Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: E. Jastrzębska Author-Workplace-Name: University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland Author-Name: J. Kucharski Author-Workplace-Name: University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland Title: Dehydrogenases, urease and phosphatases activities of soil contaminated with fungicides Abstract: A greenhouse experiment was performed to determine the effects of the fungicides containing cyprodinil as well as dimoxystrobin and epoxiconazole on the activity of soil enzymes: dehydrogenases, urease, acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase, depending on fungicide dose (0 - control, 1 - recommended dose, 10-fold dose and 100-fold dose), the method of soil management (soil cropped with spring barley cv. Start, and uncropped soil) and the time of fungicide action (14, 28, 42 and 56 days). The experiment was established on Eutric Cambisols with pHKCl = 6.7. It was found that the enzymatic activity of the soil was affected primarily by such factors as fungicide dose, method of soil management and time of fungicide action, and to a much lesser degree by the type of fungicide. Fungicide contamination of the soil significantly inhibited the activity of dehydrogenases and urease, and produced a significant negative effect (100-fold dose) on spring barley yield. A higher activity of dehydrogenases, urease, acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase was recorded in the soil cropped with spring barley cv. Start. Keywords: fungicides, cyprodinil, dimoxystrobin, epoxiconazole, soil contamination, dehydrogenases, urease, phosphatases Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 51-57 Volume: 53 Issue: 2 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/2296-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2296-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200702-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:53:y:2007:i:2:id:2296-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Turan Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, Atatürk University in Erzurum, Turkey Author-Name: N. ATAOGLU Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, Atatürk University in Erzurum, Turkey Author-Name: F. Şahin Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Genetic and Bioengineering, Yeditepe University in Istanbul, Turkey Title: Effects of Bacillus FS-3 on growth of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) plants and availability of phosphorus in soil Abstract: The effects of phosphate solubilizing bacterium (Bacillus FS-3) application on phosphorus contents of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) plant, growing performance and phosphorus forms in soil were evaluated under greenhouse condition. Five different phosphorus fertilizer treatments (normal superphosphate, triple superphosphate, di-ammonium phosphate, phosphoric acid, and rock phosphate) with and without bacterium (Bacillus FS-3) were applied in pots as 344 kg P/ha. Basal fertilizers were applied to all the pots as 180 kg N/ha (NH4NO3 33% N), 100 kg K/ha (K2SO4 50% K2O). The results obtained showed that phosphorus availability from soil increased with phosphate solubilizing bacterium (PSB) application. The amount of plant available form of soil phosphorus fraction (resin-Pi + NaHCO3-Pi + NaHCO3-Po + NaOH-Pi + NaOH-Po) increased with PSB application. In all fertilizer types, bacteria application converted approximately 20% of less available phosphorus into labile forms. Statistically significant differences were obtained in shoot and root dry weight of tomato plants treated with PSB application. In all of the fertilizers, plant shoot and root weight and P uptake were greater with PSB applications than without PSB. The highest shoot-root dry weight and P uptake of plant were determined in triple superphosphate (TSP) with PSB application treatment. The data in the present study suggest that the application of PSB (FS-3) may increase the availability of soluble phosphate by dissolving the inorganic forms of phosphate and that bacterial strain tested in this study has a potential to be used as a bio-fertilizer in sustainable and organic agriculture. Keywords: phosphorus availability, phosphorus solubilizing bacterium, rock phosphate, tomato Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 58-64 Volume: 53 Issue: 2 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/2297-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2297-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200702-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:53:y:2007:i:2:id:2297-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S.J. Miao Author-Workplace-Name: Northeast Institute of Geography and Agrio-Ecology, CAS, Harbin, China Author-Workplace-Name: Collegeof Resource and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin Heilongjiang, China Author-Workplace-Name: Graduate School, CAS, Beijing, China Author-Name: X.Z. Han Author-Workplace-Name: Northeast Institute of Geography and Agrio-Ecology, CAS, Harbin, China Author-Name: X.B. Liu Author-Workplace-Name: Northeast Institute of Geography and Agrio-Ecology, CAS, Harbin, China Author-Name: Y.F. Qiao Author-Workplace-Name: Northeast Institute of Geography and Agrio-Ecology, CAS, Harbin, China Title: Seedling treatments and phosphorus solution concentrations affect nodulation and nodule functions in soybean (Glycine max L.) Abstract: The effect of three seedling treatments: T0, normal germination; T1, cotyledons removed; T2, cotyledons removed 5 days earlier than in T1; and two phosphorus levels (P0 and P30) on nodulation and nodule function in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] were investigated in nutrient solution culture. The number of nodules formed at P0 was in the order T2 > T0 > T1, but it was T0 > T2 > T1 at P30. Nodule dry weight per plant had the same tendency as the nodule number. Nodule size (dry weight per nodule) in seedlings ranged from 0.601 to 1.089 mg in the order T0 > T1 > T2, regardless of P level. For example, nodule size in T0 was larger by 86% and 52% than T2 at P0 and P30, respectively. Furthermore, regardless of P level, a specific acetylene reduction activity (ARA, µM C2H4/h/g nodule) increased with P content in seedlings, but no significant difference was found (P < 0.05). Leghemoglobin (Lb) content was not significantly affected by P level; however, seedlings (T0 and T1) significantly affected the Lb content per unit plant biomass (P < 0.05). All these results suggest that seedling P content plays a key role in nodulation and nodule function of soybean. Keywords: soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. ], seedling, phosphorus nutrition, nitrogenase activity, leghemoglobin concentration Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 65-71 Volume: 53 Issue: 2 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/2301-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2301-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200702-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:53:y:2007:i:2:id:2301-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Domkářová Author-Workplace-Name: Potato Research Institute Havlíčkův Brod, Czech Republic Author-Name: B. Vokál Author-Workplace-Name: Potato Research Institute