Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: K. Klem Author-Workplace-Name: Agrotest fyto, Ltd., Kroměříž, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Váňová Author-Workplace-Name: Agrotest fyto, Ltd., Kroměříž, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Hajšlová Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: K. Lancová Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Sehnalová Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague, Czech Republic Title: A neural network model for prediction of deoxynivalenol content in wheat grain based on weather data and preceding crop Abstract: Deoxynivalenol (DON) is the most prevalent Fusarium toxin in Czech wheat samples and therefore forecasting this mycotoxin is a potentially useful tool to prevent it from entering into food chain. The data about DON content in wheat grain, weather conditions during the growing season and cultivation practices from two field experiments conducted in 2002-2005 were used for the development of neural network model designed for DON content prediction. The winning neural network is based on five input variables: a categorial variable - preceding crop, and continuous variables - average April temperature, sum of April precipitation, average temperature 5 days prior to anthesis, sum of precipitation 5 days prior to anthesis. The most important input parameters are the preceding crop and sum of precipitation 5 days prior to anthesis. The weather conditions in April, which are important for inoculum formation on crop debris are also of important contribution to the model. The weather conditions during May and 5 days after anthesis play only an insignificant role for the DON content in grain. The effect of soil cultivation was found inferior for model function as well. The correlation between observed and predicted data using the neural network model reached the coefficient R2 = 0.87. Keywords: Fusarium head blight, mycotoxins, forecast, crop rotation, soil cultivation, temperature, rainfall, epidemiology Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 421-429 Volume: 53 Issue: 10 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/2200-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2200-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200710-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:53:y:2007:i:10:id:2200-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Kummerová Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Experimental Biology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Váňová Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Experimental Biology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Chlorophyll fluorescence as an indicator of fluoranthene phototoxicity Abstract: The effect of the short-time exposure (12, 24 and 48 h) of increasing concentration (0.1, 1 and 10 mg/l) of intact (FLT) and photo-modified (phFLT) fluoranthene on the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (F0, FV/FM and ΦII) in pea plants (Pisum sativum L. cv. Lantra) was investigated. Plants took up both forms of fluoranthene by two different ways, via roots or via leaves. The obtained results demonstrated a significant increase in F0 and decrease in FV/FM and ΦII in plants treated by 1 and 10 mg/l FLT and phFLT. An earlier response to presence of FLT and phFLT in the environment was demonstrated by application on cut leaves. The primary processes of photosynthesis were not significantly influenced by short-time phFLT treatment. Keywords: fluoranthene, photo-modification, root uptake, foliar application, chlorophyll fluorescence, pea plants Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 430-436 Volume: 53 Issue: 10 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/2197-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2197-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200710-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:53:y:2007:i:10:id:2197-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: H. Šimková Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Olomouc, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Janda Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Olomouc, Czech Republic Author-Name: E. Hřibová Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Olomouc, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Šafář Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Olomouc, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Doležel Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Olomouc, Czech Republic Title: Cot-based cloning and sequencing of the short arm of wheat chromosome 1B Abstract: Sequencing of cereal genomes is not a feasible task due to their large size and high content of repetitive DNA sequences. There are two basic approaches to simplify analysis of such genomes: reduced representation approaches, such as EST sequencing, methyl filtration and Cot-based cloning and sequencing; on the other side there is analysis of genomes in a step-wise manner, e.g. through creation of chromosome-specific genomic resources. Combination of both approaches - i.e. Cot-based cloning and sequencing of DNA obtained from a chromosome-arm-specific BAC library - was tested in this work. Keywords: Cot, CBCS, Cot filtration, BAC library, 1 BS, wheat, genome analysis Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 437-441 Volume: 53 Issue: 10 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/2195-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2195-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200710-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:53:y:2007:i:10:id:2195-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: E. Michu Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic Title: A short guide to phylogeny reconstruction Abstract: This review is a short introduction to phylogenetic analysis. Phylogenetic analysis allows comprehensive understanding of the origin and evolution of species. Generally, it is possible to construct the phylogenetic trees according to different features and characters (e.g. morphological and anatomical characters, RAPD patterns, FISH patterns, sequences of DNA/RNA and amino acid sequences). The DNA sequences are preferable for phylogenetic analyses of closely related species. On the other hand, the amino acid sequences are used for phylogenetic analyses of more distant relationships. The sequences can be analysed using many computer programs. The methods most often used for phylogenetic analyses are neighbor-joining (NJ), maximum parsimony (MP), maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference. Keywords: sequence alignment, phylogenetic analysis, neighbor-joining, maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, Bayesian inference Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 442-446 Volume: 53 Issue: 10 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/2194-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2194-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200710-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:53:y:2007:i:10:id:2194-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Z. Kubát Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Chromosome walking with BAC clones as a method of genome mapping Abstract: Current sequencing projects are often based on random sequencing of genomic libraries followed by contig assembly by means of bioinformatics tools. This approach is convenient for whole genome sequencing projects. Chromosome walking described here is suitable for mapping and sequencing of short genomic regions in species where whole genome sequencing is not possible or for cloning gene from its closest known marker. This method is based on searching for overlapping BAC clones specific for the genomic region of interest. Keywords: BAC library, sequencing, physical mapping Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 447-450 Volume: 53 Issue: 10 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/2198-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2198-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200710-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:53:y:2007:i:10:id:2198-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Fulneček Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Isolation and detection of small RNA molecules Abstract: The article describes in detail methodical procedures for isolation of small RNA molecules, their electrophoresis, northern blotting and finally detection by hybridization with radioactively labeled riboprobes. The presented protocols were successfully introduced and used in our laboratory. Keywords: protocol, northern blotting, riboprobe Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 451-455 Volume: 53 Issue: 10 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/2196-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2196-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200710-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:53:y:2007:i:10:id:2196-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Kozak Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biometry, Warsaw Agricultural University, Warsaw, Poland Author-Name: S. Samborski Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agronomy, Warsaw Agricultural University, Warsaw, Poland Author-Name: M.S. Kang Author-Workplace-Name: Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India Author-Name: J. Rozbicki Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agronomy, Warsaw Agricultural University, Warsaw, Poland Title: Applying statistics for nonsequential yield component analysis - Information Abstract: In the paper, an application of the methodology for analyzing yield as affected by its components that develop at the same ontogenetic level is discussed; it may also be applied to any model in which several traits developing non-sequentially affect their product. The methodology is called "nonsequential yield component analysis". Two applications are presented; the proposed approach is compared with path analysis, commonly applied for yield component analysis, and Piepho's approach. In one example, grain yield of two cultivars of winter triticale (×Triticosecale Wittmack), Fidelio and Bogo, as affected by harvest index and biomass yield, was studied; the results of the three approaches compared were similar. However, in the study of nitrogen uptake as affected by nitrogen-uptake efficiency and crop nitrogen supply (the problem for which yield component analysis may be applied because of the underlying multiplicative model), the results of the methods were different. For both cultivars, path analysis and Piepho's method showed a much stronger influence of crop nitrogen supply on nitrogen uptake than that of nitrogen-uptake efficiency. In the proposed method, however, both these component traits influenced nitrogen uptake to a similar extent. The proposed method is shown to be methodologically better than the other approaches, and to provide different results in some situations. Hence, the new method should be used for nonsequential yield component analysis although it is suggested that path analysis may be applied if the determination coefficient of the linear model is close to 100%. Keywords: crop nitrogen supply, harvest index, nitrogen, nitrogen uptake efficiency, path analysis, yield components Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 456-463 Volume: 53 Issue: 10 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/2199-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2199-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200710-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:53:y:2007:i:10:id:2199-PSE