Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: H.A.H. Hasan Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt Title: Role of rock phosphate in alleviation of heavy metals stress on Fusarium oxysporum Abstract: An endophytic fungus of soyabean (Glycine max) roots, Fusarium oxysporum, was used to study its activity under heavy metals (Cd2+, Mn2+ and Zn2+) stress and the role of rock phosphate (RP) in alleviation of the stress. F. oxysporum growth, amino acids and protein were increased by increasing RP concentration (1-6 g/l) after 8 and 14 days. Heavy metals (HM) have a stressing effect on F. oxysporum - a significant decrease of amino acids, protein and accumulation of sugar at 1mM/l follows a descending order of Cd2+ > Mn2+ > Zn2+. RP is altering the stressing effects of metal on F. oxysporum by a significant growth improvement at 3 and 6 g/l RP, increase of amino acids, protein and decrease of sugar. The solubilization of RP increased under HM application, which may be attributed to an increase of the adsorption of HM by increasing RP concentration. RP has the highest adsorption affinity for Cd2+ (81%) followed by Zn2+ (71%) and Mn2+(55%). Keywords: heavy metals, cadmium, manganese, zinc, Fusarium oxysporum, rock phosphate Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 1-6 Volume: 53 Issue: 1 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/2288-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2288-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200701-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:53:y:2007:i:1:id:2288-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Turan Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey Author-Name: A. Esringü Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey Title: Phytoremediation based on canola (Brassica napus L.) and Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) planted on spiked soil by aliquot amount of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn Abstract: The use of plants to remove heavy metals from soil (phytoremediation) is expanding due to its cost-effectiveness as compared to conventional methods and it has revealed a great potential. Since contaminants such as Pb or Cd have a limited bioavailability in the soil, methods to facilitate their transport to the shoots and roots of plants are required for successful phytoremediation. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of addition of different rates (0, 3, 6 and 12 mmol/kg) of ethylene diaminetetraacetate (EDTA) on heavy metal availability in soils contaminated with 50 mg/kg Cd (CdCl2), 50 mg/kg Cu (CuSO4), 50 mg/kg Pb [Pb(NO3)2] and 50 mg/kg Zn (ZnSO4), and on the capacity of canola (Brassica napus L.) and Indian mustard (Brassica junceaL.) plants to uptake Cu, Cd, Pb and Zn in a growth chamber. Results indicated that EDTA application increased heavy metal availability and uptake by plants. Significant differences were obtained in both species and plant parts. As for plant species tested, canola was more effective in the uptake of Cu, Cd, Pb and Zn. Root heavy metal uptake of both species was higher than shoot heavy metal uptake. Keywords: canola, Indian mustard, heavy metal availability, EDTA, phytoextraction Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 7-15 Volume: 53 Issue: 1 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/3188-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3188-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200701-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:53:y:2007:i:1:id:3188-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. Kužel Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Cígler Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Hrubý Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Vydra Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Czech Republic Author-Name: D. Pavlíková Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Tlustoš Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Title: The effect of simultaneous magnesium application on the biological effects of titanium Abstract: Most of the works published since the beginning of the 20th century have brought interesting results about beneficial effects of titanium (Ti) on plants, but much less is known about its phytotoxic effects at higher doses. Here we demonstrate the influence of Mg treatment on the phytotoxic effects of Ti. Mg, Ti + Mg and two different concentrations of Ti leaf sprays were applied on oats (Avena sativa L. cv. Zlaťák) grown on three different soil types (Fluvisol, Luvisol and Chernozem). Physiological parameters of oats as well as some essential elements contents were analyzed. The foliar applications of Ti caused significant toxic manifestations on oats at ≥ 10 mg/kg concentrations. Mg partially ammeliorates these toxic effects if applied together with Ti. The effect was strong on Fluvisol, but weaker on Chernozem and Luvisol. Ti effects are more significant the further the soil is from the nutritional optimum of the plants. This is most evident in the case of Fluvisol, which is deficient in Mg, Fe, Mn, and Zn. It seems that Ti possesses a generally equalizing effect on the elements content in the plant. Keywords: titanium, magnesium, iron, plants, Avena sativa L., nutrition, hormesis, toxicity Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 16-23 Volume: 53 Issue: 1 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/3189-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3189-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200701-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:53:y:2007:i:1:id:3189-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: L. Kolář Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Czech Republic Author-Name: F. Klimeš Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Gergel Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Švecová Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Czech Republic Title: Relationship between soil organic matter lability and liming requirement in acid sandy-loam cambisols Abstract: It is evident that the presence of organic matters in soil considerably influences by its microbial oxidation to CO2 the requirement for calcareous compounds as well