Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Kovář Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Title: The extent of land use impact on water regime Abstract: The paper is focused on the impact of land use changes on water regime. First, an emphasis was given to what extent the main components of the water balance on the experimental catchment Všeminka (region Vsetínské Hills) were influenced. For this reason, the WBCM-5 model was implemented for the period of 10 years in a daily step with a particular reference to simulate the components of direct runoff and of subsurface water recharge. In the selected years of the period 1990-2000, the major changes were made in land use and also the significant fluctuation of rainfall-runoff regimes were observed (e.g. dry year 1992 and flood year 1997). After WBCM-5 parameter calibration it was found that some water balance components can change in relation to substantial land use changes even up to tens of percent in a balance-consideration, i.e. in daily, monthly and yearly or decade values, namely the components of interception and also of direct runoff and of subsurface water recharge. However, a different situation appears when investigating significant short-term rainfall-runoff processes. There were about seven real flood events analysed using the model KINFIL-2 (time step 0.5 hr) during the same period of about 10 years on the same catchment. Furthermore, some land use change positive or negative scenarios were also analysed there. As opposed to long-term water balance analyses, there was never achieved any greater differences in the hydrograph peak or volume than 10%. Summarising, it is always important to distinguish a possible land use change impact in either long-term balance or short-term runoff consideration, otherwise a misunderstanding might be easily made, as can often be found when commenting on the impact on floods in some mass media. Keywords: land use change, water balance, rainfall-runoff ebeny Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 239-244 Volume: 52 Issue: 6 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/3435-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3435-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200606-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:52:y:2006:i:6:id:3435-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: V. Rasocha Author-Workplace-Name: Potato Research Institute Havlíčkův Brod, Ltd., Czech Republic Author-Name: E. Hausvater Author-Workplace-Name: Potato Research Institute Havlíčkův Brod, Ltd., Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Doležal Author-Workplace-Name: Potato Research Institute Havlíčkův Brod, Ltd., Czech Republic Title: Evaluation of characteristics affecting the market value of table potatoes after washing Abstract: Skin scuffing is a problem of washing of the individual potato varieties, which is particularly important at harvests of physiologically immature tubers. Washing of such tubers cannot be recommended. Discoloration of scuffed tuber parts is another problem, which is exhibited by gray, brown to black color. Greening of washed tubers is mostly influenced by storage manner that also affects tuber sprouting. Mechanical damage, occurrence of several diseases, abiotic injuries, pest damages is also a problem. Various responses of potato varieties were found to tuber washing. Varieties with rough, netted skin, physiologically immature tubers, infected with diseases, mechanically damaged, susceptible to soft rot, expressing abiotic changes are not suitable for the washing. Tubers of varieties with smooth and bright skin, without scuffing, with later greening in the light, free of disease and abiotic injury presence and non-damaged by pests are suitable for washing. From this view the best results of tuber washing were obtained with varieties and hybrids: Adéla,Astoria, Belladonna, Dali, Ditta, Flavia, Futura, Katka, Kordoba, Kornelie, Lady Christl, Laura, Milva, Princess, Redstar, Rosara, Samantana, Satina, Secura, Velox,Vera,Victoria, KE 524-11, KE 12-83. Keywords: potatoes, table potato washing, varietal response, probléms Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 245-249 Volume: 52 Issue: 6 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/3436-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3436-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200606-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:52:y:2006:i:6:id:3436-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Huttová Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic Author-Name: I. Mistrík Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic Author-Name: M. Ollé-Šimonovičová Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic Author-Name: L. Tamás Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic Title: Cadmium induced changes in cell wall peroxidase isozyme pattern in barley root tips Abstract: Changes in peroxidase activity as well as isozyme peroxidase pattern were analyzed in five cell wall (CW) fractions of barley roots exposed to 1mM CdCl2for 48 and 72 h. Whereas strong inhibition of peroxidase activity was detected in fraction CW I and weak inhibition in fractions CW II, III and IV, strong activation of peroxidase was observed in fraction V after Cd application. Despite the inhibition of enzyme activity in most CW fractions, induction of several isoperoxidases was discovered after separation on PAGE. In fraction CW I inhibition of one cathodic isoperoxidase and activation of two anodic and two cathodic isoperoxidases was detected. Additional two anodic and one cathodic Cd-induced isozyme appeared in CW II and CW III. Strongly activated anodic isoperoxidase was detected in fraction CW V. Our results demonstrate that monitoring the stress modified peroxidase activity in enzyme extracts using guaiacol as a non-specific peroxidase substrate is not sufficient enough. Since