Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: K. Hamouz Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Lachman Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Dvořák Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: E. Trnková Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Title: Influence of non-woven fleece on the yield formation of early potatoes Abstract: In the years 1999-2003 the effect of covering rows of early potatoes with non-woven fleece on the yield formation, dry matter content in tubers, temperature of soil and of air in ground layer was investigated. Covering of rows enhanced the market yield of tubers at early harvest 60 days after planting in average by 35.8% in comparison with the uncovered control. At harvest 67 days after planting the difference in advantage of the covered variant were 17.2% and 85 days after planting the difference in yield between variants was already non significant. The yield effect of the fleece was affected by year (higher effect in the years with cold spring) and by variety (Impala responded at 60 days after planting by yield increase under fleece 43.7%, Adora 27.9%). Higher dry matter content of tubers by 0.87% was found in covered plants 60 days after planting in comparison with control. Cover enhanced average air temperature in ground layer by 2.0°C, in soil in depth 100 mm by 1.8°C. Keywords: early potato, non-woven fleece, yield, dry matter content, variety, soil temperature Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 289-294 Volume: 52 Issue: 7 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/3443-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3443-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200607-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:52:y:2006:i:7:id:3443-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Matula Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production, Prague-Ruzyne, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Pechová Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production, Prague-Ruzyne, Czech Republic Title: Relation between multi-nutrient soil tests and boron in barley Abstract: The aim of study was to verify a possibility of adding boron to multi-nutrient soil tests: Mehlich 3, water (1:5) and 0.5M NH4-acetate extraction. Thirty-six different soils from topsoils of agriculturally farmed field were used for the study. The basic set of 36 soils was doubled when the same soil samples with gypsum addition at an equivalent dose 2 t Ca/ha were used. The closest correspondence between B in soil (n = 72) and B in plant was found out by the NH4-acetate soil test. This test proved its good universality and independence on a radical intervention in soil chemistry by gypsum treatment. It responded to an increase in B-availability to plants after gypsum treatment of soil. The adjustment of NH4-acetate boron by the percentage difference between the actual and the desired pH of soil improved the closeness of the correlation. Although the H2O soil test showed its lower universality, it is assumed to use the H2O soil test for prediction of B-status in soil when the history of previous fertilisation of the field will be known. The Mehlich 3 soil test did not prove to be suitable for diagnostics of B-status in soil. Keywords: soil tests, Mehlich 3, water extraction, ammonium acetate extraction, boron, barley Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 295-300 Volume: 52 Issue: 7 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/3444-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3444-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200607-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:52:y:2006:i:7:id:3444-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Balík Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: D. Pavlíková Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Tlustoš Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: K. Sýkora Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Černý Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Title: The fluctuation of molybdenum content in oilseed rape plants after the application of nitrogen and sulphur fertilizers Abstract: The effect of N-S fertilizers on the molybdenum content in oilseed rape plants was investigated in precision field trials. Evaluation was carried out on unfertilized control and two treatments of single fertilizer rates in the first spring fertilizer application, using 100 kg N/ha in AN treatment (nitrochalk) and 100 kg N/ha + 50 kg S/ha in ANS treatment (ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulphate). The results confirmed the significance of sulphur fertilization for the winter oilseed rape plant's cultivation technology, even on fertile soils in the CzechRepublic. The control treatment produced a yield of 3.7 t/ha, while in the AN treatment the yield was 49% higher, and the ANS treatment was 60% higher. An antagonistic relationship between the sulphate and molybdenum anions in their absorption by the plants was demonstrated. The molybdenum content in the flowering period of the plants was determined in mg/kg as follows - in the ANS treatment: 0.17 in root, 0.12 in stem, 1.56 in upper leaves, 0.90 in lower leaves, and 1.17 in the flower petals. Higher and statistically more