Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: L. Kolář Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Faculty, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, České Budějovice, Czech Republic Author-Name: S. Kužel Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Faculty, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, České Budějovice, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Peterka Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Faculty, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, České Budějovice, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Štindl Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Faculty, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, České Budějovice, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Plát Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Faculty, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, České Budějovice, Czech Republic Title: Agrochemical value of organic matter of fermenter wastes in biogas production Abstract: We performed 28-day mesophilic fermentation of a mixture of pig slurry and primary (raw) sludge from the sedimentation stage of a wastewater treatment plant at a 1:1 ratio. The components and the original and fermented mixture of slurry and sludge were subjected to acid hydrolysis. Dry matter of the solid phase of both components and both mixtures was incubated with sandy-loamy Cambisol at a weight ratio 3:1 at 25°C for 20 weeks; in 14-day intervals lipids, crude protein, hemicelluloses, cellulose, lignin, total nitrogen and hot-water-insoluble solids were determined. Changes in ion-exchange and buffering capacity of the test materials were recorded. Labile organic matters were determined after 20 weeks of incubation. Liquid fractions of both components and their mixtures were analysed before and after anaerobic fermentation. It was concluded that beneficial effects of wastes as fertilisers from anaerobic digestion could be attributed to their liquid fraction. After anaerobic digestion the solid fraction of these wastes has relatively increased ion exchange capacity as well as buffering capacity but it is very stable, hardly degradable organic matter, and therefore it cannot play the role of organic matter in soil. This is the reason why it should not be considered as an organic fertiliser. Keywords: organic fertilisers, wastes from anaerobic digestion, organic matter lability, quality Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 321-328 Volume: 54 Issue: 8 Year: 2008 DOI: 10.17221/412-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/412-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200808-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:54:y:2008:i:8:id:412-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ľ. Ondrášek Author-Workplace-Name: Grassland and Mountain Agriculture Research Institute, Slovak Agricultural Research Centre, Banská Bystrica, Slovak Republic Author-Name: J. Čunderlík Author-Workplace-Name: Grassland and Mountain Agriculture Research Institute, Slovak Agricultural Research Centre, Banská Bystrica, Slovak Republic Title: Effects of organic and mineral fertilisers on biological properties of soil under seminatural grassland Abstract: Over 2004-2006, effects of mineral fertilisers (60 N + 30 P + 60 K kg/ha or 120 N + 30 P + 60 K kg/ha) and farmyard manure (12 or 24 t/ha) application on biological and chemical properties of soil were studied in seminatural grassland. The research trial was established at Radvaň site, central Slovakia (altitude 480 m, loamy to sandy-loamy Cambisol). These parameters were investigated during the growing seasons: CO2 production, intensity of total N mineralisation (TMN), the rate of nitrification (NIT), total C content in microbial biomass (MB-C), Cox, Nt, P, K, Mg and the humic acids to fulvic acids ratio (HA:FA). At the application of mineral fertilisers, the highest N rate significantly increased TMN and NIT, mainly in 2004 and 2005. The manure application showed the strongest effects on the biological parameters. The manure rate of 12 t/ha significantly increased the soil respiration in 2005 and 2006 as well as TMN and NIT throughout the research. The manure application increased also the soil pH, MB-C, Nt, Mg, P and Cox. Keywords: grassland soil, mineral fertilisers, manure, soil respiration, microbial biomass, nitrogen mineralisation, nitrification Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 329-335 Volume: 54 Issue: 8 Year: 2008 DOI: 10.17221/416-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/416-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200808-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:54:y:2008:i:8:id:416-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: I. Öztürk Çali Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biology, Faculty of Art and Science, Amasya University, Amasya, Turkey Title: The effects of fosetyl-Al application on morphology and viability of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. pollen Abstract: In the present study, the effects of fungicide Aliette WG 800 [80% fosetyl-Al (aluminium tris-o-ethyl phosphonate)], widely used against Phytophtora infestans on tomatoes grown in greenhouse in Turkey, were studied on the morphology and viability of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) pollens. The fungicide was applied to tomatoes grown in greenhouse at recommended dosage (200 g/100 l water) and at double the recommended dosage (400 g/100 l water). The fungicide caused changes in the morphological structures of tomato pollens. Some pollen morphological structures that are not observed in the control group were encountered in the pollens in equatorial view and in polar view at 200 g/100 l treated groups. On the other hand, pollen viability level decreased as the dosage increased. Especially, non-viable pollen types such as wrinkled pollen or pollen with abnormal shape were encountered in the fungicide groups. It was expected that the pollen fertility as well as yield would decrease in future. Keywords: fosetyl-Al, tomato, morphology, pollen viability Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 336-340 Volume: 54 Issue: 8 Year: 2008 DOI: 10.17221/414-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/414-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200808-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:54:y:2008:i:8:id:414-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Z.J. Shi