Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: R. Hajiboland Author-Workplace-Name: Plant Science Department, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran Author-Workplace-Name: Excellent Center for Biodiversity, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran Author-Name: N. Aliasgharzad Author-Workplace-Name: SoilScience Department, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran Author-Name: R. Barzeghar Author-Workplace-Name: Plant Science Department, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran Title: Influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on uptake of Zn and P by two contrasting rice genotypes Abstract: There is little experimental evidence about the functional significance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) colonization in providing nutrients for lowland rice. This study was undertaken to examine whether growth and nutrient deficiencies may affect plants benefit from AMF inoculation. Two contrasting rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes and two AMF species (Glomus mosseae and G. intraradices) were used in this experiment. Under P starvation, P uptake in the genotype tolerant to P deficiency (Fajr), declined significantly up to 36% (P < 0.05) in response to AMF inoculation, while it enhanced by about 70% (P < 0.01) in susceptible genotype (Shafagh). Under Zn starvation, Zn uptake of Zn-efficient genotype (Shafagh) increased by about 2 fold (P < 0.01), but a reduction of 52% (P < 0.05) was observed in the Zn-inefficient genotype (Fajr) upon mycorrhization. Greater genotypic differences were observed for -P-Zn plants. Our results imply that genotypic difference in responsiveness to inoculation with AMF is attributable to different contribution of mechanisms for increased nutrient uptake in mycorrhizal plants depending on nutrient, nutritional status and nutrient efficiency of genotypes. Keywords: arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, Glomus mosseae, Glomus intraradices, Oryza sativa, rice genotypes Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 93-100 Volume: 55 Issue: 3 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/319-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/319-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200903-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:55:y:2009:i:3:id:319-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Name: J. Qin Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, P.R. China Author-Name: W. Yao Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Name: L. Bi Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Name: T. Lai Author-Workplace-Name: Jiangxi Institute of Red Soil, Jinxian, Nanchang, P.R. China Author-Name: X. Yu Author-Workplace-Name: Jiangxi Institute of Red Soil, Jinxian, Nanchang, P.R. China Title: Effect of long-term application of manure and mineral fertilizers on nitrogen mineralization and microbial biomass in paddy soil during rice growth stages Abstract: Net N mineralization rate (NMR), net N consumption rate (NCR), microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN), potentially mineralizable N (PMN) and mineral N (N-NH+4 and N-NO-3) were measured in paddy soil at five growth stages of rice to determine the effect of long-term fertilization in subtropical China. The studied long-term treatments included CK (no fertilization), N, NP, NPK and NPK + OM (NPK plus organic manure). The NPK + OM treatment gave the highest values of the measured variables among all treatments. There was no significant difference in other treatments except for mineral N and PMN at early growth stages. All these variables were generally highest at transplanting stage as two thirds of fertilization was applied as basal fertilizers and the rice uptake was low. Then they decreased or leveled off with the rice growth stages except for MN in all treatments. Stepwise regression revealed that NMR was significantly correlated with MBC and N-NH+4 (R2 = 0.954, P < 0.01) at all rice growth stages. So, mineral plus manure fertilizer application and more mineral fertilizer as topdressing were recommended in subtropical paddy soil. Keywords: paddy soil, in situ, net N mineralization, soil microbial biomass, potential mineralizable N Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 101-109 Volume: 55 Issue: 3 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/322-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/322-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200903-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:55:y:2009:i:3:id:322-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Z.M. Wang Author-Workplace-Name: Northeast Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin Province, P.R. China Author-Name: K.S. Song Author-Workplace-Name: Northeast Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin Province, P.R. China Author-Name: B. Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: Northeast Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin Province, P.R. China Author-Name: D.W. Liu Author-Workplace-Name: Northeast Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin Province, P.R. China Author-Name: X.Y. Li Author-Workplace-Name: School of Earth Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, P.R. China Author-Name: C.Y. Ren Author-Workplace-Name: Northeast Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin Province, P.R. China Author-Name: S.M. Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: Northeast Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin Province, P.R. China Author-Name: L. Luo Author-Workplace-Name: Northeast Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin Province, P.R. China Author-Name: C.H. Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: Northeast Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin Province, P.R. China Title: Spatial variability and affecting factors of soil nutrients in croplands of Northeast China: a case study in Dehui County Abstract: This paper addressed the spatial distribution characteristics of organic matter, total nitrogen, extractable phosphorus and extractable potassium in agricultural soils of Northeast China. The related factors were explored using geostatistics and geographic information systems. The results showed that the log-transformed data of the four soil nutrients followed a normal distribution. Soil extractable phosphorus had a higher coefficient of variation. The experimental variogram of the log-transformed data of soil organic matter, total nitrogen and extractable phosphorus was fitted with an exponential model, while soil extractable potassium was fitted to a spherical model. Soil samples from smaller slope gradients had higher organic matter and total nitrogen. Soil type affected the four soil nutrients significantly. Soil samples from dry farming land had significantly higher total nitrogen and extractable potassium than soil from paddy fields, while the contrary was found for extractable phosphorus. Along the Yinma River, soil samples from the western part have statistically higher values for organic matter, total nitrogen and extractable potassium than those collected from the eastern part. Keywords: soil nutrients, landscape attributes, geostatistics, GIS, Dehui County, Northeast China Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 110-120 Volume: 55 Issue: 3 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/323-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/323-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200903-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:55:y:2009:i:3:id:323-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Attarod Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forestry and Forest Economics, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran Author-Name: M. Aoki Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan Author-Name: V. Bayramzadeh Author-Workplace-Name: Agriculture Research Center, Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch, Iran Title: Measurements of the actual evapotranspiration and crop coefficients of summer and winter seasons crops in Japan Abstract: The main goal was to understand the trends of actual evapotranspiration (AET) and crop coefficient (Kc) in summer and winter seasons crops in Japan, maize, soybean, wheat and Italian rye-grass. Bowen ratio energy balance technique (BREB) was applied to measure the AET and heat flux between ground surface and atmosphere. Measurements were carried out using an automatic weather station (AWS) installed seasonally in the experimental farm of Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT). Penman-Monteith equation recommended by FAO was used to calculate reference crop evapotranspiration (ET0) and Kc was obtained from the ratio of AET to ET0. The results indicated that the average amount of daytime AET in the winter and summer seasons crops were approximately 2.5 and 3.5 mm, respectively monthly daytime. Daytime AET varied between 1.3 and 5.7 mm in winter season crops and between 1.4 and 6.5 mm in summer season crops. No significant differences between daily average values of AET for winter season as well as for summer season crops were found at 5% level of confidence (t = 0.9278, wheat and Italian rye-grass and t = 0.6781, soybean and maize). Average Kc values of summer season crops were found to be slightly higher than those of winter seasons crops. For planning the irrigation scheduling, it is quite necessary to understand the behaviors of AET and Kc during the growing season. Keywords: Bowen ratio, crop coefficient, evapotranspiration, Penman-Monteith equation, agricultural crops Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 121-127 Volume: 55 Issue: 3 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/324-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/324-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200903-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:55:y:2009:i:3:id:324-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. Lei Author-Workplace-Name: Centre for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, CAS, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Graduate School, CAS, Beijing, P. R. China Author-Name: Q. Yunzhou Author-Workplace-Name: Centre for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, CAS, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China Author-Name: J. Fengchao Author-Workplace-Name: Centre for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, CAS, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Graduate School, CAS, Beijing, P. R. China Author-Name: S. Changhai Author-Workplace-Name: Centre for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, CAS, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Graduate School, CAS, Beijing, P. R. China Author-Name: Y. Chao Author-Workplace-Name: Centre for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, CAS, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Graduate School, CAS, Beijing, P. R. China Author-Name: L. Yuxin Author-Workplace-Name: Centre for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, CAS, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Graduate School, CAS, Beijing, P. R. China Author-Name: L. Mengyu Author-Workplace-Name: Centre for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, CAS, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China Author-Name: D. Baodi Author-Workplace-Name: Centre for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, CAS, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China Title: Physiological mechanism contributing to efficient use of water in field tomato under different irrigation Abstract: An open field experiment was conducted under furrow irrigation with 3 treatments: CK (control), PRD (partial root drying) and RDI (regulated deficit irrigation). The results showed that water potential, water content of the leaf and growth were decreased under PRD and RDI and the plants met stronger water stress under RDI than under PRD regime. The water use efficiency (WUE) based on fruit yield reached to 10.95 kg/m3 and 15.33 kg/m3, i.e. 17.1% and 63.9% increase over CK under RDI and PRD, respectively. The transpiration efficiency in RDI was kept at the same level as CK, whereas it was promoted by 32.4% under PRD condition. CAT, SOD and POD activities were more active under RDI and especially under PRD than under CK. Therefore, following conclusions could be made: moderate water stress induced osmotic regulation under PRD conditions, leading to normal water status, higher antioxidant enzymes activities, the same level of biomass and lower water use, thus providing some part of mechanism to higher WUE under PRD condition. Keywords: partial root drying, transpiration efficiency, antioxidant enzymes activities, biomass partition Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 128-133 Volume: 55 Issue: 3 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/321-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/321-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200903-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:55:y:2009:i:3:id:321-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Kozak Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Experimental Design and Bioinformatics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland Author-Name: M.R. Verma Author-Workplace-Name: Division of Agricultural Economics and Statistics, ICAR Research Complex Title: Multiplicative yield component analysis: what does it offer to cereal agronomists and breeders Abstract: In this paper we have discussed the problem of decomposition of a response variable into other predictor variables whose product gives the value of the response variable. This methodology is known as multiplicative yield component analysis. We have discussed the applications of multiplicative yield component analysis in cereal science and breeding. The discussion of multiplicative yield component analysis involves the description of yield component analysis for cereal grain yield, single genotype yield component analysis and across-genotype yield component analysis. Keywords: yield component analysis, single-genotype yield component analysis, across-genotype yield component analysis Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 134-138 Volume: 55 Issue: 3 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/320-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/320-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200903-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:55:y:2009:i:3:id:320-PSE