Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: V. Nedvěd Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Balík Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Černý Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Kulhánek Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Balíková Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic Title: The changes of soil nitrogen and carbon contents in a long-term field experiment under different systems of nitrogen fertilization Abstract: Content of N and C in soil were investigated in a long-term field experiment under different systems of N fertilization. Chernozem and Cambisol were extracted using hot water (Nhws, Chws) and 0.01M CaCl2 (NCaCl2, CDOC). The Ct/Nt ratio in Chernozem was 9.6:1 and in Cambisol 6.1:1. The lowest Ct/Nt ratio in both experiments was found in the control treatment. Results showed that C and N compounds are less stable in Cambisol, which leads to a higher rate of mineralization. In the Chernozem, Nhws formed 3.66% from the total N content in the soil whereas NCaCl2 formed only 0.82%. Chws formed 2.98% and CDOC 0.34% from total C content. Cambisol contains 4.81% of Nhws and 0.84% of NCaCl2 from the total N amount and 5.76% of Chws and 0.70% of CDOC from the total C content, respectively. Nitrogen extracted by 0.01M CaCl2 formed only 22.4% of N extractable by hot water in Chernozem and 17.5% in Cambisol. The lowest C/N ratios were obtained after the CaCl2 extraction (3.0-6.2:1). The application of manure increased the content of soil organic N and C compared to the sewage sludge treatments. Keywords: long-term field experiment, nitrogen, carbon, sewage sludge, farmyard manure, soil organic matter Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 463-470 Volume: 54 Issue: 11 Year: 2008 DOI: 10.17221/435-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/435-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200811-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:54:y:2008:i:11:id:435-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Křivánek Author-Workplace-Name: Hop Research Institute Co. Ltd., Žatec, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Crop Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Pulkrábek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Crop Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: R. Chaloupský Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Crop Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: T. Kudrna Author-Workplace-Name: Hop Research Institute Co. Ltd., Žatec, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Crop Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Pokorný Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Crop Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Response of the Czech hybrid hop cultivar Agnus to the term of pruning, depth of pruning and number of trained bines Abstract: Agnus is a Czech hybrid hop cultivar and a statistically significant influence of depth and term of pruning on harvested hop cones yield and on alpha-bitter acids content in hop cones were found in this study. Evaluated agrotechnical measures, i.e. depth of pruning, term of pruning and number of trained bines, considerably influenced performance and quality of newly grown hop genotype. Every year, we found a positive influence of shallow pruning on yield (increase of dry hop cones yield in 2003 by 0.37 t/ha, in 2004 by 0.28 t/ha and in 2005 by 0.02 t/ha). The hop yield of plants treated with shallow pruning increased on average by 11.6% in three years. We proved a statistically significant influence of three-bines training system on one hop pole, i.e. 3 + 3 bines from each plant. We found that alpha-bitter acids content corresponds with cones yield and indicates a convenience of shallow pruning. Pruning term influenced alpha-bitter acids yield and dynamics of their formation (in the first pruning term yield it was 155 kg/ha, in the second pruning term it was 169 kg/ha, and in the third pruning term it was 175 kg/ha). Keywords: Humulus lupulu, hybrid cultivars, hop pruning, depth of pruning, term of pruning, number of trained bines Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 471-478 Volume: 54 Issue: 11 Year: 2008 DOI: 10.17221/432-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/432-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200811-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:54:y:2008:i:11:id:432-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Černohlávková Author-Workplace-Name: RECETOX - Research Centre for Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Hofman Author-Workplace-Name: RECETOX - Research Centre for Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: T. Bartoš Author-Workplace-Name: RECETOX - Research Centre for Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Sáňka Author-Workplace-Name: RECETOX - Research Centre for Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Anděl Author-Workplace-Name: Evernia, s. r. o., Liberec, Czech Republic Title: Effects of road deicing salts on soil microorganisms Abstract: In this study, the effects of road salting on the quality of forest soils near the road were monitored in the Krkonoše Mountains (Czech Republic). Physical, chemical properties and microbial parameters of soils were determined and the toxic potentials of soil water extracts were evaluated using the bacterial tests (Microtox and Pseudomonas putida growth inhibition test). Increased concentrations of Na+ ions (up to 100 mg/kg) and pH values up to 8 were found closer to the road. Microbial biomass and respiration activity were significantly reduced at the roadside (ANOVA; P < 0.05), and the metabolic quotients showed that the microbial community was apparently under stress. Large stimulation of Pseudomonas putida growth was determined, especially for salinized samples closest to the road. Oppositely, results showed the unsuitability of bacteria toxicity tests in such cases of pollution. Assessment of intrinsic soil microbial communities is more ecologically relevant and shows the effects that cannot be detected by bacterial toxicity tests. Keywords: deicing salts, salinization, soil microorganisms, bacterial tests Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 479-485 Volume: 54 Issue: 11 Year: 2008 DOI: 10.17221/431-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/431-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200811-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:54:y:2008:i:11:id:431-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Q. Li Author-Workplace-Name: Karst Dynamics Laboratory, MLR, Institute of Karst Geology, CAGS, Guilin, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: