Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: editors Title: Index of volume 55 (2009), List of reviewers Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: I-VI Volume: 55 Issue: 12 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/2533-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2533-PSE.html File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:55:y:2009:i:12:id:2533-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Matula Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Possible phosphorus losses from the top layer of agricultural soils by rainfall simulations in relation to multi-nutrient soil tests Abstract: The objective of the study was to examine a possibility of predicting phosphorus leaching from the top layer of agricultural soils by rainfall simulations by means of three multi-nutrient soil tests: Mehlich 3, NH4-acetate extraction and water extraction (1:5, w/v). Another objective was to determine parameters of maximum phosphorus losses after an extreme load of rainfall on the top layer. Forty soils from different localities of the Czech Republic were used for the experiment. A leaching experiment was conducted in pedological cylinders with a soil layer of about 1 cm and with the bottom from a glass microfibre filter with pores 1.2 μm in size. Within 15 days the soils were flooded ten times with 25 mm of simulated rainfall in a minimum interval of 1 day. The closest regression between the soil test and phosphorus leaching was computed for NH4-acetate soil test (R2 = 0.8831) and Mehlich 3 test (R2 = 0.8572) after the first application of 25 mm of rainfall. In water extraction it was for the mean of 10 simulated rainfalls (R2 = 0.8674). As leaching proceeded, the closeness of regression diminished due to fluctuations of P concentration in leachates (increases and decreases), mainly in soils with higher P-test. The increase in P concentration could be caused by the activation of phosphorus from Fe-phosphates under anaerobic conditions in wet soils. The steepest decrease in P concentration in leachates was observed in light soils with low CEC value and higher initial P-test. Keywords: phosphorus, soils, leaching, soil tests, Mehlich 3, NH4-acetate extraction, water extraction Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 511-518 Volume: 55 Issue: 12 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/80/2009-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/80/2009-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200912-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:55:y:2009:i:12:id:80-2009-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Potarzycki Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Chemistry, University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland Author-Name: W. Grzebisz Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Chemistry, University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland Title: Effect of zinc foliar application on grain yield of maize and its yielding compone Abstract: Actual yields of maize harvested by farmers are at level much below attainable yield potential of currently cultivated varieties. Among many growth factors zinc was recognized as one of main limiting factors of maize crop growth and yielding. This hypothesis has been verified within a three-year field study, where zinc fertilizer was applied to maize plants at the 5th leaf stage. Maize crop responded significantly to zinc foliar application in two of three years of study. The optimal rate of zinc foliar spray for achieving significant grain yield response was in the range from 1.0 to 1.5 kg Zn/ha. Grain yield increase was circa 18% (mean of three years) as compared to the treatment fertilized only with NPK. Plants fertilized with 1.0 kg Zn/ha significantly increased both total N uptake and grain yield. Yield forming effect of zinc fertilizer revealed via improvement of yield structure elements. The number of kernels per plant showed the highest response (+17.8% as compared to the NPK plot) and simultaneously the highest dependence on N uptake (R2 = 0.79). For this particular zinc treatment, however, the length of cob can also be applied as a component of yield structure significantly shaping the final grain yield. Keywords: maize, zinc foliar application, grain yield, nitrogen uptake, yield structure components Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 519-527 Volume: 55 Issue: 12 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/95/2009-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/95/2009-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200912-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:55:y:2009:i:12:id:95-2009-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: T. Milosevic Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Fruit Growing and Viticulture, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Kragujevac, Cacak, Serbia Author-Name: N. Milosevic Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Fruit Growing Technology, Fruit Research Institute, Cacak, Serbia Title: The effect of zeolite, organic and inorganic fertilizers on soil chemical properties, growth and biomass yield of apple trees Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of organic (cattle manure) and inorganic fertilizers [composite NPK (15:15:15)] and natural zeolites on soil properties, vegetative growth and yield of apple plants grown on vertisol under Cacak conditions (Western Serbia). The results showed that the combined fertilization induced a decrease in acidity, an increase in humus content, a partial increase in total nitrogen (NTOT), and, primarily, a rise in available phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) levels. A highly significant (P < 0.01) interactive effect of the apple cultivars and nutrients on one-year-old shoot length and trunk cross-sectional area (TCSA) and a