Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Hanč Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Tlustoš Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Száková Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Habart Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: K. Gondek Author-Workplace-Name: H. Kołłątaj Agricultural University of Cracow, Cracow, Poland Title: Direct and subsequent effect of compost and poultry manure on the bioavailability of cadmium and copper and their uptake by oat biomass Abstract: Direct and subsequent influence of added organic materials on changes of cadmium and copper bioavailability in soil and their accumulation in aboveground oat (Avena sativa L.) biomass was studied in a three-year experiment. Mineral NPK, poultry manure and two types of composts were used as fertilizers. The average portion of available cadmium and copper from their total content in soil in all treatments was 0.94% and 0.25%, respectively. After application of poultry manure the concentration of available Cd increased during experimental years, contrary to Cu. The Cd uptake increased proportionally with available Cd content in soil almost in all treatments during experimental years (correlation coefficient R = 0.54; P < 0.05). The Cu uptake was however different than Cd uptake, mainly in the second and third year. The lowest uptake of Cu was found in the first experimental year and was in close positive correlation with yields of dry biomass. Keywords: compost, soil, cadmium, copper, availability, oat Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 271-278 Volume: 54 Issue: 7 Year: 2008 DOI: 10.17221/424-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/424-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200807-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:54:y:2008:i:7:id:424-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: R. Vácha Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: H. Macurová Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Skála Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Havelková Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Čechmánková Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Horváthová Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Possibilities of some methods for risk assessment of arsenic load in soils Abstract: The paper deals with the possibilities of arsenic analysis in the soil. The aim is the selection and verification of the methods for analysis of As in the soil, which seem to be suitable for risk evaluation based on the increased As soil load. Economical and analytical availability of the methods is an important criterion. A sample set of 6 heavily contaminated soils was used to compare application potential of prevalent as well as less common procedures for determination of arsenic forms in soils. The results showed that substitution of analytically more demanding As total content analysis and sequential analysis for simple extraction using one-off agents seemed to be promising in many cases. The comparison and evaluation of statistical correlation of used methods of As analysis in the soil was realised. The results suggested that using the combination of simple 1M NH4NO3 extraction and determination procedure for amorphous Fe forms in the soil (the Tamm method) was suitable for the risk assessment stemming from the As contamination without necessity of the application of more complicated sequential extraction procedures. Keywords: arsenic, soil, arsenic fractionation, extraction agents Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 279-287 Volume: 54 Issue: 7 Year: 2008 DOI: 10.17221/419-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/419-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200807-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:54:y:2008:i:7:id:419-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A.M.A. Al-Hakimi Author-Workplace-Name: Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Taiz University, Taiz, Yemen Title: Effect of salicylic acid on biochemical changes in wheat plants under khat leaves residue Abstract: Residues of khat (Catha edulis Forskal) leaves in the soil showed an inhibitory effect on the dry mass, pectin and cellulose of wheat shoots and roots and cell wall-associated proteins of roots. The dry mass of shoots and roots significantly reduced and the reduction in roots was greater than in shoots. On the other hand, the contents of hemicellulose and lignin in both shoots and roots and cell wall-associated proteins of shoots were stimulated by the amount of khat leaves added to the soil. Soaking wheat caryopses in salicylic acid (SA) counteracted partially or completely the adverse effect of khat leaves residues on pectin and cellulose composition. The dry mass of wheat shoots and roots increased by SA to about 1.5-3 folds of SA-untreated plants. The content of hemicellulose and lignin of shoots and roots was antagonistically lowered by the application of SA. The application of SA was generally associated with a marked increase in the biosynthesis of cell wall-associated proteins of shoots and roots of wheat plants. Soluble proteins, proline and free amino acids increased significantly in plants growing in soil amended with khat leaves residues; however, SA inhibited this stimulatory effect. Soaking of wheat caryopses in SA had a favorable effect on the accumulation of nutritive cations; it also ameliorated the effect of more distressing ions, especially Na, accumulated in wheat plants due to mixing khat leaves residues with the soil. Keywords: amino acids, Catha edulis, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, pectin, salicylic acid, soluble proteins, wheat Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 288-293 Volume: 54 Issue: 7 Year: 2008 DOI: 10.17221/418-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/418-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200807-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:54:y:2008:i:7:id:418-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: R. Yan Author-Workplace-Name: Sichuan Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biopharmaceutical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China Author-Name: S. Gao Author-Workplace-Name: Sichuan Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biopharmaceutical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China Author-Name: W. Yang Author-Workplace-Name: Sichuan Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biopharmaceutical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China Author-Name: M. Cao Author-Workplace-Name: Sichuan Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biopharmaceutical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China Author-Name: S. Wang Author-Workplace-Name: Sichuan Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biopharmaceutical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China Author-Name: F. Chen Author-Workplace-Name: Sichuan Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biopharmaceutical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China Title: Nickel toxicity induced antioxidant enzyme and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activities in Jatropha curcas L. cotyledons Abstract: Jatropha curcas L. embryos were germinated and grown in vitro under nickel concentrations of 100, 200, 400 and 800 μmol to observe the effects of high nickel concentrations on seedling growth. Observed biological makers included biomass, and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) in the cotyledons. The fresh weight of cotyledons in all the tested nickel concentrations was lower than that of the control, but dry weight of cotyledons increased with increasing nickel concentrations up to 200 μmol. SOD activity increased