Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Abedi-Koupai Author-Workplace-Name: College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran Author-Name: B. Mostafazadeh-Fard Author-Workplace-Name: College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran Author-Name: M. Afyuni Author-Workplace-Name: College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran Author-Name: M.R. Bagheri Author-Workplace-Name: College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran Title: Effect of treated wastewater on soil chemical and physical properties in an arid region Abstract: This study was carried out to investigate the effect of treated wastewater on soil chemical and physical properties. Field experiment was conducted in Borkhar region in Isfahan province in central Iran with two water treatments of wastewater and groundwater under sprinkler and surface irrigation systems for three crops of sugar beet, corn and sunflower. Soil samples were collected to 120 cm depth to determine concentration of lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn). Irrigation systems had no significant effect on extractable heavy metals in soil. The accumulation of Pb, Mn, Ni and Co in the soil increased significantly in the wastewater treatment as compared to the groundwater treatment. The accumulation of Pb, Mn, Ni, Co, Cu and Zn decreases with the soil depth. Treated wastewater showed no effect on the increase of Fe, Cd, Ni, Cu and Zn during growing season. The irrigation system had a significant effect on infiltration rate, bulk density and total porosity. Under sprinkler irrigation system the infiltration rate increased significantly Keywords: treated wastewater, heavy metals, sprinkler irrigation, surface irrigation, infiltration Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 335-344 Volume: 52 Issue: 8 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/3450-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3450-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200608-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:52:y:2006:i:8:id:3450-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: G. Mühlbachová Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production, Prague-Ruzyne, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Tlustoš Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Title: Effects of liming on the microbial biomass and its activities in soils long-term contaminated by toxic elements Abstract: The effects of liming by CaO and CaCO3 on soil microbial characteristics were studied during laboratory incubation of long-term contaminated arable and grassland soils from the vicinity of lead smelter near Příbram (Czech Republic). The CaO treatment showed significant negative effects on soil microbial biomass C and its respiratory activity in both studied soils, despite the fact that microbial biomass C in the grassland soil increased sharply during the first day of incubation. The metabolic quotient (qCO2) in soils amended by CaO showed greater values than the control from the second day of incubation, indicating a possible stress of soil microbial pool. The vulnerability of organic matter to CaO could be indicated by the availability of K2SO4-extractable carbon that increased sharply, particularly at the beginning of the experiment. The amendment of soils by CaCO3 moderately increased the soil microbial biomass. The respiratory activity and qCO2 increased sharply during the first day of incubation, however it is not possible to ascribe them only to microbial activities, but also to CaCO3 decomposition in hydrogen carbonates, water and CO2. The pH values increased more sharply under CaO treatment in comparison to CaCO3 treatment. The improvement of soil pH by CaCO3 could be therefore more convenient for soil microbial communities. Keywords: liming, soil microbial biomass, respiratory activity, metabolic quotient qCO2, heavy metals Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 345-352 Volume: 52 Issue: 8 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/3451-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3451-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200608-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:52:y:2006:i:8:id:3451-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Vysloužilová Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic (Present address: Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Prague, Czech Republic) Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences in Vienna, Austria Author-Name: M. Puschenreiter Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences in Vienna, Austria Author-Name: G. Wieshammer Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences in Vienna, Austria Author-Name: W.W. Wenzel Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences in Vienna, Austria Title: Rhizosphere characteristics, heavy metal accumulation and growth performance of two willow (Salix × rubens) clones Abstract: High-biomass tree species holds promise for a clean up of metal contaminated soils. Root and fungal activities modify soil characteristics that are important factors for the phytoextraction process (metal availability and toxicity). In a rhizobox experiment, two clones of Salix × rubens derived from contaminated and non-contaminated sites were tested for growth performance and metal (Cd, Pb and Zn) accumulation on a polluted Calcaric Cambisol. The largest metal concentrations in leaves were 66.7 mg Cd/kg, 12.8 mg Pb/kg and 1090 mg Zn/kg. The results indicate that metal tolerance and accumulation of S. × rubens may be a constitutive rather than an adaptive property. Soil pH did not differ among rhizobox compartments. However, acid neutralization capacity was decreased in rhizosphere. DOC in rhizosphere was increased by 37% and seemed to enhance labile fraction of Pb and Zn, whereas Cd was not affected. The replenishment of labile metals from less labile soil fractions was efficient enough to almost compensate the plant uptake. S. × rubens can effectively induce chemical changes in the rhizosphere is very promising for a clean up of metal-polluted soils. Keywords: willow, Salix × rubens, phytoextraction, heavy metals, Cd, Pb, Zn, rhizobox, mobilization, soil pH Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 353-361 Volume: 52 Issue: 8 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/3452-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3452-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200608-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:52:y:2006:i:8:id:3452-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: