Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Kulhánek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroenvironmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Balík Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroenvironmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Černý Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroenvironmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Vaněk Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroenvironmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Evaluation of phosphorus mobility in soil using different extraction methods Abstract: Soil samples (from Czech and German long-term field experiments) were used to estimate different soil phosphorus (P) fractions. More than 200 topsoil (0-30 cm) samples from different fertilizing treatments were taken. These were analyzed for P in soil solution (PCaCl2) [0.01M CaCl2 extract], exchangeable sorbed P (Pex) [anion exchange (AE) membranes] and bioavailable P [Doppel-Lactat and Mehlich 3 (PDL and PM3)]. Other fractions analyzed were total inorganic (Pin), total (PM-tot) and organic (Porg) P [fractionation after Marks], P sorbed on Fe and Al (PFeAl) [fractionation after Schwertmann] and residual P (Par) [aqua regia extract]. Comparison of medians appeared to be better for evaluating extraction abilities. Phosphorus fractions were in the following order: (Par = 100%); PCaCl2 (0.2%) < Pex (9%) < PDL (10%) < PM3 (16%) < Pin (24%) < Porg (37%) < PFeAl (55%) < PM-tot (59%). Low amounts of Pin, Porg and PM-tot did not verify the applicability of the Marks' fractionation for the set of studied soils. Close correlations at P ≤ 0.001 were found for all methods for estimating the fractions of bioavailable phosphates (PCaCl2, Pex, PDL and PM3). Statistically significant relations were observed between Pin with Par, PM-tot and PFeAl. Keywords: phosphorus, soil, bioavailability, P fractions Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 267-272 Volume: 55 Issue: 7 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/43/2009-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/43/2009-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200907-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:55:y:2009:i:7:id:43-2009-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Li Jing Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on Loess Plateau, Northwest A and F University, Yangling Shaanxi, P.R. China Author-Name: Li Shi-Qing Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on Loess Plateau, Northwest A and F University, Yangling Shaanxi, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, CAS and MWR, Yangling Shaanxi, Author-Name: Liu Yi Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, CAS and MWR, Yangling Shaanxi, Author-Name: Chen Xiao-Li Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, CAS and MWR, Yangling Shaanxi, Title: Effects of increased ammonia on root/shoot ratio, grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency of two wheat varieties with various N supply Abstract: The effects of elevated atmospheric NH3 on growth and yield parameters of two winter wheat varieties, the high water and fertilizer-demanding variety Xiaoyan 6 (XY6) and the drought-resistant variety Changhan 58 (CH58), grown with two levels of N fertilization, were studied in Open-Top Chambers. The results showed that in combination with the high N treatment increasing the atmospheric NH3 concentration to 1000 nl/l from the ambient level of 10 nl/l NH3 significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the biomass and the root/shoot ratios of the plants, especially in XY6 plants, mainly because it negatively influenced root biomass production at anthesis and mature stages. In addition, the grain yield of XY6 was by 1.51% higher, while that of CH58 was 13.2% lower, following exposure to the elevated atmospheric NH3 concentration rather than the ambient concentration in combination with the high N treatment. In contrast, in combination with the low N treatment, elevated atmospheric NH3 had significantly and non-significantly positive effects on the grain yield of XY6 and CH58 plants, respectively. The Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE) and related parameters were all lower in plants of both varieties exposed to the high atmospheric NH3 concentration together with either the high or low N treatment. Keywords: winter wheat, elevated atmospheric NH3, root/shoot ratio, grain yield, nitrogen use efficiency Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 273-280 Volume: 55 Issue: 7 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/52/2009-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/52/2009-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200907-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:55:y:2009:i:7:id:52-2009-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: K. Hamouz Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Lachman Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Dvořák Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Orsák Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: K. Hejtmánková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Čížek Author-Workplace-Name: Potato Research Institute Ltd., Havlíčkův Brod, Czech Republic Title: Effect of selected factors on the content of ascorbic acid in potatoes with different tuber flesh colour Abstract: In precise field trials in the years 2004-2008 in the Czech Republic the effect of conditions of location, variety and mineral fertilization on ascorbic acid content (AA) in potatoes with different tuber flesh color was investigated. Significant was the effect of variety. The Marabel variety with the highest AA content (248 mg/kg FW) exceeded other eight varieties by 13.4-74.1%. The Valfi variety, in five-year trials the only variety with purple colored flesh, ranked among analyzed varieties moderately below average. In addition, in the year 2008 the group of seven varieties with purple and red tubers was evaluated and AA content lower by 15.2% compared to the group of varieties with yellow flesh was determined. Also, significant differences were determined between the varieties with coloured tubers; the highest AA content was found in the red-fleshed variety Highland Burgundy Red (234 mg/kg FW). A negative effect on AA content in tubers was observed at increased intensity of N fertilization (at 180 kg N/ha, AA decreased by 12.4% compared to 100 kg N/ha). Enhanced levels of potassium and magnesium fertilization had no effect on the AA content. The effect of location on AA content was not shown; however, from the four locations in average of five years a pronounced trend of the highest content of ascorbic acid on the location Přerov nad Labem with the highest temperature averages during vegetation period of experimental years was determined (by 0.9°C, 2.3°C, and 5.9°C higher compared with other locations). Keywords: ascorbic acid, potatoes, yellow, purple and red fleshed varieties, location, mineral fertilization Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 281-287 Volume: 55 Issue: 7 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/82/2009-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/82/2009-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200907-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:55:y:2009:i:7:id:82-2009-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: X.W. Dong Author-Workplace-Name: Instituteof Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: College of Life Sciences, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, P.R. China Author-Name: X.K. Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: Instituteof Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, P.R. China Author-Name: X.L. Bao Author-Workplace-Name: Instituteof Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Name: J.K. Wang Author-Workplace-Name: College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, P.R. China Title: Spatial distribution of soil nutrients after the establishment of sand-fixing shrubs on sand dune Abstract: Caragana microphylla Lam., an indigenous leguminous shrub, was the dominant plant species to be used to control desertification in semi-arid Horqin Sandy Land. To elucidate the cover effect of Caragana microphylla planted for 25 years on spatial distribution of soil nutrients including C, N, P and K, soil samples were taken from four soil depths (0-5 cm, 5-10 cm, 10-20 cm, and 20-40 cm) and three slope positions (windward slope, top slope, and leeward slope). Soil nutrients under shrubs (US) and between shrubs (BS) were compared to investigate the enrichment effect of plantation. The results showed that soil nutrients except total K were significantly higher in surface soil (0-5 cm) than in deeper layer soil (P < 0.01). Significant differences were found in the contents of total organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total K at different slopes. The contents of total organic carbon and total nitrogen were higher in US than in BS (P < 0.05), but pH was lower (P < 0.01). Our results indicated that the establishment of Caragana microphylla increased the accumulation of soil nutrients, and played an important role in restoring sand dune ecosystems. Keywords: Caragana microphylla, sand dune, soil nutrients, spatial distribution Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 288-294 Volume: 55 Issue: 7 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/13/2009-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/13/2009-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200907-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:55:y:2009:i:7:id:13-2009-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: L. Kacálková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biology, Faculty of Education, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Tlustoš Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroenvironmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Száková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroenvironmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Phytoextraction of cadmium, copper, zinc and mercury by selected plants Abstract: During the years 2006 and 2007 the phytoextraction ability of maize (Zea mays), willow-tree (Salix smithiana) and poplar (Populus nigra × P. maximowiczii) to accumulate cadmium, copper, mercury and zinc was investigated. Small scale field experiment was carried out on soil contaminated with chemicals from the waste incineration plant in Hradec Kralové (Czech Republic). Screening of this allotment showed very different contamination of all observed risk elements on places where the material intended to be burnt without safety of leakage into soil. Grown plants showed the different accumulation of observed elements in plant tissues as well as the influence of total content of the risk elements in soil. The highest Cd (1.5-1.73 mg/kg) and Zn (242-268 mg/kg) concentrations were found in willow-tree biomass mainly in the leaves. Cu and Hg were mostly accumulated by maize roots (14.6-15.8 mg Cu/kg and 1.3-7.4 mg Hg/kg) and lower amount was found out in willow-tree leaves again. In reference to total production of each plant the maximum Cd and Zn uptake by aboveground biomass was found in poplars (201 mg Cd/m2 and 38 200 mg Zn/m2) and maize, which showed high Zn uptake. The biggest amount of copper (2563 mg Cu/m2) was accumulated by aboveground maize biomass on the collection point with the highest Cu concentration in soil and by poplar (2394 mg Cu/m2) on the other collection point. The highest Hg uptake differs in reference to total Hg content in soil; willow-tree has the highest uptake on the place with lower Hg content in soil (44.6 mg Hg/m2) and maize has the highest uptake on the place with higher Hg content in soil (92 mg Hg/m2). Keywords: cadmium, copper, zinc, mercury, maize, willow, poplar, accumulation, removal by plants Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 295-304 Volume: 55 Issue: 7 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/100/2009-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/100/2009-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200907-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:55:y:2009:i:7:id:100-2009-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yuan Ma Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China Author-Name: Shangrao Pu Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Resource and Environment, Sichuan Agriculture University, Dujiangyan, P.R. China Author-Name: Qingsu Cheng Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chemical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China Author-Name: Mingdong Ma Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Resource and Environment, Sichuan Agriculture University, Dujiangyan, P.R. China Title: Isolation and characterization of ardicrenin from Ardisia crenata Sims Abstract: A new, effective and economical method to extract ardicrenin from Ardisia crenata Sims collected in the Wolong natural reserve, Sichuan, China, is established. Ardisia crenata Sims powder is counter-current extracted with 80% methanol reflux, decompressively enriched and centrifuged to defat. Supernatant is applied to macroporous resin column (AB-8) with 80% methanol, ardicrenin is isolated by silica gel chromatography with dichlormethane-acetoacetate-methanol (4:1.5:1) washing, and recrystallized in methanol. The final product which proved to be ardicrenin by analytic procedure including Furier transform infrared (FTIR) and ultraviolet spectrum (UV), mass spectroscopy (MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is white amorphous powder with yield of 1.59 ± 0.02%. Keywords: Ardisia crenata Sims, ardicrenin, isolation, determination Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 305-310 Volume: 55 Issue: 7 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/62/2009-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/62/2009-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200907-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:55:y:2009:i:7:id:62-2009-PSE