significant molybdenum levels were determined in the AN treatment: 0.21 in the root, 0.19 in the stem, 2.40 in the upper leaves, 1.72 in the lower leaves, and 1.50 mg/kg in the flower petals. The total above-ground biomass of the plants in the flowering period had accumulated molybdenum at 6.06 g/ha in the ANS treatment, and 8.44 g/ha in the AN treatment. Keywords: molybdenum, sulphur, winter oilseed rape, N-S fertilizers Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 301-307 Volume: 52 Issue: 7 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/3445-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3445-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200607-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:52:y:2006:i:7:id:3445-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Svoboda Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production, Prague-Ruzyne, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Haberle Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production, Prague-Ruzyne, Czech Republic Title: The effect of nitrogen fertilization on root distribution of winter wheat Abstract: The effect of nitrogen fertilization on root length (RL) distribution of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was investigated. The study was conducted in Prague-Ruzyne on clay loam Chernozemic soil in the years 1996-2003. Two (N0, N1) and three (N0, N1, N2) treatments, unfertilized (N0), fertilized with 100 kg (N1) and 200 kg N/ha (N2) were studied in 1996-2000 and 2001-2003, respectively. Nitrogen rate 100 kg/ha had no effect on RL in soil layers (P > 0.1) in years 1996-2000 and 2002-2003 and there was not significant interaction between N treatment and soil layer except for year 1998 (P < 0.01). Nitrogen fertilization affected RL distribution significantly (P = 0.013) only in 2001 due to reduction of root growth in subsoil layers in treatment N2 (200 kg N/ha) in comparison with N0 and N1. The effect of N fertilization on total RL in rooted soil volume was insignificant. There was a significant effect of year on total RL (P < 0.01) but not of interaction of year and N treatment. Roots reached, with the exception of two years, the depth between 100 and 130 cm. Nitrogen fertilization (N1) had no effect (P = 0.59) on rooting depth (RD) in years 1996-2000 but there was a significant effect of interaction between year and N fertilization on RD (P < 0.01). In the second experimental series (2001-2003) N fertilization rate 200 kg N/ha significantly reduced maximum RD (P < 0.01) in comparison with N0 and N1. The year had highly significant effect on RD. Keywords: root length, distribution, rooting depth, nitrogen, subsoil, Triticum aestivum L Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 308-313 Volume: 52 Issue: 7 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/3446-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3446-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200607-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:52:y:2006:i:7:id:3446-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. Kristek Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of J.J. Strossmayer in Osijek, Croatia Author-Name: A. Kristek Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of J.J. Strossmayer in Osijek, Croatia Author-Name: V. Guberac Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of J.J. Strossmayer in Osijek, Croatia Author-Name: A. Stanisavljević Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of J.J. Strossmayer in Osijek, Croatia Title: Effect of bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens and low fungicide dose seed treatments on parasite fungus Aphanomyces cochlioides and sugar beet yield and quality Abstract: Effect of sugar beet seed inoculation with a bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens and treatment by fungicides Thiram 42-S and Dithane S-60 with and without seed inoculation aiming to control Aphanomyces cochlioides - root decay agent was studied. The trial lasted for three years on two soil types (Mollic Gleysols and Eutric Cambisols). The following parameters of sugar beet yield and quality were investigated: root yield, sugar content, sugar in molasses, sugar yield as well as percentage of the infected and decayed plants as a consequence of parasite fungus infestation. The highest average sugar beet root yield was obtained in the variant of the seed treated with fungicide Thiram 42-S and inoculated with bacterium P. fluorescens (85.15 t/ha). However, there were no statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) between the above-mentioned variant and the one with seed inoculated only with bacterium P. fluorescens (84.63 t/ha). The highest mean sugar content of 16.39% was also accomplished during the three-year investigation in the variant of the inoculated seed treated by fungicide Thiram 42-S. All other variants accomplished statistically very significantly lower values of this parameter. The same variant was characterized by the highest mean sugar yield value (12.79 t/ha) on both soil types. Namely, an average sugar yield of the variants inoculated with bacteria was 11.22 t/ha and by 44.22% higher compared to an average yield of non-inoculated variants. The highest percent of the infected and decayed plants (average value on both