Havlíčkův Brod, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Horáčková Author-Workplace-Name: Potato Research Institute Havlíčkův Brod, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Brož Author-Workplace-Name: Potato Research Institute Havlíčkův Brod, Czech Republic Title: The greenhouse provocation test for determination of resistance to potato common scab [Streptomyces scabiei (ex Thaxter 1982) Lambert and Loria 1989] Abstract: Between 2002 and 2004 the evaluation method of resistance to common scab was tested on potato genetic resources. The resistance of potato tubers to common scab was evaluated in the greenhouse provocation tests with planting in naturally infested soil. The test was evaluated on the tubers of 26 varieties and hybrids of Solanum tuberosum derived from a potato genetic resource collection. Ten tubers of each sample were individually planted into three-liter pots containing infested soil. Analysis of variance confirmed significant differences among individual varieties and hybrids as well as among the years. A rating scale for the evaluation of resistance to common scab was designed. The genotypes ranked into scores 7 (high resistance) to 9 (very high resistance); on the new scale they could be considered perspective genetic resources in breeding for improvement of the level of this character. The evaluated set consisted of genotypes: Samantana, Karin, Monika, Impala, Santé, Annabelle, YP 94-067, YP 91-123, BEE J 85, Viola, and Granola. Keywords: potato, common scab, potato genetic resources Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 72-80 Volume: 53 Issue: 2 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/2300-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2300-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200702-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:53:y:2007:i:2:id:2300-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Vanaja Author-Workplace-Name: Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Santhoshnagar, Hyderdabad, India Author-Name: P. Raghuram Reddy Author-Workplace-Name: Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Santhoshnagar, Hyderdabad, India Author-Name: N. Jyothi Lakshmi Author-Workplace-Name: Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Santhoshnagar, Hyderdabad, India Author-Name: M. Maheswari Author-Workplace-Name: Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Santhoshnagar, Hyderdabad, India Author-Name: P. Vagheera Author-Workplace-Name: Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Santhoshnagar, Hyderdabad, India Author-Name: P. Ratnakumar Author-Workplace-Name: Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Santhoshnagar, Hyderdabad, India Author-Name: M. Jyothi Author-Workplace-Name: Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Santhoshnagar, Hyderdabad, India Author-Name: S.K. Yadav Author-Workplace-Name: Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Santhoshnagar, Hyderdabad, India Author-Name: B. Venkateswarlu Author-Workplace-Name: Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Santhoshnagar, Hyderdabad, India Title: Effect of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations on growth and yield of blackgram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) - a rainfed pulse crop Abstract: The response of blackgram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) to two levels of elevated carbon dioxide (550 and 700 ppm) in terms of growth and yield was investigated and compared with ambient CO2 level (365 ppm) using open-top chambers. The growth parameters viz., length and weight of root and shoot, root:shoot ratio, leaf area and weight significantly increased at 700 ppm CO2 when compared with 550 ppm. The percentage increase in total biomass at 700 and 550 ppm CO2 was 65.4% and 39%, respectively compared to the ambient (chamber) control. The increase in total seed yield at 700 ppm (129%) was due to an increase in number of pods per plant and 100 seed weight, whereas at 550 ppm (88.7%) it was due to an increased number of pods/plant and seeds/pod. The results indicate variable responsive effects at different levels of CO2 emphasizing the pertinence of research on elevated CO2 in various agroecological inhabitations all over the world. The indication of higher responses for root and leaf at initial growth stages at the higher elevated level of CO2 (700 ppm), which leads to better root establishment, achieving early photosynthetic efficiency and also better biomass production, and its improved partitioning can be reckoned as a positive aspect of increasing concentrations of CO2 in atmosphere. The harvest index increased significantly to 35.7 and 38.4% at 550 and 700 ppm, respectively; it is a very important phenomenon in pulses for breaking the yield barrier. Keywords: elevated carbon dioxide, blackgram, growth, yield, open-top chambers Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 81-88 Volume: 53 Issue: 2 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/2298-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2298-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200702-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:53:y:2007:i:2:id:2298-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Matula Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production, Prague-Ruzyne, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Pechová Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production, Prague-Ruzyne, Czech Republic Title: The influence of gypsum treatment on the acquirement of nutrients from soils by barley Abstract: The aim of the present paper was to determine the impact of gypsum treatment of soils on initial growth and nutrient uptake by spring barley. Topsoil from 36 different farmed fields was used for the research. Two variants were established for each soil: control - without gypsum application, and response variant - with the application of 3.3 ppm CaSO4.2 H2O. Barley was grown on these soils for 21 days in a plant growth chamber under controlled conditions of cultivation. Concentrations of nutrients (N, NO3-, P, S, K, Mg, Ca, Na, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, B and Mo) were determined in the yield of barley shoot biomass. Paired t-test was used for the evaluation of results. After the gypsum treatment the yield of barley shoot biomass was significantly higher (by 15% on average) and nitrogen utilisation was better on all soils. The concentration of sulphur increased five times on average and Ca concentration increased by 22%. Significant increases were measured in Mg, Mn and Cu. Insignificant differences were recorded in K, Na, Fe and Zn. The uptake of anion nutrients (P, B and Mo) was influenced significantly. The concentration of P and Mo decreased on average by 28% and 31%, respectively. B concentration was higher by 10% on average. Keywords: soils, gypsum, nutrient uptake, barley, N, P, S, K, Mg, Ca, Na, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, B, Mo Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 89-96 Volume: 53 Issue: 2 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/2299-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2299-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200702-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:53:y:2007:i:2:id:2299-PSE