Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: R. Cerkal Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry in Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: K. Vejražka Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry in Brno, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Research Ltd., Troubsko, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Kamler Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry in Brno, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Vertebrate Biology, v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Dvořák Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry in Brno, Czech Republic Title: Game browse and its impact on selected grain crops Abstract: This work presents the results of a survey that studied simulated plant browsing by herbivores. In 2004-2006, winter wheat, spring barley, and maize field trials were founded in order to monitor the impact of different levels of defoliation (leaf area reduction) on the yield and grain quality. The defoliation was carried out by means of mechanical removal of plant parts in the early growth stages. Selected qualitative parameters were determined in the harvested grain of wheat and barley. Statistically significant influence of leaf area reduction (LAR) on grain yield (decrease by 4-14%) was found only in maize in 2004. No statistically significant influence of the leaf area reduction on thousand grain weight (TGW) was found in any of the studied crops. The leaf area reduction in barley did not affect grain characteristics; however, it had a statistically significant influence on the quality of wheat grain. Moreover, wheat reduction statistically significantly increased the falling number (by 29-39 s) and decreased SDS test values (by 8-9 ml). Keywords: game damages, herbivores, defoliation, compensatory response, leaf area reduction Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 181-186 Volume: 55 Issue: 5 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/381-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/381-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200905-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:55:y:2009:i:5:id:381-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Martinek Author-Workplace-Name: Agrotest Fyto, Ltd., Kroměříž, Czech Republic Author-Name: K. Klem Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Systems Biology and Ecology, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Váňová Author-Workplace-Name: Agrotest Fyto, Ltd., Kroměříž, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Bartáčková Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Chemical Technology Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Večerková Author-Workplace-Name: Agrotest Fyto, Ltd., Kroměříž, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Bucher Author-Workplace-Name: Potato Research Institute Havlíčkův Brod, Ltd., Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Hajšlová Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Chemical Technology Prague, Czech Republic Title: Effects of nitrogen nutrition, fungicide treatment and wheat genotype on free asparagine and reducing sugars content as precursors of acrylamide formation in bread Abstract: Acrylamide, a monomer with neurotoxic and potential carcinogenic effect, is formed via the Maillard reaction in heat-treated carbohydrate-rich foods. The major acrylamide precursors are reducing sugars and the amino acid asparagine. The aim of this study was to analyse effects of nitrogen nutrition, leaf disease control, wheat genotype and their interactions on acrylamide precursors content in wheat flour. Asparagine content was generally increasing at higher nitrogen doses, and nitrogen dose increase from 0 to 180 kg/ha increased the asparagine content to about 250%. The highest asparagine levels were determined at early spring nitrogen application. In the year 2006 with high leaf disease infestation, fungicide treatment decreased asparagine content particularly at higher nitrogen doses. In 2007, the effect of leaf disease control did not express in respect of very low infestation level. Close relationship between protein content and free asparagine in wheat flour was determined when leaf disease stress (fungicide treatment) and drought stress (year) were constant. Asparagine content was strongly influenced by wheat genotype and the differences between genotypes exceeded 200%. Effect of higher intensity was lower as compared to nitrogen nutrition, with regard to compensatory effect of fungicide treatments. Glucose content in wheat flour decreased both with fungicide treatment and total intensity level. Nitrogen dose increased glucose content up to 120 kg N/ha. Higher nitrogen doses decreased glucose content to initial level. Keywords: acrylamide precursors, nitrogen nutrition, leaf disease control, wheat genotype Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 187-195 Volume: 55 Issue: 5 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/382-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/382-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200905-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:55:y:2009:i:5:id:382-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. Sarkar Author-Workplace-Name: UPASI Tea Research Foundation, Tea Research Institute, Tamil Nadu, India Author-Name: S. Seenivasan Author-Workplace-Name: UPASI Tea Research Foundation, Tea Research Institute, Tamil Nadu, India Author-Name: R. Premkumar Author-Workplace-Name: UPASI Tea Research Foundation, Tea Research Institute, Tamil Nadu, India Title: Biodegradation of propiconazole by Pseudomonas putida isolated from tea rhizosphere Abstract: Biodegradation of triazole fungicide propiconazole was carried out in vitro by selected Pseudomonas strains isolated from tea rhizosphere. A total number of twelve strains were isolated and further screened based on their tolerance level to propiconazole. Four best strains were selected and further tested for their nutritional requirements. Among the different carbon sources tested glucose exhibited the highest growth promoting capacity and among nitrogen sources ammonium nitrate supported the growth to the maximum. The four selected Pseudomonas strains exhibited a range of degradation capabilities. Mineral salts medium (MSM) amended with glucose provided better environment for degradation with the highest degradation potential in strain MPR 4 followed by MPR 12 (72.8% and 67.8%, respectively). Keywords: tea, propiconazole, Pseudomonas, biodegradation, glucose Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 196-201 Volume: 55 Issue: 5 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/2184-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2184-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200905-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:55:y:2009:i:5:id:2184-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: So. Asadi Kapourchal Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Environmental Sciences, Allameh Mohaddes Noori Higher Education Centre, Noor, Iran Author-Name: Sa. Asadi Kapourchal Author-Workplace-Name: Soil Science Department, Science and Research Unit, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Author-Name: E. Pazira Author-Workplace-Name: Soil Science Department, Science and Research Unit, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Author-Name: M. Homaee Author-Workplace-Name: Soil Science Department, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Title: Assessing radish (Raphanus sativus L.) potential for phytoremediation of lead-polluted soils resulting from air pollution Abstract: The objective of this study was to investigate the capability of radish to extract lead from soils contaminated with lead resulting from air pollution. A randomized block experiment design was performed. The soil was contaminated with PbNO3 and the treatments consisted of 180 (standard), 250, 350, 450, 800 and 1000 mg/kg lead. After development, plants were harvested and divided into shoots and roots. The lead content of each plant part as well as the soil-lead were measured. The results indicated a non-linear positive relation between the lead concentrations in soil and that accumulated in plant roots and shoots. By increasing the lead concentration in soil, its accumulation in plant tissues was also increased. Most of the extracted lead was accumulated in the roots (208.1 mg/kg) compared to shoots (27.25 mg/kg). Since radish can be seeded up to five times a year, and its yield may reach up to 20 t/ha, it can be used to remediate lead-polluted topsoils (0-10 cm). Keywords: lead, phytoextraction, radish, soil pollution, Raphanus sativus L Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 202-206 Volume: 55 Issue: 5 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/8/2009-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/8/2009-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200905-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:55:y:2009:i:5:id:8-2009-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: H. Saadatnia Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Biosciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Evin, Tehran, Iran Author-Name: H. Riahi Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Biosciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Evin, Tehran, Iran Title: Cyanobacteria from paddy fields in Iran as a biofertilizer in rice plants Abstract: In this research cyanobacteria (Blue-Green Algae, BGA) were isolated, identified, multiplied and used as an inoculum in pot rice experiment. The pH, moisture and algal population were measured in four seasons. The highest and lowest pH (6.7, 6.2), moisture of soil (43%, 34%) and algal population (12, 20 Colony-Forming Units/50 ml on A and B medium and 4, 5 Colony-Forming Units/50 ml on A and B medium) were recorded in spring and winter, respectively. The only heterocystous cyanobacteria were found in soil samples identified as Anabaena with four species (A. spiroides, A. variabilis, A. torulosa and A. osillarioides). The germination of rice seeds treated with cyanobacteria was faster than control. The result of pot experiment were: increase of 53% in plant height; 66% in roots length; 58% in fresh leaf and stem weight; 80% in fresh root weight; 125% in dry leaf and stem weight; 150% in dry root weight; 20% in soil moisture; 28% in soil porosity and a decrease of 9.8% in soil bulk density and 4.8% in soil particle density. There were significant differences (P < 0.05) in pot treated with BGA as compared with control. Keywords: cyanobacteria, inoculation, rice growth Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 207-212 Volume: 55 Issue: 5 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/384-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/384-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200905-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:55:y:2009:i:5:id:384-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: E. Yildirim Author-Workplace-Name: Atatürk University, Ispir Hamza Polat Vocational Training School, Ispir, Erzurum, Turkey Author-Name: H. Karlidag Author-Workplace-Name: Atatürk University, Ispir Hamza Polat Vocational Training School, Ispir, Erzurum, Turkey Author-Name: M. Turan Author-Workplace-Name: Atatürk University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil Science, Erzurum, Title: Mitigation of salt stress in strawberry by foliar K, Ca and Mg nutrient supply Abstract: Plant root and shoot dry weight, leaf relative water content (LRWC) and chlorophyll content were reduced by 30%, 21%, 15%, 34%, respectively, at 40mM NaCl as compared to non-salt stress conditions. However, membrane permeability (MP) of plant increased (85.0%) with increasing salinity. Foliar nutrient application (FNA) alleviated deleterious effects of salinity stress on growth and this effect was statistically significant. The highest alleviation effect of FNA at 40mM salinity stress was observed in the case of 10mM foliar KNO3 and Ca(NO3)2 application, resulting in increase in plant root dry weight (50%), shoot dry weight (50%), LRWC (8.2%) and MP decrease (27.4%) at 40mM NaCl. Phosphorus, Fe and Zn contents in shoots and roots of plants also increased with FNA treatments, but they were still much lower than those of non-salt stress treatment. Sulphur, P, Fe and Zn contents of shoots reached similar values as in non-salt stress treatment when KNO3 was applied, whereas Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu contents of roots reached the values of non-salt stress treatment when Ca(NO3)2 was applied. Keywords: alleviation, foliar application, NaCl salinity, minerals content Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 213-221 Volume: 55 Issue: 5 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/383-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/383-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200905-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:55:y:2009:i:5:id:383-PSE