Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Balík Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: D. Pavlíková Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Tlustoš Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Černý Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Jakl Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic Title: The fluctuation of copper content in oilseed rape plants (Brassica napus L.) after the application of nitrogen and sulphur fertilizers Abstract: The influence of N-S fertilizers on the copper content in the inter oilseed rape plants was studied in field experiments. The evaluation involved two treatments of a single rate for the first spring fertilizer application with 100 kg N/ha in the AN treatment (nitrochalk) and 100 kg N/ha + 50 kg S/ha in the ANS treatment (ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulphate). A positive influence of the ANS fertilizer on the copper contents in different parts of plants was determined. The highest Cu concentrations were determined in the leaves and inflorescences, the lowest ones occurred in the stem. The concentration of Cu ranged within the interval of 1.56-8.75 mg Cu/kg of dry matter depending on the growth period and the part of the plant. No differences in copper content were determined in the seeds of individual treatment. The highest uptake in the above-ground parts of the plants was recorded in the green pod period and amounted to 57.4 g Cu/ha for the ANS treatment. Keywords: copper, sulphur, winter oilseed rape, N-S fertilizers Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 143-148 Volume: 53 Issue: 4 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/2309-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2309-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200704-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:53:y:2007:i:4:id:2309-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. Matula Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: K. Špongrová Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic Title: Pedotransfer function application for estimation of soil hydrophysical properties using parametric methods Abstract: Soil hydraulic properties are needed as input data to describe and simulate the transport of water and solutes in the soil profile. The most important characteristics are the soil moisture retention curve (SMRC) θ(h) and the hydraulic conductivity function k(θ) or k(h), where θ is the soil moisture content, h is the pressure head and k is the hydraulic conductivity. SMRC represents the amount of water remaining in the soil under equilibrium conditions and is unique for each soil. The measurement of SMRC is laborious and time-consuming and so there are not enough data available sometimes. Various SMRC estimation models have been proposed and used extensively to overcome this problem. Other more easily available soil properties, such as particle size distribution, organic matter content, soil structure and bulk density, were used for the estimation of SMRC. Bouma and van Lanen (1987) called these models "transfer functions", and later on they were called "pedotransfer functions". This study is based on European works by Wösten et al. (1998, 1999), and others. The pedotransfer functions derived by Wösten et al. (1998) were used in the first part of the study. In the second part, the authors derived their own pedotransfer functions for the sites where all necessary data were available. The methodology of data processing was similar to that used by Wösten et al. (1998) for continuous pedotransfer functions. The use of continuous pedotransfer functions was tested on data sets from several sites in the Czech Republic (Cerhovice, Černičí, Brozany, Ovesná Lhota, Tupadly, Džbánov, Podlesí and Žichlínek). Unfortunately, the available Czech data sets are not as large as the data sets used in Wösten's work. Quite good new estimates of SMRC (expressed as pF curves) were found e.g. for the Cerhovice and Černičí sites; the estimates for a man-made soil profile in Brozany and for natural soils in Ovesná Lhota, Tupadly, Džbánov, Podlesí and Žichlínek were less successful, partly because of insufficient input data. The applications of continuous pedotransfer functions derived by Wösten et al. (1998) for the Czech data sets were not very successful, either. The quality and size of the input data sets are critical factors for a successful use of pedotransfer functions. Keywords: soil moisture retention curve, pedotransfer function, multiple linear regressions, parametric method Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 149-157 Volume: 53 Issue: 4 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/2308-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2308-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200704-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:53:y:2007:i:4:id:2308-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M.N. Dos Santos Utmazian Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria Author-Name: P. Schweiger Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria Author-Name: P. Sommer Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria Author-Name: M. Gorfer Author-Workplace-Name: Department for Applied Plant Sciences and Plant Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria Author-Name: J. Strauss Author-Workplace-Name: Department for Applied Plant Sciences and Plant Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria Author-Name: W.W. Wenzel Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria Title: Influence of Cadophora finlandica and other microbial treatments on cadmium and zinc uptake in willows grown on polluted soil Abstract: We conducted a pot experiment to evaluate the Cd and Zn accumulation in leaves and roots of Salix smithiana (BOKU-03DE-001) and S. caprea (BOKU-01AT-004) clones grown on a metal-contaminated soil as affected by native microbes extracted from the same experimental soil, and the fungus Cadophora finlandica. Plant biomass production of S. smithiana was decreased in all the treatments compared to the sterilized control. In contrast, S. caprea grew best on the non-sterilized soil. Similar effects were observed for plant Zn and Cd contents. Microbial treatments affected metal accumulation differently in the two Salix species. The effects of the microbial treatments on biomass and metal content of leaves were not related to the degree of mycorrhization. A comparison with literature data suggests that the plant response to microbial inoculation in terms of metal accumulation may depend on the plant-internal metal concentration. Our findings also illustrate a difficulty of successful rhizosphere management using metal-tolerant microbial isolates to further enhance the phytoextraction process. Keywords: bacteria, metal, mycorrhiza, phytoextraction, tolerance, willow Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 158-166 Volume: 53 Issue: 4 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/2310-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2310-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200704-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:53:y:2007:i:4:id:2310-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: N. Narula Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Microbiology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India