Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A.K.S. Lobato Author-Workplace-Name: Núcleo de Pesquisa Aplicada a Agricultura, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil Author-Name: R.C.L. Costa Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratório de Fisiologia Vegetal Avançada, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Author-Name: C.F. Oliveira Neto Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratório de Fisiologia Vegetal Avançada, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Author-Name: B.G. Santos Filho Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratório de Fisiologia Vegetal Avançada, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Author-Name: M.C. Gonçalves-Vidigal Author-Workplace-Name: Núcleo de Pesquisa Aplicada a Agricultura, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil Author-Name: P.S. Vidigal Filho Author-Workplace-Name: Núcleo de Pesquisa Aplicada a Agricultura, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil Author-Name: C.R. Silva Author-Workplace-Name: Núcleo de Pesquisa Aplicada a Agricultura, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil Author-Name: F.J.R. Cruz Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratório de Fisiologia Vegetal Avançada, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Author-Name: P.M.P. Carvalho Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratório de Fisiologia Vegetal Avançada, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Author-Name: P.C.M. Santos Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratório de Fisiologia Vegetal Avançada, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Author-Name: A. Gonela Author-Workplace-Name: Núcleo de Pesquisa Aplicada a Agricultura, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil Title: Consequences of the water deficit on water relations and symbiosis in Vigna unguiculata cultivars Abstract: The study aimed at evaluating and comparing changes provoked by the water deficit on water relations and nitrogen fixation in two Vigna unguiculata cultivars, as well as at indicating which cultivar is more tolerant under water deficiency. The experimental design used was entirely randomized in factorial scheme, with 2 cultivars (Pitiuba and Pérola) and 2 water regimes (control and stress). The parameters evaluated were the leaf relative water content, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, nodule number, nodule dry matter, nitrate reductase enzyme activity, ureide concentration and leghemoglobin in nodule. The stomatal conductance of the Pitiuba and Pérola cultivars under water deficit were 0.20 and 0.01 mmol H2O/m2/s, respectively. The nitrate reductase activity of the plants under stress was significantly reduced in both cultivars. The leghemoglobin in the Pitiuba and Pérola cultivars under water stress had the concentrations of 58 and 41 g/kg dry matter, respectively. The parameters investigated in this study suggest that the Pitiuba cultivar under water deficit suffers from smaller changes, when compared with Pérola cultivar. Keywords: Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp., water deficit, stomatal conductance, nodulation, N2 fixation Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 139-145 Volume: 55 Issue: 4 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/1615-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1615-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200904-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:55:y:2009:i:4:id:1615-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Gao Author-Workplace-Name: Shandong Agricultural University, Soil and Water Conservation Department of Forestry College, Tai'an, P.R. China Author-Name: Z.J. Li Author-Workplace-Name: Shandong Agricultural University, Soil and Water Conservation Department of Forestry College, Tai'an, P.R. China Author-Name: G.C. Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: Shandong Agricultural University, Soil and Water Conservation Department of Forestry College, Tai'an, P.R. China Author-Name: Z.X. Liu Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shen'yang, P.R. China Title: Rainwater efficient use of the cellar-greenhouse system on slope land in hilly semi-arid area of North China Abstract: Water resources in semi-arid and arid regions are the most strongly limiting factor of the growth for plants. Rainwater efficient use is one of the focuses of the water resources research. In this paper, an experiment was conducted at Ka Zuo Research Station of Ecological Agriculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences in the hilly semi-arid area of North China. It aimed at studying the efficient use of rainwater harvesting of the cellar-greenhouse system (CGS). Results showed that, on average, the rainwater harvesting efficiency and sediment yield of the CGS were 5.7-15.7% and 865.8-1794.0 kg/ha, respectively, and that the rainwater harvesting efficiency and sediment yield of the CGS on slopes of 6° and 7° were significantly higher than that of the CGS on slope of 4.5°. In the CGS, over 52.1% of the irrigation rainwater was saved; the irrigation efficiency was significantly improved, by 21.15 kg/m3/ha on average, for sub-surface irrigation. Moreover, compared with flood irrigation, sub-surface irrigation could increase vegetable yield by 8.1-22.3%, improve output value of rainwater by 116.8-164.6%, and furthermore, the environmental conditions of the greenhouse on slope land were improved obviously. The mean unit area value of the CGS was about 13.5 times higher than that of the traditional land use system. By using the CGS, three goals, which were reducing water and soil losses, getting high rainwater use efficiency and gaining corresponding benefits, were realized. Keywords: rainwater harvesting, cellar-greenhouse system (CGS), greenhouse on slope land, sub-surface irrigation, hilly semi-arid area Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 146-153 Volume: 55 Issue: 4 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/1642-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1642-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200904-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:55:y:2009:i:4:id:1642-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A.U. Akpinar Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biology, Faculty of Art and Sciences, University of Uludag, Gorukle-Bursa, Turkey Author-Name: S. Ozturk Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biology, Faculty of Art and Sciences, University of Uludag, Gorukle-Bursa, Turkey Author-Name: M. Sinirtas Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Uludag, Gorukle-Bursa, Title: Effects of some terricolous lichens [Cladonia rangiformis Hoffm., Peltigera neckerii Hepp ex Müll. Arg., Peltigera rufescens (Weiss) Humb.] on soil bacteria in natural conditions Abstract: This paper is aimed to investigate the effects of some terricolous lichens on soil bacteria's growth in natural conditions. It is focused on species of bacteria and also on numbers of colony of soil specimens that were taken from substrates of three different terricolous lichen species. Peltigera rufescens (Weiss) Humb., which has not secondary metabolites, did not show an inhibition effect on soil bacteria. However, Peltigera neckerii Hepp ex Müll. Arg., which has secondary metabolites, has a negative effect on soil bacteria's growth. Besides, it was observed that Cladonia