Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A.D. Patel Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biosciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, India Author-Name: A.N. Pandey Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biosciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, India Title: Growth, water status and nutrient accumulation of seedlings of Holoptelea integrifolia (Roxb.) Planch in response to soil salinity Abstract: Greenhouse experiments were conducted to assess the effects of soil salinity on emergence, growth, water status, proline content and mineral accumulation of seedlings of Holoptelea integrifolia (Roxb.) Planch (Ulmaceae). NaCl was added to the soil and salinity was maintained at 0.3, 3.9, 6.0, 7.9, 10.0, 12.1 and 13.9 dS/m. Salinity caused reduction in water potential of tissues, which resulted in internal water deficit to plants. Consequently, seedling growth significantly decreased with increase in soil salinity. Proline content in tissues increased with increase in soil salinity. There were no effective mechanisms to control net uptake of Na transport to shoot tissue. Potassium content increased in leaves to avoid Na toxicity to this tissue. Nitrogen content significantly increased in tissues in response to salinity. Phosphorus, calcium and magnesium content in tissues significantly decreased as salinity increased. Changes in tissues and whole-plant accumulation patterns of other nutrients, as well as possible mechanisms to avoid Na toxicity in this species in response to salinity, are discussed. Keywords: soil salinity, seedling growth, proline content, water potential, macro- and micro-nutrients, salt tolerance Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 367-373 Volume: 54 Issue: 9 Year: 2008 DOI: 10.17221/407-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/407-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200809-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:54:y:2008:i:9:id:407-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. Gao Author-Workplace-Name: Sichuan Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biopharmaceutical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China Author-Name: C. Ouyang Author-Workplace-Name: Sichuan Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biopharmaceutical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China Author-Name: S. Wang Author-Workplace-Name: Sichuan Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biopharmaceutical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China Author-Name: Y. Xu Author-Workplace-Name: Sichuan Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biopharmaceutical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China Author-Name: L. Tang Author-Workplace-Name: Sichuan Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biopharmaceutical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China Author-Name: F. Chen Author-Workplace-Name: Sichuan Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biopharmaceutical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China Title: Effects of salt stress on growth, antioxidant enzyme and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activities in Jatropha curcas L. seedlings Abstract: The effects of increasing NaCl concentrations on biomass, superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) in Jatropha curcas L. seedlings were investigated. The fresh weights of cotyledons and radicles with increasing NaCl concentrations decreased progressively, and the fresh weight of hypocotyls reached the lowest level at NaCl concentration of 150 mmol and then increased. SOD activity in the cotyledons, hypocotyls and radicles increased gradually up to NaCl concentrations of 150, 200 and 150 mmol, respectively. The highest POD activities in the cotyledons, hypocotyls and radicles were observed at NaCl concentrations of 150, 200 and 150 mmol, respectively. CAT activity in the cotyledons, hypocotyls and radicles enhanced gradually up to 100, 200 and 150 mmol NaCl concentrations, respectively. Increased PAL activity in the hypocotyls and radicles was linearly and positively correlated with increasing NaCl concentrations, but the peak activity in the cotyledons was observed at NaCl concentration of 150 mmol. Electrophoresis analysis suggested that different patterns in SOD and POD isoenzymes depend on NaCl concentrations and organ type, and the staining intensities of these isoforms are consistent with the changes of enzyme activity assayed in solutions. Keywords: ROS-scavenging enzymes, in vitro embryo culture, salt tolerance, isoenzyme pattern Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 374-381 Volume: 54 Issue: 9 Year: 2008 DOI: 10.17221/410-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/410-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200809-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:54:y:2008:i:9:id:410-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: I. Afzal Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan Author-Name: S. Rauf Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Breeding, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan Author-Name: S.M.A. Basra Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan Author-Name: G. Murtaza Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Title: Halopriming improves vigor, metabolism of reserves and ionic contents in wheat seedlings under salt stress Abstract: The present study was conducted to investigate whether salt tolerance may be induced in wheat at germination stage by halopriming with different inorganic salts (CaCl2, NaCl and CaSO4), and how far these salts affect the mobilization of different nutrients to different parts of seedlings. Seeds of two wheat cultivars (Inqlab-91 and SARC-1) were primed in 50 mmol solutions of CaCl2, NaCl or CaSO4 for 12 h separately and germinated under non-saline and saline (125 mmol NaCl) conditions. All seed treatments hastened germination under saline and non-saline conditions as compared to those of non-primed seeds. However, priming with CaSO4 enhanced germination of both cultivars under saline conditions more than any other treatment. Maximum root length and fresh and dry weights were obtained in plants raised from seeds primed with CaSO4 followed by CaCl2. Concentrations of Na+ and K+ in seedlings obtained after priming changed significantly. However, Na+ was highest in seedlings raised from seeds primed with NaCl whereas the concentration of K+ was highest in the seedlings primed with CaSO4. Maximum total sugars and reducing sugars were observed when seeds were treated with CaCl2 followed by CaSO4. In addition, SARC-1 overcame Inqlab-91 in all growth parameters of the seedlings. In conclusion, different salts used for priming in wheat seeds improved the salt stress tolerance; however, CaSO4 and CaCl2 proved to be the most effective priming agents in inducing salt tolerance in both wheat cultivars whereas NaCl was a less effective priming agent. Keywords: priming, ionic homeostasis, salinity tolerance, wheat Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 382-388 Volume: 54 Issue: 9 Year: 2008 DOI: 