Author-Name: R. Remus Author-Workplace-Name: Institutefor Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Martin-Luther University, Halle-Wittenberg, Germany Author-Name: A. Deubel Author-Workplace-Name: Institutefor Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Martin-Luther University, Halle-Wittenberg, Germany Author-Name: A. Granse Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Microbiology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India Author-Name: S.S. Dudeja Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Breeding, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India Author-Name: R.K. Behl Author-Workplace-Name: Institutefor Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Martin-Luther University, Halle-Wittenberg, Germany Author-Name: W. Merbach Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Microbiology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India Title: Comparison of the effectiveness of wheat roots colonization by Azotobacter chroococcum and Pantoea agglomerans using serological techniques Abstract: Colonization of Azotobacter chroococcum Mac 27 strain on wheat roots was monitored using double antibody sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (DAS ELISA) and immuno-fluorescence in terms of colonization sites, migration and survival of the bacteria. Furthermore, the effectivity of inoculation of A. chroococcum and Pantoea agglomerans D5/23 strain on wheat plant parameters under greenhouse conditions was investigated. Studies with DAS ELISA revealed that root tip had significant titre of inoculants as compared to the basal root parts. A. chroococcum colonized roots as well as soil and also migrated along with roots. An overall increase in plant growth was observed with inoculation of these bacteria. Both A. chroococcum and P. agglomerans were found to increase plant dry matter, nitrogen and phosphate uptake. Keywords: Azotobacter chroococcum, Pantoea agglomerans, root colonization, serological testing, wheat, N and P uptake Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 167-176 Volume: 53 Issue: 4 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/2312-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2312-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200704-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:53:y:2007:i:4:id:2312-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: G.H. Wang Author-Workplace-Name: KeyLaboratory of Black Soil Ecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China Author-Name: J. Jin Author-Workplace-Name: KeyLaboratory of Black Soil Ecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China Author-Name: X.L. Chen Author-Workplace-Name: KeyLaboratory of Black Soil Ecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China Author-Name: J.D. Liu Author-Workplace-Name: KeyLaboratory of Black Soil Ecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China Author-Name: X.B. Liu Author-Workplace-Name: KeyLaboratory of Black Soil Ecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China Author-Name: S.J. Herbert Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant, Soil, and Insect Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA Title: Biomass and catabolic diversity of microbial communities with long-term restoration, bare fallow and cropping history in Chinese Mollisols Abstract: Microbial biomass and community catabolic diversities at three depths (0-10 cm, 20-30 cm, and 40-50 cm) in Chinese Mollisols as influenced by long-term managements of natural restoration, cropping and bare fallow were investigated. Microbial biomass was estimated from chloroform fumigation-extraction and substrate-induced respiration (SIR), and catabolic diversity was determined by using Biolog® EcoPlate. Experimental results showed that microbial biomass significantly declined with soil depth in the treatments of restoration and cropping, and not in the treatment of bare fallow, where the microbial biomass had a positive relationship with the total soil C content. The inspections into the catabolic capability of the microbial community at the same soil depth showed that the treatment of natural restoration had a relatively stronger metabolic ability than the cropping and bare fallow treatments. Shannon"s diversity index, substrate richness and substrate evenness calculated from the Biolog data were higher in the treatments of natural restoration and cropping than the bare fallow treatment with the same soil depth, and with the highest values in the top soil. Principal component analysis indicated that the catabolic profiles not only varied with the soil depth in each treatment, but also differed in the three treatments within the same soil depth. The catabolic profiles of the three treatments were similar to each other in the soil depth of 0-10 cm and distinctly different in the soil depths of 20-30 cm and 40-50 cm. These results suggest that it was microbial biomass rather than community function that was influenced by the different soil management in the topsoil (0-10 cm); in the relative depths, the soil microbial community function was more easily influenced than microbial biomass. Keywords: microbial community, functional diversity, Biolog® , black soil, soil depth Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 177-185 Volume: 53 Issue: 4 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/2313-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2313-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200704-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:53:y:2007:i:4:id:2313-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: V. Balakrishnan Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, India Author-Name: K. Venkatesan Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, India Author-Name: K.C. Ravindran Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, India Title: The influence of halophytic compost, farmyard manure and phosphobacteria on soil microflora and enzyme activities Abstract: Biocompost has been identified as an alternative to chemical fertilizers that increased soil microbial population and soil enzyme activities in sustainable farming. The objective of this field study was to evaluate the effect of three halophytic composts in combination with farmyard manure and phosphate solubilising bacteria (Bacillus megaterium) on soil microflora and enzyme activities. The results show that among nine treatments given, the application of Suaeda compost in combination with farmyard manure and phosphate solubilising bacteria (T9) significantly increased the soil microflora such as bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes and soil enzyme activities such as dehydrogenases, alkaline phosphatase, cellulase and urease in soil cultivated with Arachis hypogaea. Keywords: biocompost, halophytic compost, soil microflora, dehydrogenases, urease, alkaline phosphatase, cellulase, Arachis hypogaea Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 186-192 Volume: 53 Issue: 4 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/2311-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2311-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200704-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:53:y:2007:i:4:id:2311-PSE