Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: editors Title: Index 2008 Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: I-V Volume: 54 Issue: 12 Year: 2008 DOI: 10.17221/430-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/430-PSE.html File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:54:y:2008:i:12:id:430-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: B. Konôpka Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forest Protection and Game Management, Forest Research Institute Zvolen, National Forest Centre, Zvolen, Slovak Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forest Protection and Game Management, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Pagès Author-Workplace-Name: Plants and Horticultural Systems Unit, INRA Research Centre of Avignon, Avignon, France Author-Name: C. Doussan Author-Workplace-Name: Mediterranean Environment and Modeling of Agro-Hydrosystems Unit, INRA Research Centre of Avignon, Avignon, France Title: Impact of soil compaction heterogeneity and moisture on maize (Zea mays L.) root and shoot development Abstract: Soil compaction heterogeneity and water content are supposed to be decisive factors influencing plant growth. Our experiment focused on simulation of two soil moisture levels (0.16 and 0.19 g/g) plus two levels of clod proportion (30 and 60% volume) and their effects on root and leaf variables of maize (Zea mays L.). We studied number of primary and lateral roots as well as primary root length at the particular soil depths. Statistical tests showed that the decrease rate of the number of roots versus depth was significantly affected by the two studied factors (P < 0.01). Soil moisture and clod occurrence, interactively, affected leaf biomass (P = 0.02). Presence of clods modified root morphological features. Particularly, the diameter of primary roots in the clods was significantly higher than of those grown in fine soil (P < 0.01). For primary roots, which penetrated clods, branching density decreased considerably for the root segments located just after the clods (P = 0.01). Regarding their avoidance to clods and tortuosity, large differences were found between primary roots grown in the contrasting soil environments. Keywords: clod proportion, root distribution, root morphology alteration, water kontent Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 509-519 Volume: 54 Issue: 12 Year: 2008 DOI: 10.17221/429-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/429-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200812-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:54:y:2008:i:12:id:429-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Z. Piotrowska-Seget Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Microbiology, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland Author-Name: J. Kozdrój Author-Workplace-Name: Instituteof Engineering and Environmental Protection, University of Bielsko-Biala, Bielsko-Biala, Poland Title: Changes in culturable bacterial community of soil treated with high dosages of Cu or C Abstract: Culturable bacteria numbers, kinetics of colony formation, community structure analyses in terms of ecological (r/K-strategists) and cytochemical approaches were used to assess the bacteria responses to soil treatment with high concentrations of Cu or Cd over time. The soil treatment resulted in high concentrations of water-soluble forms of the metals. Bacterial numbers significantly decreased in the metal-treated soil shortly after the soil contamination, their numbers however increased during incubation time. The short- or long-term contact of bacteria with the metals significantly decreased or increased the rate of cell proliferations, respectively. The populations represented by slow-growing K-strategists dominated the structures of bacterial communities with time. The results of fatty acid methyl ester analyses indicated that Gram-positive bacteria dominated shortly after soil contamination; however, changes in the community structures with stimulation of Pseudomonas in the Cd-treated soil occurred after prolonged exposure to the metal. This study shows that short- or long-term exposition to heavy metals may cause different quantitative and qualitative effects on culturable bacteria in soil. Keywords: culturable soil bacteria, r/K-strategists, bacterial fatty acid analysis, bacterial colony formation, heavy metals Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 520-528 Volume: 54 Issue: 12 Year: 2008 DOI: 10.17221/428-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/428-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200812-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:54:y:2008:i:12:id:428-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: L. Simova-Stoilova Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Plant Physiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria Author-Name: K. Demirevska Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Plant Physiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria Author-Name: T. Petrova Author-Workplace-Name: Dobrudja Agricultural Institute, General Toshevo, Bulgaria Author-Name: N. Tsenov Author-Workplace-Name: Dobrudja Agricultural Institute, General Toshevo, Bulgaria Author-Name: U. Feller Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland Title: Antioxidative protection in wheat varieties under severe recoverable drought at seedling stag Abstract: The antioxidative protection in leaves of four winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties with different field drought resistance was studied under severe recoverable soil drought at seedling stage by withholding irrigation for 7 days (57-59% leaf water deficit) followed by rewatering. A 3-fold raise in electrolyte leakage and a sharp increase in proline accumulation corresponded to drought severity. Hydrogen peroxide content and catalase (CAT) activity were maintained low under stress. Peroxidase (GPX) activity increased, whereas superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity only slightly changed. The content of ascorbate and low-molecular thiols diminished under severe drought and was restored in recovery. Malondialdehyde level was not changed significantly in drought-treated plants but raised after re-watering. In recovery CAT activity became significantly higher whereas GPX activity diminished. Three isoforms of SOD, one of catalase and three of GPX were revealed. Proline accumulation had a predominant role in drought response. As for varieties, drought sensitivity or tolerance was not necessarily correlated with differences in the antioxidative response at early vegetative stage. Keywords: antioxidative protection, drought, proline, recovery, seedlings, wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 529-536 Volume: 54 Issue: 12 Year: 2008 DOI: 10.17221/427-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/427-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200812-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:54:y:2008:i:12:id:427-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: E. Esmaili Author-Workplace-Name: Soil Science Department, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Author-Name: S.A. Kapourchal Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Environmental Sciences, Allameh Mohaddes Noori Higher Education Centre, Noor, Iran Author-Name: M.J. Malakouti Author-Workplace-Name: Soil Science Department, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Author-Name: M. Homaee Author-Workplace-Name: Soil Science Department, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Title: Interactive effect of salinity and two nitrogen fertilizers on growth and composition of sorghum Abstract: The objective of this study was to investigate the interactive effects of salinity and different sources of applied N on growth, yield and nutrient composition of sorghum. The salinity treatments C0, C1, C2, C3 and C4 corresponded to 0.6, 6, 8, 10 and 12 dS/m, respectively. Eight fertilization treatments combined urea and ammonium nitrate sources. The height, fresh weight, dry weight, leaf area, N, K, Ca, Mg, Na and Cl contents of treated plants were measured after harvesting. Results indicate that both emergence and growth were significantly decreased by increasing salinity. The plant response to N fertilizers appeared to be different at each salinity level. The maximum production of C0 treatment was obtained for N-3, while at C1 and C2 treatments the maximum yield was obtained for N-2 and N-1 treatments, respectively. In the saline treatments, there was no significant difference between the two applied N-sources. The N, Ca, Mg, Na and Cl concentrations in plant tissues increased with increasing salinity; K concentration and the uptake of N, K, Ca and Mg were however decreased. Keywords: nitrogen, salinity, sorghum Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 537-546 Volume: 54 Issue: 12 Year: 2008 DOI: 10.17221/425-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/425-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200812-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:54:y:2008:i:12:id:425-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Šimek Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Vaněk Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Jarolímek Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Information and communication technologies and multifunctional agri-food systems in the Czech Republic Abstract: At present, one of the main measures in the evaluation of information society development is, first of all, a stage of communication infrastructure, which is an essential base for its functioning. The paper gives information on the results of a broad survey of information and communication technologies (ICT) development in companies of agricultural production within the whole Czech Republic (CR), which was carried out in the first quarter of 2008. The aim of the survey is to analyse the stage of Internet connectivity development in rural regions, where an absolute majority of business operators acts, as well as to find out the stage and current trends in development of ICT usage. Keywords: ICT, broadband, Internet, ADSL, FTTx, Wi-Fi, cable connection Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 547-551 Volume: 54 Issue: 12 Year: 2008 DOI: 10.17221/426-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/426-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200812-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:54:y:2008:i:12:id:426-PSE