as the necessary amelioration dose of lime to reduce incurred soil acidity as the impact of balanced buffering CO2-HCO3- system, the more labile the organic matters are. If we take into consideration that the content of soil water per hectare of topsoil is, at the total weight of 6 × 106 kg, approximately, in analyzed sandy-loam soils 1.2 × 106 litre, in the given experiment soil water is just able to use up to 220 kg CaCO3/ha for the fixation of free surplus CO2 to the value of equilibrium CO2, at zero elution! From this process, even 300-400 kg water-soluble Ca(HCO3)2 result. Of course, the ion exchange and the buffering system of the soil have further requirements for Ca compounds. Consequently, an unambiguous conclusion is: doses of calcareous compounds cannot be calculated only with the aim of reducing soil acidity and consumption of Ca nutrient by plants as it is common in the other nutrients. In a practical experiment in watersheds of nine Šumava brooks of the total area of 78.5 km2 we studied changes in the stability of soil organic matters in the soils of these brooks in relation to variations in calcium carbonate equilibriums in waters from these watersheds in 1986-2004. The loss of the least stable fraction of soil organic matters, and the associated loss of the microbial activity of soils, were found to lead to a decrease in Langelier saturation index Is in the waters, hence to a reduction in water corrosivity against CaCO3, and so to a smaller need of liming to establish the calcium carbonate equilibrium in soil solutions even though exchange and active acidity of soil increased. Keywords: liming, soil water, carbonate equilibrium, CaCO3 consumption Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 24-32 Volume: 53 Issue: 1 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/3190-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3190-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200701-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:53:y:2007:i:1:id:3190-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: F. Klimeš Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Kolář Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Květ Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Systems Biology and Ecology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Třeboň, Czech Republic Author-Name: W. Opitz Von Boberfeld Author-Workplace-Name: Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Germany Author-Name: H. Laser Author-Workplace-Name: Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Germany Title: Methodological aspects in the study of species richness, diversity and homotony of grass cover Abstract: This work proposes a new method for the assessment of species richness, diversity, and homotony in related vegetation relevés of grass swards. Hypothetical vegetation relevés with identical species number but differing constancy were generated to compare the techniques describing the species variety and diversity. By calculating these theoretical values in combination with data from real swards of Alopecuretum meadows, it has been shown that the determination of the constancy of particular species is essential for the evaluation of species diversity of grass swards. The relationship between the share of different combinations of vegetation relevés in the whole sample and corresponding total number of plant species were expressed by generating regression equations and the mid values of these curves were worked out and evaluated for individual sets of relevés; it was then possible to create homotony/heterotony indices for these sets. The indices of heterotony can be used, e.g., for expressing biotope diversity within a set of vegetation relevés from different stands. Keywords: species richness, species diversity, grass stand, stands homotony, methodological approaches Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 33-41 Volume: 53 Issue: 1 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/3191-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3191-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200701-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:53:y:2007:i:1:id:3191-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Fiala Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production. Prague-Ruzyne, Grassland Research Station Liberec, Czech Republic Title: The development of above-ground biomass in unmanaged grasslands and its influence on the leakage of water and the amount of elements found Abstract: The influence of various forms of farming on unmanaged grasslands was monitored with regard to the accumulation of the above-ground biomass (litter + mulching) and its influence on the leakage of rainfall and the amount of elements in lysimetric waters. In 2001-2005, the highest accumulation was observed in variants 1× mulched in the later term and on green fallow (on average 2.11-1.13 t of dry matter/ha). In comparison with the control site, a conclusive increase always occurred. An interannual increase of dry matter amounted to 0.4-5.2% of the total above-ground biomass. A negative correlative dependency on rainfall leakage on this material was discovered; at a depth of 0.4 m 4-10% of the rainfall leaked, but it had a significant influence on the wash out of Ca, Mg and S. The leakage of water affected a wash out of Nmin, P, K, Ca, Mg and S more than the weight of dry matter of the above-ground biomass. With the exception of P, the elements showed a downward tendency over five years. The above-mentioned forms of farming annually increased the accumulation of the above-ground biomass by 0.05-0.16 t of dry matter/ha; however, they do not endanger underground waters by washing out minerals. After a five-year period, a disturbance of the ecological stability of grassland did not occur. Keywords: unmanaged grasslands, accumulation of above-ground biomass, lysimetric water, nutrients Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 42-50 Volume: 53 Issue: 1 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/3192-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3192-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200701-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:53:y:2007:i:1:id:3192-PSE