Author-Workplace-Name: South China Botanical Garden, CAS, Guangzhou, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Shenzhen Institute of Landscape Gardening, Shenzhen, P.R. China Author-Name: Y. Lu Author-Workplace-Name: College of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: Z.G. Xu Author-Workplace-Name: Shenzhen Institute of Landscape Gardening, Shenzhen, P.R. China Author-Name: S.L. Fu Author-Workplace-Name: South China Botanical Garden, CAS, Guangzhou, P.R. China Title: Enzyme activities of urban soils under different land use in the Shenzhen city, China Abstract: Urbanization has drastically changed soil properties, and an assessment of these changes is essential for soil management and soil health. The activities of urease, acid phosphatase, invertase and catalase, soil organic matter, pH, electrical conductivity (EC) and clay (< 0.01 mm) content of urban soils under two land-uses in the central built-up area of the Shenzhen city were investigated, and multivariate analysis was used to study the relationship between soil enzymes and soil physical-chemical properties. The results showed that invertase activity in roadside soil was significantly higher than that in urban park soil, whereas catalase activity was significantly higher in urban park soil. Soil organic matter had significant positive correlation with activities of invertase, urease and acid phosphatase but not with catalase. Soil pH had a significant negative direct effect on urease and acid phosphatase activity, but the effect was counteracted by positive indirect effect of soil organic matter. Soil EC had a positive direct effect on activities of catalase and there was a significant correlation between soil EC and soil catalase activities. Soil organic matter, soil pH and EC were the major factors influencing activities of soil enzymes. Keywords: invertase, urease, phosphatase, catalase, urban soil Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 341-346 Volume: 54 Issue: 8 Year: 2008 DOI: 10.17221/415-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/415-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200808-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:54:y:2008:i:8:id:415-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S.J. Khajeddin Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran Author-Name: H. Yeganeh Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran Title: Plant communities of the Karkas Hunting-Prohibited Region, Isfahan-Iran Abstract: The Karkas mountainous region is a very interesting area for its big game wildlife and rare species in the Irano-Touranian biogeographic region. It is essential to study the plant communities and the impact of environmental factors, to protect and rehabilitate these ecosystems. The studied region is located in the Isfahan province, central Iran, with the area of about 92 100 ha. The aim of the study was to identify the plant communities of the Karkas Hunting-Prohibited Region. Vegetation cover was sampled using a stratified random sampling method and the entities were preliminarily segmented with the physiognomic-floristic-ecologic method. 10 × 10 m quadrates (100 m2) were used to estimate the species cover, litter, stone, gravel and bare soil percentages. Plant communities were classified using cluster analyses and denderogram construction. The results confirmed the importance of the climatic and topographic factors that affect the establishment of the plant communities. Plant habitats in the region are mosaics and cause ecoton formations, so diversities in species combinations increase. The species diversity of the communities was measured using the Shannon coefficient; it varied from 2.26 to 0.39. According to cluster analyses, there are 15 different plant communities, but when the second dominant species were considered, some communities were further divided into sub-communities. Keywords: plant community, cluster analyses, similarity index, Karkas, Iran Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 347-358 Volume: 54 Issue: 8 Year: 2008 DOI: 10.17221/413-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/413-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200808-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:54:y:2008:i:8:id:413-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: H.Y. Wu Author-Workplace-Name: College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, P.R. China Author-Name: X.X. Li Author-Workplace-Name: College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, P.R. China Author-Name: L.B. Shi Author-Workplace-Name: College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, P.R. China Author-Name: Z.H. Wang Author-Workplace-Name: College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, P.R. China Author-Name: F.Y. Ma Author-Workplace-Name: College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, P.R. China Title: Distribution of nematodes in wetland soils with difference distance from the Bohai sea 359-366 Abstract: In order to elucidate the distribution of soil nematodes in coastal wetlands and the effect of different distance from the sea line on soil nematode communities, we investigated the community structure of soil nematodes in one wetland perpendicularly oriented from Bohai sea coastline. In June 2006, soil samples were collected from the Yellow River Delta wetlands, in Dongying city of Shandong Province, China. Soil nematode communities were analyzed at the depths of 0-10 and 10-20 cm. The results showed that plant parasite nematodes were the most abundant trophic groups in both depths and at four sites. The average relative abundance was 91.33% of the nematode community. Several ecological indices which reflected soil nematode community structure, diversity, maturity and plant parasitism were compared in these four sites. The results indicated that the maturity index (MI) and plant parasitism index (PPI) were more sensitive than the other indices for assessing the response of soil nematode communities to soil of coastal wetland. Keywords: soil nematode, distribution, coastline, salt content Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 359-366 Volume: 54 Issue: 8 Year: 2008 DOI: 10.17221/417-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/417-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200808-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:54:y:2008:i:8:id:417-PSE