significantly up to 400 μmol and then decreased at 800 μmol nickel. POD activities were induced remarkably at 100 and 200 μmol, but the activity decreased with increasing nickel concentrations. Similarly, a negative link between CAT activity and nickel concentrations was observed in this experiment. PAL activity had a positive correlation to nickel concentrations, and the highest activity was found at 400 μmol nickel. Electrophoresis analysis suggested that a significant correlation between nickel concentrations and isoenzyme patterns of SOD and POD was observed, and these results were consistent with the changes of the activity assayed in solutions. Keywords: heavy metals, ROS-scavenging enzymes, defensive mechanism of plant, in vitro embryo culture Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 294-300 Volume: 54 Issue: 7 Year: 2008 DOI: 10.17221/423-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/423-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200807-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:54:y:2008:i:7:id:423-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: N. Vrchotová Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Systems Biology and Ecology AS CR, České Budějovice, Czech Republic Author-Name: B. Šerá Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Systems Biology and Ecology AS CR, České Budějovice, Czech Republic Title: Allelopathic properties of knotweed rhizome extracts Abstract: Our objective was to determine which rhizome extract from Japanese knotweed, Giant knotweed or Bohemian knotweed has the most significant inhibition effect on the germinated seeds. The seeds of white mustard were incubated with the extracts for two days under laboratory conditions. We monitored differences in number of germinated seeds, length of radicles, hypocotyls and root/shoot ratio between the control and experimental seeds. Inhibitory effect of extracts from dried knotweed rhizomes was confirmed, but without differences among tested plants. A higher allelopathic effect was revealed in the case of extract from aboveground parts. Keywords: allelopathy, phenolic compounds, germination, inhibitory effect, Reynoutria Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 301-303 Volume: 54 Issue: 7 Year: 2008 DOI: 10.17221/420-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/420-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200807-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:54:y:2008:i:7:id:420-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Haberle Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Nutrition, Crop Research Institute, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Svoboda Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Nutrition, Crop Research Institute, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: I. Raimanová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Nutrition, Crop Research Institute, Prague, Czech Republic Title: The effect of post-anthesis water supply on grain nitrogen concentration and grain nitrogen Šeld of winter wheat Abstract: The effect of water supply during grain growth on grain nitrogen concentration (GNC) and grain nitrogen yield (GNY) of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was studied in the field experiment on fertile loamy-clay soil in years 2004-2007. The water regime was differentiated using mobile rain shelter (water shortage, treatment S) and drip irrigation (ample water supply, treatment W); rain-fed crop served as the control treatment (R). Wheat was grown without addition of nitrogen and with 200 kg N/ha (N0 and N1, resp.). The effect of water supply on GNC was highly significant (P < 0.001) in fertilized wheat and not significant in N0. Drought significantly increased GNC in comparison with irrigated and rain-fed crop in N1. Average grain nitrogen concentrations in respective treatments S, R and W were 1.52, 1.54 and 1.56% in N0 and 2.50, 2.24 and 2.07% in N1. Water availability also significantly affected grain nitrogen yield (P < 0.01). The GNY of fertilized wheat under water shortage was significantly lower (139 kg/ha) than GNY in treatments R (174 kg/ha) and W (182 kg/ha) while under N0 the differences were not significant. Unlike GNC, the GNY was positively associated with mineral N supply (Nmin) in 0-90 cm depth in early spring (r = 0.98-0.99 and 0.83-0.97 for N0 and N1, resp.). Several weather and related characteristics showed relations to GNY and GNC, often opposite under N0 and N1. Nmin together with nitrogen fertilization rate, indicators of water regime and temperature during grain growth period explained 78-97% of observed variability of GNC and GNY in the experiment. Keywords: water deficit, post-anthesis, grain filling, drip irrigation, precipitation, temperature, soil mineral nitrogen, winter beat Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 304-312 Volume: 54 Issue: 7 Year: 2008 DOI: 10.17221/422-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/422-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200807-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:54:y:2008:i:7:id:422-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: H. Han Author-Workplace-Name: State Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, P.R. China Author-Name: Z. Li Author-Workplace-Name: State Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, P.R. China Author-Name: T. Ning Author-Workplace-Name: State Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, P.R. China Author-Name: X. Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: Yulin University, Yulin, P.R. China Author-Name: Y. Shan Author-Workplace-Name: Henan University, Kaifeng, P.R. China Author-Name: M. Bai Author-Workplace-Name: State Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, P.R. China Title: Radiation use efficiency and yield of winter wheat under deficit irrigation in North Chin Abstract: Water stress is a frequent and critical limit to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production in North China. It has been shown that photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) is closely related to crop production. An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of deficit irrigation and winter wheat varieties on the PAR capture ration, PAR utilization and grain yield. Field experiments involved Jimai 20 (J; high yield variety) and Lainong 0153 (L; dryland variety) with non-irrigation and irrigated at jointing stage. The results showed that whether irrigated at jointing stage or not, there was no significant difference between J and L with respect to the amount of PAR intercepted by the winter wheat canopies. However, significant differences were observed between the varieties with respect to the amount of PAR intercepted by plants that were 60-80 cm above the ground surface. This result was mainly caused by the changes in the vertical distributions of leaf area index (LAI). As a result, the effects of the varieties and deficit irrigation on the radiation use efficiency (RUE) and grain yield of winter wheat were due to the vertical distribution of PAR in the winter wheat canopies. During the late growing season of winter wheat, irrespective of the irrigation regime, the RUE and grain yield of J were significantly (LSD, P < 0.05) higher than those of L. These results suggest that a combination of deficit irrigation and a suitable winter wheat variety should be applied in North China. Keywords: deficit irrigation, winter wheat, variety, radiation use efficiency, yield Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 313-319 Volume: 54 Issue: 7 Year: 2008 DOI: 10.17221/421-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/421-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200807-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:54:y:2008:i:7:id:421-PSE