International Research Center on Karst under the Auspices of UNESCO, Guilin, P.R. China Author-Name: J. Cao Author-Workplace-Name: Karst Dynamics Laboratory, MLR, Institute of Karst Geology, CAGS, Guilin, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: International Research Center on Karst under the Auspices of UNESCO, Guilin, P.R. China Author-Name: L. Yu Author-Workplace-Name: School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Title: Biogeochemical effect of karst soil on the element contents in the leaves of two species of Flos Lonicerae Abstract: In order to study the characteristics of element values in the cell of plants and soils and their relationships that would help to evaluate the biogeochemical effect of soil on the element contents in the cells of plants in the same environment of Southwestern China, the soil samples were collected for analysis and the weight and atom percentage of elements (WT% and AT%) in the leaves of two different species of Flos Lonicerae were analyzed by the electron probe (EDX-9100). The results of soil analysis show that the nutrient element contents in the soil are determined by the liable content of elements, which were arranged as: Ca > Mg > Cu > Mn > K > Na > P > B > SiO2 > Zn > Fe, even though the total element values in soil of different horizons were arranged as: SiO2 > Fe > Ca > Mg > K > Na > Mn > P > Zn > B > Cu. It indicates that karst environment is composed of soluble calcium-rich rock and soil scarcity. Moreover, the migratory velocity and availability of elements are also determined by their coefficient variability. According to statistical results, Ca, Mn and P in the soil have high coefficient variability, reflecting its background of karst soil. Based on the electron probe, it is shown that the content of Ca is higher while Mg is the lowest in the cell of two different species of Flos Lonicerae (r = -0.156, P < 0.05) and the content of P in the cell is inferior to Ca (r = 0.868, P < 0.01). By studying the relationship of soil and the plants, it can be seen that these results are probably caused by the characteristics of local biogeochemistry. Ca is mainly absorbed by plant with the help of transpiration and accumulated in the cell, and thus becomes a predominant element in the cell. The accumulation of Ca in cell of plant will affect the absorbency and the content of other elements in the cell of Flos Lonicerae, resulting in the different contents of other elements in the Flos Lonicerae through synergistic and antagonistic action, followed by the affected quality and officinal value of the Flos Lonicerae. Keywords: Flos Lonicerae, biogeochemistry, element contents, electron probe, karst Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 486-492 Volume: 54 Issue: 11 Year: 2008 DOI: 10.17221/433-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/433-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200811-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:54:y:2008:i:11:id:433-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Y. Li Author-Workplace-Name: BiologyDepartment, Dezhou University, Dezhou, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: KeyLaboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, P.R. China Title: Kinetics of the antioxidant response to salinity in the halophyte Limonium bicolour Abstract: The fresh weight (fw) and dry weight (dw) of shoots and roots, the activity of anti-oxidant enzymes [superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT)], and parameters of oxidative stress of shoots - malondialdehyde (MDA) - were investigated in Limonium bicolor, a naturally salt-resistant halophyte. The seedlings of L. bicolour were treated with different (0, 100, 200, 400 mmol/l) NaCl concentrations. The results showed that NaCl played an important role in growth of L. bicolour. It made obviously promotion of a certain NaCl concentration to growth of L. bicolor, the seedlings of L. bicolour grew best under 100 mmol/l salt concentration, fresh weight and dry weight reached the maximum. MDA concentration of shoots slightly decreased under 100 mmol/l salt stress, then increased with increased NaCl concentration. The activities of SOD, POD and CAT increased with the increase of the concentration of NaCl in shoots of L. bicolour. The salt tolerance of this halophyte under salt stress conditions is probably due to its ability to exhibit high SOD, POD and CAT enzyme activities and low levels of oxidative stress. Keywords: antioxidative enzymes, salt stress, malondialdehyde, seedlings growth Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 493-497 Volume: 54 Issue: 11 Year: 2008 DOI: 10.17221/434-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/434-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200811-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:54:y:2008:i:11:id:434-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M.C. Pagano Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Botany, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil Title: Rhizobia associated with neotropical tree Centrolobium tomentosum used in riparian restoration Abstract: Centrolobium tomentosum is a tropical legume tree indicated for functional and structural restoration of riparian areas. This study was conducted to characterize the rhizobia isolated from nodules of C. tomentosum in situ and to determine their capacity of renodulation, in an experimental area of land rehabilitation in the Rio Doce valley. Nodulation potential to inoculation with 2 selected fast-growing Rhizobium strains separately and a mixed inoculum of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi was evaluated by the use of antibiotics resistance. Flood disturbance were observed not to affect renodulation by fast-growing strains. DNA fingerprinting RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) profiles were used to examine molecular relationships among field isolates, inoculants and reference strains. Maximal renodulation was exhibited by strain BHCBAb1 after 24 months after transplantation. Centrolobium tomentosum forms symbiosis with fast- and slow-growing Rhizobium strains, and it is suggested that their nursery culture could be improved by inoculation of selected strain under low nitrogen-input conditions. Keywords: Centrolobium tomentosum, tree legume, Rhizobium, inoculation, renodulation, Doce River Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 498-508 Volume: 54 Issue: 11 Year: 2008 DOI: 10.17221/436-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/436-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200811-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:54:y:2008:i:11:id:436-PSE