rangiformis Hoffm., which has many kinds of secondary metabolites, has the highest inhibition effect among the studied species. For this reason, we think that in the next researches, it is convenient to investigate elaborately by soil analysis the effect of lichen's secondary metabolites that have an effect on soil mineralization, on soil bacteria's growth. Keywords: lichens, secondary metabolites, soil bacteria Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 154-158 Volume: 55 Issue: 4 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/1616-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1616-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200904-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:55:y:2009:i:4:id:1616-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: H. Han Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, P.R. China Author-Name: W. Yang Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, P.R. China Title: Influence of uniconazole and plant density on nitrogen content and grain quality in winter wheat in South China Abstract: Superior protein quality and consistent processing quality is needed for winter wheat marketing in South China. It has been shown that uniconazole concentration and plant density are certainly related to crop growth. An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of uniconazole concentration and plant density on nitrogen content and grain quality in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Trials were managed to provide three levels of density (90 × 104, 180 × 104, and 270 × 104 per ha) over plots receiving four levels of uniconazole concentrations (0, 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg) which were applied to seeds before sowing. The results revealed that the contents of N accumulated in ear, stem, and leaf were higher in uniconazole concentrations than that in control, and the effect of uniconazole on main stem was bigger than that on tillers. The grain protein was significantly (LSD, P < 0.05) higher in uniconazole concentrations than that in control. Uniconazole at 20 mg/kg was the most favorable for improving grain protein and protein fractions. Application of uniconazole concentrations also significantly (LSD, P < 0.05) increased WGC (wet gluten content) and SDS (sedimentation volumes), prolonged DDT (dough development time) and DST (dough stable time), and improved WA (water absorption), increased VV (valorimeter value), and subsequently improved the processing quality of wheat grains. These results suggest that a combination of uniconazole concentration and plant density should be applied in South China. Keywords: grain protein, N distribution, protein composition, processing quality, uniconazole, density, winter wheat Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 159-166 Volume: 55 Issue: 4 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/1643-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1643-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200904-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:55:y:2009:i:4:id:1643-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Takáč Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Montaneous Sciences and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Mining, Ecology, Process Control and Geotechnologies, Technical University of Košice, Slovak Republic Author-Name: T. Szabová Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Montaneous Sciences and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Mining, Ecology, Process Control and Geotechnologies, Technical University of Košice, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Ľ. Kozáková Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Montaneous Sciences and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Mining, Ecology, Process Control and Geotechnologies, Technical University of Košice, Slovak Republic Author-Name: M. Benková Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Montaneous Sciences and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Mining, Ecology, Process Control and Geotechnologies, Technical University of Košice, Slovak Republic Title: Heavy metals and their bioavailability from soils in the long-term polluted Central Spiš region of SR Abstract: The heavy metal contents and their bioavailability were monitored in soils of Central Spiš region of SR. This area belongs to long term contaminated and hygienically loaded areas. Soil contamination by heavy metals is caused especially by ore mining, processing and treatment. Soil samples from the Central Spiš contained higher proportions of mobile forms which corresponded to the following sequence Pb > Zn > Cu, while for mobilizable forms the sequence of investigated metals was as follows: Cu > Zn > Pb. Soil pH is one of the parameters that affect significantly the share of bioavailable forms of metals. Higher proportions of mobile fractions of metals were detected in samples taken from soils with acidic pH. Statistical processing confirmed a relationship between the percentage share of lead and zinc in the mobile form and the level of pH/KCl, which was significant for Zn: r = -0.53. The relationships for lead and copper were insignificant. Keywords: heavy metals, soil contamination, heavy metal speciation, bioavailability, mobile and mobilizable form Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 167-172 Volume: 55 Issue: 4 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/21/2009-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/21/2009-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200904-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:55:y:2009:i:4:id:21-2009-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Matula Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Title: A relationship between multi-nutrient soil tests (Mehlich 3, ammonium acetate, and water extraction) and bioavailability of nutrients from soils for barley Abstract: The aim of the paper was to test the universality of three multi-nutrient soil tests after a radical intervention in soil chemistry by gypsum treatment on a variable set of 36 soils. Pot experiments with barley in a growth chamber were conducted to determine the bioavailability of K, Mg, P, Mn and B from soils. There were no marked differences in correlations between soil tests and the plant in K, Mg and P. But in the case of Mn and B Mehlich 3 test was not in appropriate agreement with the plant. Shortcoming of water extraction is missing information of capacity character for the derivation of the fertilizer recommendations on heterogeneous soils. The highest universality of NH4-acetate soil test was proved in all studied nutrients (K, Mg, P, Mn, B) in relation to the plant. Determination of the CEC value that extends the information of capacity character is a part of this soil test. The CEC value contributes to a more sophisticated approach to interpretation for the fertilizer recommendations. Keywords: soil testing, Mehlich 3, ammonium acetate extraction, water extraction, bio-availability, potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, manganese, boron Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 173-180 Volume: 55 Issue: 4 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/29/2009-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/29/2009-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200904-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:55:y:2009:i:4:id:29-2009-PSE