some isozymes can be activated and some inhibited, isozyme pattern analysis is recommended. Keywords: spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), cadmium stress, cell wall peroxidases, native cathodic and anodic PAGE Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 250-253 Volume: 52 Issue: 6 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/3437-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3437-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200606-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:52:y:2006:i:6:id:3437-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Akcura Author-Workplace-Name: Bahri Dagdas International Agricultural Research Institute, Konya, Turkey Author-Name: Y. Kaya Author-Workplace-Name: Bahri Dagdas International Agricultural Research Institute, Konya, Turkey Author-Name: S. Taner Author-Workplace-Name: Bahri Dagdas International Agricultural Research Institute, Konya, Turkey Author-Name: R. Ayranci Author-Workplace-Name: Bahri Dagdas International Agricultural Research Institute, Konya, Turkey Title: Parametric stability analyses for grain yield of durum wheat Abstract: Grain yield of 15 durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) genotypes consisting of 13 cultivars and 2 advanced lines, tested in a randomized complete block design with four replications across 8 environments of Central Anatolian Region of Turkey was analyzed using nine parametric stability measures. The objectives were to assess genotype-environment interactions (GEI), determine stable genotypes, and compare mean grain yield with the parametric stability parameters. To quantify yield stability, nine stability statistics were calculated (bi, S2di, Ri2, Wi2, σi2, S2i, αi and λi). Yilmaz-98, Cakmak-79, Kiziltan-91, Selcuklu-97 and C-1252 were more stable cultivars, which had 9, 8, 6, 6, 6 out of all 9 stability statistics used, respectively. Especially, among these cultivars, Yilmaz-98 and Cakmak-79 were the most stable cultivars. Furthermore, three-dimensional plots of mean response versus each stability statistic were shown to visually evaluate the yield potential and stability estimates of the genotypes. Genotype mean yield (-x) was significantly positively correlated to the regression coefficient (bi), environmental variance and genotype to the environmental effects (αi), indicating that high grain yielding genotypes had larger values bi, S2i, and αi, S2i, Wi2, CVi, αi and bi, were significantly correlated, indicating that they measured similar aspects of stability Keywords: genotype by environment interaction, Triticum durum Desf., grain yield, stability, three-dimensional plot Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 254-261 Volume: 52 Issue: 6 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/3438-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3438-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200606-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:52:y:2006:i:6:id:3438-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: X.F. Ying Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biological Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, PR China Author-Name: P. Liu Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biological Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, PR China Author-Name: G.D. XU Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biological Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, PR China Title: Effect of aluminum on the isozymes of the seedlings of two soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] varieties Abstract: Aluminum (Al) is not the necessary nutrient but the most abundant metal in the earth's crust. Isozymes of the seedlings of two soybean varieties (Zhechun No. 3 and Huachun No. 18) and their response to different Al treatments had been analyzed. The study showed that the responses to Al toxicity of different isozymes were quite different. Among these four isozymes, esterase (EST) isozyme was the least sensitive to Al toxicity. There was no distinct difference in the zymograms of EST under different Al treatments. Al toxicity enhanced the activity of peroxidase (POD) and induced some new bands to adapt it. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) was inhibited by Al toxicity and showed the descending of the activity and disappearing of some bands. The cytochrome-oxidase (COD) activity was also enhanced, but the enhancement of the activity of POD and COD occurred under the treatments of low Al concentration. With the increasing of Al concentration, too much Al disturbed the expression of POD and COD isozymes, which showed that the activity of those isozymes descended. Furthermore, there was no consistence with the response to Al treatments among different bands of the same isozymes. Besides, there was some genotypic variation between two soybean varieties. The bands of these isozymes varied differently between two soybean varieties under the same Al treatments. Compared with Huachun No. 18, Zhechun No. 3 had a stronger tolerance to Al stress relatively. Keywords: aluminum, polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis, seedlings, soybean Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 262-270 Volume: 52 Issue: 6 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/3439-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3439-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200606-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:52:y:2006:i:6:id:3439-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: O. Mikanová Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production, Prague-Ruzyne, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Javůrek Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production, Prague-Ruzyne, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Vach Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production, Prague-Ruzyne, Czech