R. Vácha Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Vysloužilová Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Horváthová Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Čechmánková Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Recommended maximum contents of persistent organic pollutants in sewage sludge for application on agricultural soils Abstract: The recommended maximum contents of the substances from the group of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in sludge for the application on agricultural soils were proposed. The list of the substances follows Czech legislative norms for soil protection (Directive of the Ministry of Environment No. 13/1994 Sb.). The list includes the groups of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (MAHs), the amount of six congeners of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB6), DDT and residues, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofuranes (PCDDs/Fs). Recommended maximum contents were proposed on the basis of the determination of background values of POPs in the set of 45 sludge samples from the wastewater factories in the territory of the Czech Republic. The results of vegetation experiments focused on the POPs in soil and plants after sludge application were used and the proposal of EU legislation Working Document on Sludge was investigated. Keywords: sewage sludge, persistent organic pollutants, recommended limit contents, agricultural soil Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 362-367 Volume: 52 Issue: 8 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/3453-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3453-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200608-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:52:y:2006:i:8:id:3453-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Gunes Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey Author-Name: N. Cicek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey Author-Name: A. Inal Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey Author-Name: M. Alpaslan Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey Author-Name: F. Eraslan Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey Author-Name: E. Guneri Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey Author-Name: T. Guzelordu Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey Title: Genotypic response of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivars to drought stress implemented at pre- and post-anthesis stages and its relations with nutrient uptake and efficiency Abstract: Uptake of mineral nutrients in chickpea cultivars might be an important response in drought tolerance. An experiment under controlled conditions was carried out to study the genotypic response of 11 chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivars to drought and its relations with N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn and B uptake and uptake efficiency. Plants were grown either optimal or drought stress implemented at pre- (early drought stress, EDS) and post-anthesis (late drought stress, LDS) stages. Growth reduction of the cultivars as a response to drought significantly differed. The results of the study indicated that EDS had less detrimental effects on growth and nutrient uptake than LDS conditions. In general, drought tolerant chickpea cultivars accumulated more N, P, K, Ca, Zn, Mn and B in both drought stress treatments except for Zn and Mn uptake in LDS treatment. The total nutrient uptake efficiency of the cultivars were also very significantly correlated with the growth reduction ration (GR) both in EDS and LDS treatments giving correlation coefficients (r) of -7859 and -0.7678, p < 0.01, respectively. Keywords: chickpea, drought, stress, tolerance, nutrient uptake efficiency Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 368-376 Volume: 52 Issue: 8 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/3454-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3454-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200608-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:52:y:2006:i:8:id:3454-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Haberle Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production, Prague-Ruzyne, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Svoboda Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production, Prague-Ruzyne, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Krejčová Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production, Prague-Ruzyne, Czech Republic Title: Uptake of mineral nitrogen from subsoil by winter wheat Abstract: The apparent uptake of mineral nitrogen (Nmin) from top- and subsoil layers during the growth of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was studied in Prague-Ruzyne on clay loam Chernozem soil in years 1996-2003. Two (N0, N1) and three treatments, unfertilized (N0), fertilized with 100 kg (N1) and 200 kg (N2) nitrogen per hectare were observed in years 1996-2000 and 2001-2003, respectively. The apparent uptake of nitrogen from soil layers was calculated from the changes of Nmin content between sampling terms. Most of available mineral N in the soil down to 90 cm was almost fully depleted between tillering and anthesis in treatment N0. The uptake from subsoil layers was delayed and it continued during the period of grain filling in fertilized treatments. Nitrogen fertilization reduced utilization of N from subsoil. The apparent uptake of N from the zone 50-120 cm ranged from 21 to 62 kg N/ha in N0 and from 15 to 60 kg N/ha in N1 in years 1996-2000. In years 2001-2003 the corresponding values (50-130 cm) were 24-104 kg, 43-130 kg and 29-94 kg N/ha in treatments N0, N1 and N2, respectively. The uptake from 120 (130)-150 cm was around zero in a half of experimental years, and it reached at maximum 12 kg/ha in N0 in 1997. There was a strong linear relation between the amount of Nmin in spring and the depletion of nitrogen from the zone 50-120 (130) cm, R2 = 0.94, 0.91 and 0.99 in N0, N1 and N2, respectively. Keywords: mineral nitrogen, Nmin, available N supply, N depletion, subsoil, rooting depth, winter wheat Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 377-384 Volume: 52 Issue: 8 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/3455-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3455-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200608-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:52:y:2006:i:8:id:3455-PSE