Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Z. Nesvadba Author-Workplace-Name: AgriculturalResearch Institute Kroměříž, Ltd., Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Agrotest fyto, Ltd., Kroměříž, Czech Republic Author-Name: T. Vyhnánek Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry in Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: I. Ježíšková Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry in Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Tvarůžek Author-Workplace-Name: AgriculturalResearch Institute Kroměříž, Ltd., Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Agrotest fyto, Ltd., Kroměříž, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Špunarová Author-Workplace-Name: AgriculturalResearch Institute Kroměříž, Ltd., Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Agrotest fyto, Ltd., Kroměříž, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Špunar Author-Workplace-Name: AgriculturalResearch Institute Kroměříž, Ltd., Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Agrotest fyto, Ltd., Kroměříž, Czech Republic Title: Evaluation of spring barley genotypes with different susceptibility to Fusarium head blight using molecular markers Abstract: One of cereal diseases that has gained a greater importance for growers, processing industry as well as for breeders in many regions of the world is Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused by fungi of the Fusarium genus. The objectives of this study were to test diversity among spring barley breeding lines exhibiting various sensitivity to FHB and to find RAPD markers and AFLP markers that will distinguish between susceptible and resistant and/or moderately resistant genotypes. A test of a set of spring barley genotypes artificially infected by fusaria in field trials was carried out. Based on the results from field and laboratory evaluation and deoxynivalenol (DON) content assessment, barley genotypes with different responses to FHB were selected. The genotypes were hybridized and doubled haploid (DH) lines were derived in F1 generation using the in vitro androgenesis method. Initial parental components and derived DH lines were tested for FHB infection and DON content. A set of parental genotypes of spring barley was tested with 80 RAPD markers. A RAPD marker (H30) was detected which enabled to distinguish between very susceptible parental genotypes and other resistant or moderately resistant spring barley genotypes based on the fragment of about 1300 bp. This specific product was screened in 23 DH lines derived from crosses of parental genotypes of spring barley and detected in 10 DH lines. During the study, some DH lines were selected that exhibited improved resistance to Fusarium infection. A low infection level and low DON content was found in the line DH 4/2 derived from CI 4196 × Foster. The AFLP technique was used to analyse parental genotypes of spring barley. The detected markers can be further evaluated and employed to select breeding materials. Keywords: spring barley, Fusarium head blight, deoxynivalenol, doubled haploid lines, RAPD, AFLP Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 485-491 Volume: 52 Issue: 11 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/3538-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3538-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200611-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:52:y:2006:i:11:id:3538-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Pavlovkin Author-Workplace-Name: Instituteof Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic Author-Name: I. Mistríková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic Author-Name: M. Luxová Author-Workplace-Name: Instituteof Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic Author-Name: I. Mistrík Author-Workplace-Name: Instituteof Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic Title: Effects of beauvericin on root cell transmembrane electric potential, electrolyte leakage and respiration of maize roots with different susceptibility to Fusarium Abstract: Effect of beauvericin on root cell transmembrane electric potential (EM), electrolyte leakage and respiration of roots were studied in two maize cultivars (Zea mays L.) with different susceptibility to this toxigenic metabolite produced by Fusarium. Beauvericin treatment induced rapid and significant depolarisation of membrane potentials of the outer cortical cells of maize roots of tolerant cv. Lucia. The range of depolarisation was dose dependent with maximum depolarisation of 55 mV (55 ± 7 mV, n = 7) at 200µM beauvericin. In contrast, membrane potentials of beauvericin susceptible cv. Pavla was only slightly depolarised by identical concentrations of beauvericin and the value of depolarisation represented only half of the value of tolerant cv. Lucia (27 ± 6 mV, n = 8). The values of membrane potentials of root cells of tolerant cv. Lucia were higher (137 ± 9 mV, n = 26) and more electrogenic (60 ± 2 mV, n = 3) than in susceptible cv. Pavla (125 ± 7 mV, n = 28), (47 ± 2 mV, n = 3), respectively. Our results confirmed that 2 h treatment with 50µM beauvericin does not cause irreversible changes in plasma membrane H+-ATPase, because fusicoccin, an H+-ATPase activator diminished the depolarizing effect of beauvericin on the