soil types in the three year investigation) was reported in the control variant (28.92% infected and 25.00% decayed plants) whereas the lowest one was detected in the variant of the seed inoculated with bacterium P. fluorescens in combination with low dose of fungicide Thiram 42-S (4.70% infected plants and 2.88% decayed plants). An average percent of the infected plants inoculated with bacterium P. fluorescens was 9.13% whereas the aforesaid value of the plants infected with parasitic fungus A. cochlioides in non-inoculated variants was by 146.00% higher being 22.42%. Keywords: Pseudomonas fluorescens, Aphanomyces cochlioides, fungicides, sugar beet, seed inoculation, yield, quality Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 314-320 Volume: 52 Issue: 7 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/3447-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3447-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200607-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:52:y:2006:i:7:id:3447-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: H. Merdun Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü Imam University, Turkey Title: Pedotransfer functions for point and parametric estimations of soil water retention curve Abstract: A water retention curve is required for the simulation studies of water and solute transport in unsaturated or vadose zone. Unlike the direct measurement of water retention data, pedotransfer functions (PTFs) have attracted the attention of researchers for determining water retention curves from basic soil properties. The objective of this study was to develop and validate point and parametric PTFs for the estimation of water retention curve from basic soil properties such as particle-size distribution, bulk density, and porosity using multiple-linear regression technique and comparing the performances of point and two parametric methods using some evaluation criteria. 140 soil samples were collected from three different databases and divided as 100 and 40 for the derivation and validation of the PTFs. All three methods predicted water contents at selected water potentials and combined water retention curves pretty well, but van Genuchten's model performed the best in prediction. However, the differences among the methods in point and water retention curve predictions were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Prediction accuracies were evaluated by the coefficient of determination (R2) and the root mean square error (RMSE) between the measured and predicted values. The R2 and RMSE were 0.962 and 0.036, 0.994 and 0.067, and 0.946 and 0.082 for point and parametric (van Genuchten, and Brooks and Corey) methods, respectively, in predicting combined water retention curve. The three methods can be alternatively used in the estimation of water retention curves, but parametric methods are preferred for yielding continuous water retention functions used in flow and transport modeling. Keywords: comparison, regression, soil properties, validation Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 321-327 Volume: 52 Issue: 7 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/3448-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3448-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200607-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:52:y:2006:i:7:id:3448-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Wiwart Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Breeding and Seed Production, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland Author-Name: M. Moś Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Breeding and Seed Production, Agricultural University, Kraków, Author-Name: T. Wójtowicz Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Breeding and Seed Production, Agricultural University, Kraków, Title: Studies on the imbibition of triticale kernels with a different degree of sprouting, using digital shape analysis Abstract: The imbibition of triticale kernels with a different degree of sprouting and with no visible sprouting symptoms was studied using digital image analysis and the classical weight method. Measurements were performed at two-hour intervals for the first 14 hours of imbibition, and at 24 and 26 hours. The area, perimeter, length and width of kernel images, and ten different shape factors were determined along with the weight of imbibing kernels. The germination capacity was determined on the seeds used for measurements. Kernels showing the lowest degree of sprouting were characterized by the highest rate of water uptake in comparison with the control. Most of shape descriptors were significantly correlated with kernel weight, especially image area (r = 0.688) and two shape factors (calculated on the basis of image perimeter and area) of S9 and S10 (r = 0.742 and 0.958, respectively), which makes them the best descriptors of image of imbibing seeds. Keywords: image analysis, imbibition, triticale, sprouting Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 328-334 Volume: 52 Issue: 7 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/3449-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3449-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200607-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:52:y:2006:i:7:id:3449-PSE