Republic Author-Name: A. Markupová Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production, Prague-Ruzyne, Czech Republic Title: The influence of tillage on selected biological parameters Abstract: The influence of tillage (conventional and non-tillage) on selected soil microbial properties was studied. The experiment focused on tillage that was launched in Prague-Ruzyne in 1997. The experiment included the following variants: conventional tillage, protective tillage (without post harvest residues), protective tillage (with residue biomass - mulch), protective tillage (covered by pea crop residues for winter wheat, with fore crop). In the field experiment there were tested: enzymatic activities (activity of urease, dehydrogenase, arylsulfatase and invertase) and microbial biomass. The microbial biomass and soil microbial processes were affected by tillage. Our results show the positive influence of protection tillage on selected biological parameters, especially in variants where soil was supplied with organic matter. Keywords: tillage, enzymatic activities, microbial biomass Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 271-274 Volume: 52 Issue: 6 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/3440-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3440-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200606-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:52:y:2006:i:6:id:3440-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: V. Brant Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Pivec Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Venclová Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Soukup Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Holec Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Title: The influence of different soil vegetation covers onto the volumetric water content in upper soil layers Abstract: The influence of different vegetation cover of the set aside land on the volumetric water content VWC (%) and its variations during the day in upper soil layers (5 and 15 cm) using the TDR method was observed in 15 min intervals from May to August in 2002 and 2003. A spontaneous fallow was established in autumn 2001 and plots with artificial revegetation sowed with grass-legume mixture of Dactylis polygama Horv. and Trifolium repens L. in spring 2002. The experimental plots were mulched twice during the vegetation period. VWC (%) was registered in the same time also on bare ground. The control plot was sown with crops (Brassica napus L. - 2002 and Triticum aestivum L. - 2003) and regular tillage using ploughing was applied. The highest values of VWC (%) during observed period were recorded on bare ground. The values of VWC (%) on set aside soil with vegetation cover and on control plot were lower. The lowest values of VWC (%) were recorded in 5 cm depth on plot sowed with grass-legume mixture of D. polygama and T. repens. Values of VWC (%) on spontaneous fallow were lower in depth of 15 cm compared to the 5 cm depth. The highest variation of daily VWC (%) run was recorded on bare ground. Keywords: sed aside land, spontaneous fallow, artificial revegetation, bare ground, grass-legume mixture, volumetric water content (VWC), fluctuation of VWC Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 275-281 Volume: 52 Issue: 6 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/3441-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3441-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200606-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:52:y:2006:i:6:id:3441-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Lachman Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: A. Hejtmánková Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: D. Miholová Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: D. Kolihová Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Tluka Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Title: Relations among alkaloids, cadmium and zinc contents in opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) Abstract: The effort of this work was to prove whether there exists any relation between stress factors caused by content of cadmium and zinc, and content and composition of opium alkaloids codeine, morphine, narcotine (noscapine) and papaverine contained in poppy seeds and capsules (Papaver somniferumL.) in 14 samples of 8 varieties cultivated in 8 localities in 2003. Contents of cadmium and zinc were measured by a method of electrothermic atomization and contents of selected individual alkaloids were determined by a HPLC method. The results were tested by the Spearman correlation coefficient and the Pearson linear correlation coefficient. With knowledge of the Spearman coefficient, positive relations narcotine - zinc and narcotine - cadmium in the poppy seed samples were found. In the samples of poppy capsules positive relation morphine - cadmium (in cv. Opal) and negative relation papaverine - zinc and codeine - zinc (in cv. Opal) were found. Those pairs have been tested by the Pearson correlation coefficient for a possibility to exclude the linear independency. This independency was excluded with the probability of over 95% in the relations narcotine - cadmium in the seeds and morphine - cadmium in the capsules. With the probability of over 97.5%, linear relations narcotine - zinc in seeds and papaverine - zinc in capsules were proved. Keywords: Papaver somniferum L., poppy capsules, poppy seeds, cadmium, zinc, stress, alkaloids, codeine, morphine, narcotine (noscapine), papaverine Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 282-288 Volume: 52 Issue: 6 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/3442-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3442-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200606-0008.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:52:y:2006:i:6:id:3442-PSE