EM. Further experiments revealed beauvericin-induced increase of membrane conductivity in root cells of Pavla but not in root cells of Lucia. Time-coarse experiments showed that 25µM beauvericin induced slight, but significant inhibition of root respiration in both cultivars during the first two hours of treatment, and the inhibition was higher in cv. Lucia than in cv. Pavla. The depolarisation of EM in the outer cortical cells of maize roots may be the result of a cumulative effect of beauvericin on ATP supply, activity of H+-ATPase and mainly on the permeability of plasmalemma. Increased beauvericin tolerance in maize might be associated with the increased ability of tolerant plant to maintain normal ion fluxes and membrane potentials across the plasmalemma of root cells in the presence of beauvericin. Keywords: beauvericin phytotoxicity, membrane potential (EM), diffusion potential (ED), conductivity (µ S), respiration, fusicoccin (FC), maize root (Zea mays L.) Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 492-498 Volume: 52 Issue: 11 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/3539-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3539-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200611-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:52:y:2006:i:11:id:3539-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Vanaja Author-Workplace-Name: Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Santhoshnagar, Hyderabad, India Author-Name: P. Ratnakumar Author-Workplace-Name: Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Santhoshnagar, Hyderabad, India Author-Name: P. Vagheera Author-Workplace-Name: Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Santhoshnagar, Hyderabad, India Author-Name: M. Jyothi Author-Workplace-Name: Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Santhoshnagar, Hyderabad, India Author-Name: P. Raghuram Reddy Author-Workplace-Name: Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Santhoshnagar, Hyderabad, India Author-Name: N. Jyothi Lakshmi Author-Workplace-Name: Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Santhoshnagar, Hyderabad, India Author-Name: M. Maheshwari Author-Workplace-Name: Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Santhoshnagar, Hyderabad, India Author-Name: S.K. Yadav Author-Workplace-Name: Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Santhoshnagar, Hyderabad, India Title: Initial growth responses of blackgram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) under elevated CO2and moisture stress Abstract: An attempt was made to understand the interactive effect of the elevated CO2 and moisture stress on germination and initial growth responses of blackgarm (Vigna mungo L. Hepper). Four open top chambers (OTCs) were used for different conditions: irrigated with ambient CO2 (365 ppm), irrigated with elevated CO2 (600 ppm), moisture stress with ambient CO2 and moisture stress with elevated CO2. The percentage of germination, germination speed, emergence index, and vigor index were measured on the 5th and 6th day after sowing (DAS). Plants were harvested at different time intervals, i.e. on 7, 14, 21 and 28 DAS; leaf area and dry weights of the seedlings were recorded. It was observed that moisture stress in general reduced the germination in all the conditions and affected seedling growth of blackgram. Germination percentage, emergence index, germination speed and vigor index were increased with elevated CO2 under both irrigated and moisture stress conditions. Plants grown with elevated CO2 were taller and attained a greater leaf area along with more biomass than ambient CO2 levels under irrigated and moisture stress conditions at all time intervals. The increase in the germination, larger leaf area and dry matter of root, shoot and leaf proved that CO2 enrichment of the atmosphere will be beneficial for the crops for better establishment and greater productivity. Keywords: elevated CO2, blackgram, moisture stress, germination, biomass, leaf area Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 499-504 Volume: 52 Issue: 11 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/3540-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3540-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200611-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:52:y:2006:i:11:id:3540-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Wyszkowska Author-Workplace-Name: University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland Author-Name: M. Wyszkowski Author-Workplace-Name: University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland Title: Role of compost, bentonite and lime in recovering the biochemical equilibrium of diesel oil contaminated soil Abstract: The aim of the study was to determine how soil contamination with diesel oil affected biochemical properties of soil and to determine whether the application of compost, bentonite or lime could recover the biochemical equilibrium of soil. The experiments were carried out in a greenhouse. Typical Eutric Cambisols soil formed from sandy loam was polluted with the following amounts of diesel oil: 2.5, 5.0 and 10 cm3/kg of soil. The results of the tests showed that the contamination of soil with diesel oil at the amount between 2.5 and 10 cm3/kg of soil disturbed the biochemical