10.17221/408-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/408-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200809-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:54:y:2008:i:9:id:408-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Kulhánek Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Balík Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Černý Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: K. Schweitzer Author-Workplace-Name: Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany Author-Name: V. Vaněk Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Prášilová Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Evaluating of phosphorus quantity/intensity parameters in soil with different systems of organic fertilizing Abstract: One of the refinement methods for estimating the parameters of phosphorus dynamics in soil is the construction of sorption isotherms in dependence on changes of exchangeable sorbed phosphorus in soil (ΔQ) and changes of phosphorus amount in soil solution (ΔI). Regression analysis allows to calculate equilibrium concentration (cequ) and phosphorus buffering capacity (BC). The mentioned analyses were realised on soils from the long-term field experiments of the Czech University of Life Sciences (CULS) in Prague and Crop Research Institute (CRI) in Ruzyně, Czech Republic. The influence of different organic fertilisers compared to the control (not amended) treatment was tested. For the evaluating of parameters, the root and logarithmic functions were used. The lowest cequ of the logarithmic function was always found on not amended treatment. Low amounts were found in the treatments amended with barley straw as well. The highest amounts were found in soil after potatoes cropping fertilised with farmyard manure (FYM). In the FYM variant fertilised with 70 kg P/ha, the cequ value reached 0.45 mg P/l. Both treatments fertilised with sewage sludge (720 kg P/ha and 240 kg P/ha) showed similar values of about 0.25 mg P/l. A different trend was found for the phosphorus buffering capacity (BC); this was the highest at the control treatment and at the treatment fertilised with straw. The lowest BC was observed in both soils after potatoes fertilised with FYM, where it reached 61 mg P/kg and 65 mg P/kg, respectively. Similar trends were found when evaluating root function. Keywords: long-term experiments, soil, phosphorus dynamics, equilibrium concentration, buffering capacity Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 389-394 Volume: 54 Issue: 9 Year: 2008 DOI: 10.17221/406-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/406-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200809-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:54:y:2008:i:9:id:406-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Váňová Author-Workplace-Name: Agrotest Fyto, Ltd., Kroměříž, Czech Republic Author-Name: K. Klem Author-Workplace-Name: Agrotest Fyto, Ltd., Kroměříž, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Míša Author-Workplace-Name: Agrotest Fyto, Ltd., Kroměříž, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Matušinsky Author-Workplace-Name: Agrotest Fyto, Ltd., Kroměříž, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Hajšlová Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: K. Lancová Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague, Czech Republic Title: The content of Fusarium mycotoxins, grain yield and quality of winter wheat cultivars under organic and conventional cropping systems Abstract: Nine cultivars of winter wheat were compared in organic and conventional crop rotation systems. Bread-making quality was evaluated using three parameters [thousand-kernel weight (TKW) in g, volume weight in g/l, protein content in %]. Grain yield, TKW and protein content of winter wheat in organic cropping system were significantly lower as compared to any intensity in conventional cropping system. However, clover as a preceding crop to winter wheat in organic crop rotation ensured a sufficient amount of nitrogen for grain yield, which was 6.72 t/ha on average of the three years. The requirement of the Czech national standard for bread wheat minimum value of protein content (11.5%) was met in conventional crop rotation in all cases. Average value of protein content in organic crop rotation met this limit too, but it was below the required value in two cases. The required value (760 g/l) of volume weight was met in majority of cases in organic crop rotation. The following species of the genus Fusarium were found: F. culmorum, F. graminearum, F. poae and F. avenaceum. All samples were screened for the content of deoxynivalenol (DON). There was no significant difference in the DON content between winter wheat grain from organic crop rotation and conventional crop rotation at high intensity. Keywords: winter wheat, deoxynivalenol, organic crop rotation, conventional crop rotation, yield, quality parameters Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 395-402 Volume: 54 Issue: 9 Year: 2008 DOI: 10.17221/411-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/411-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200809-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:54:y:2008:i:9:id:411-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Z.Q. Luan Author-Workplace-Name: Northeast Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, P.R. China Author-Name: H.C. Cao Author-Workplace-Name: Northeast Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, P.R. China Author-Name: B.X. Yan Author-Workplace-Name: Northeast Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, P.R. China Title: Individual and combined phytotoxic effects of cadmium, lead and arsenic on soybean in Phaeozem Abstract: Acute laboratory toxicity tests were carried out to assess the individual and combined toxic effects of metals including cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and the metalloid arsenic (As) in Phaeozem on the seed germination and seedling growth of soybean, Glycine max Seeds were exposed to varied concentrations of Cd, Pb and As individually and in mixtures including Cd + Pb, Cd + As, Pb + As and Cd + Pb + As. The sum of toxic units (TU) for medium effective concentration of the mixture (EC50mix) was calculated based on the dose (TU-based)-response relationship using the Trimmed Spearman-Karber method. Binary metal combinations of Cd + Pb, Cd + As and Pb + As produced additive, synergistic and antagonistic effects, respectively, on shoot growth and synergistic, synergistic and antagonistic effects on root growth. Ternary combination of Cd + Pb + As had a synergistic effect on shoot growth and an additive effect on root growth. Bioaccumulation of metals was observed in soybean and inhibited or enhanced bioaccumulations of individual metals were found in mixtures due to different combinations of metals. Keywords: Phaeozem, cadmium, lead, arsenic, combined toxicity, soybean, toxic unit method Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 403-411 Volume: 54 Issue: 9 Year: 2008 DOI: 10.17221/409-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/409-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200809-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:54:y:2008:i:9:id:409-PSE