Abstract: Six wheat varieties/lines and six derived F2hybrids were studied to ascertain and compare heritability and genetic advance for flag leaf osmotic pressure, flag leaf water potential, flag leaf venation, flag leaf area and flag leaf thickness. Most of these characters had high heritabilities and expected a genetic advance. Prospects of a genetic improvement for all the characters studied are evident. The most promising cross combinations are PASBAN-90 × SARC-5 and SH-2002 × SARC-5. These traits therefore deserve a better attention in future breeding projects for evolving better wheat for stress environments. Keywords: wheat genotype, heritability, drought, cross breeding Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 234-238 Volume: 52 Issue: 5 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/3434-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3434-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200605-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:52:y:2006:i:5:id:3434-PSE