balance of soil. Irrespective of the application of compost, bentonite or lime and regardless which plant species was grown, diesel oil significantly (p = 0.01) stimulated the activity of dehydrogenases, urease, and alkaline phosphatase as well as the nitrification of soil. Enrichment of soil with compost, bentonite or lime stimulated the activity of urease, alkaline phosphatase and nitrification. The activity of dehydrogenases, urease and nitrification of soil, in contrast to the activity of acid phosphatase, was higher in soil under spring oilseed rape than in soil under oats. The activity of dehydrogenases, urease, alkaline phosphatase in soil contaminated with diesel oil was positively correlated with the nitrification of soil. The correlation between the activity of acid phosphatase and soil nitrification was negative. Keywords: diesel oil contamination, activity of dehydrogenases, urease, phosphatases, nitrification, compost, bentonite, lime Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 505-514 Volume: 52 Issue: 11 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/3541-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3541-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200611-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:52:y:2006:i:11:id:3541-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. Iptas Author-Workplace-Name: Gaziosmanpasa University, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokat, Turkey Author-Name: A.A. Acar Author-Workplace-Name: Aegean Agricultural Research Institute, Menemen-Izmir, Turkey Title: Effects of hybrid and row spacing on maize forage yield and quality Abstract: This study was conducted to determine the effect of row spacing (40, 60 and 80 cm) on forage dry matter (DM) yield and quality of four hybrids grown in the years 2001 and 2002. The highest DM yield was obtained from the Arifiye (24.1 and 22.4 t/ha) while the lowest DM yield was obtained from Pioneer 3163 (19.9 and 19.8 t/ha) in the years 2001 and 2002, respectively. As row spacing increased, DM yield as an average of two years decreased from 27.2 to 16.6 t/ha. No differences were found among row spacing for DM content, harvest index (HI) and ear content. As row spacing increased, whole-plant acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content increased from 214 to 227 g/kg and from 420 to 451 g/kg during the year 2001, respectively. However, ADF content decreased from 281 to 267 g/kg and NDF contents decreased from 530 to 515 g/kg with increasing row spacing during the year 2002. In this study, hybrids showed distinct differences for crude protein, ADF and NDF contents in both years. Forage quality parameter including ADF and NDF of Pioneer 3163, TTM 8119 and Karadeniz Yildizi were higher than Arifiye hybrid. Keywords: silage maize, row spacing, dry matter yield, harvest index, crude protein, acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 515-522 Volume: 52 Issue: 11 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/3543-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3543-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200611-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:52:y:2006:i:11:id:3543-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Y. Cui Author-Workplace-Name: College of Resources and Environment, Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China Author-Name: Q. Wang Author-Workplace-Name: Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Title: Physiological responses of maize to elemental sulphur and cadmium stress Abstract: The physiological response to application of elemental sulphur (S) and cadmium (Cd) of maize (Zea mays L.) grown for 60 days in pot soil was studied. The S was added into the soil with 2 rates (0 and 50 mmol/kg) and Cd was added in solution in 4 rates (0, 20, 50, 100 mg/kg). All the S and Cd were added before planting. Shoot biomass decreased with the application of Cd to the soil whether S was applied or not. The application of S and Cd to soil led to an increasing accumulation of Cd in the shoots of maize. The concentration of chlorophyll was reduced significantly in Cd-treated plants with or without supplementary S. The content of malondialdehyde (MDA) was increased significantly in treatments with S and Cd, compared to the control. The activity of peroxidases (POD) was increased but catalase (CAT) was decreased in plants treated with Cd, again with or without S, in comparison with control. POD and CAT activities decreased in all the Cd treated plants with S, as compared to the plants without S. The results suggest that Cd reduces the crop growth, concentration of chlorophyll and activity of CAT, but increases the content of MDA and activity of POD. S supplies decrease the content of MDA, activities of POD and CAT, as compared to zero S supplies at the same rate of Cd application. Keywords: maize, elemental sulphur, cadmium, chlorophyll, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzymes Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 523-529 Volume: 52 Issue: 11 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/3542-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3542-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200611-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:52:y:2006:i:11:id:3542-PSE