significant effect (P < 0.05) on yield per tree and yield per hectare were determined. Keywords: fertilization, crop yield, vertisol, vegetative growth, zeolites Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 528-535 Volume: 55 Issue: 12 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/107/2009-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/107/2009-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200912-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:55:y:2009:i:12:id:107-2009-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: O. Kozlovský Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Balík Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Černý Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Kulhánek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Kos Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Prášilová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Statistics, Faculty of Economics and Management, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Influence of nitrogen fertilizer injection (CULTAN) on yield, yield components formation and quality of winter wheat grain Abstract: The CULTAN (Controlled Uptake Long Term Ammonium Nutrition) system is based on one-time injection of the whole dose of nitrogen required for the vegetation period. The effect of this method on yield and grain quality of winter wheat was observed in a 2-year small-plot trial at 4 different experimental sites in the Czech Republic. The experiment comprised two treatments with the total amount of nitrogen applied during fertilization of 150 kg N/ha. At the CULTAN treatment the whole dose was applied all at once using the GFI 3A injection machine (Maschinen und Antriebstechnik GmbH Güstrow), whereas at the control treatment, the dose was divided into three applications. The average grain yield of winter wheat in 2007 was 9.56 t/ha (control) and 8.78 t/ha (CULTAN); in 2008 it was 9.91 t/ha (control) and 9.63 t/ha (CULTAN). The differences in 2008 were not statistically significant. The contents of nitrogen and gluten were significantly lower at CULTAN treatment in both years. The values of falling number, Zeleny test and bulk density were generally similar at both treatments. Keywords: winter wheat, nitrogen, ammonium injection, quality of grain Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 536-543 Volume: 55 Issue: 12 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/165/2009-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/165/2009-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200912-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:55:y:2009:i:12:id:165-2009-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: G. Mühlbachová Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Microbial biomass dynamics after addition of EDTA into heavy metal contaminated soils Abstract: An incubation experiment with addition of EDTA and alfalfa into soils contaminated with heavy metal over 200 years was carried out in order to evaluate the EDTA effects on microbial properties. Alfalfa was added to soils together with EDTA to examine its abilities to improve microbial activities affected by EDTA. The obtained results showed that the addition of EDTA led to a significant decrease of microbial biomass C during the first 24 days of incubation. At the end of the experiment the microbial biomass C significantly increased quite close to the original level. The EDTA amendment caused, probably due to the toxic effects, a significant increase in respiratory activities and of the metabolic quotient qCO2. An addition of alfalfa significantly improved the microbial biomass C contents in arable soils treated together with EDTA. Both, respiratory activities and qCO2 significantly increased after the soil treatment with EDTA together with alfalfa. EDTA alone decreased the microbial biomass, alfalfa alone as organic substrate was mineralised and utilised by soil microorganisms for their metabolism. Keywords: heavy metal contamination, soils, EDTA, alfalfa, microbial biomass C, soil respiration, metabolic quotient (qCO2) Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 544-550 Volume: 55 Issue: 12 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/124/2009-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/124/2009-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200912-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:55:y:2009:i:12:id:124-2009-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Repková Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak Agricultural University in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: M. Brestič Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak Agricultural University in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: K. Olšovská Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak Agricultural University in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic Title: Leaf growth under temperature and light control Abstract: Dynamics of crop growth and photosynthesis are two main processes that are of major importance for adaptation of plants to their environment. Two experiments were carried out during 2005 and 2006 with sun and shaded barley plants. The results showed that leaf area increased with leaf position on the main stem up to leaf position 5 for sun and leaf position 6 for shaded plants, and then declined towards flag leaves. Air temperature affected leaf appearance, mainly at the beginning of the growing season. A positive correlation between leaf expansion duration (LED) and accumulated temperature sum was measured for both variants, LED linearly increased with temperature sum. Leaf expansion rate (LER) showed a similar dependence on accumulated air temperatures in both light variants. A strong relation was found between soil temperature and LER for the first four leaves of the main stem of shaded plants in 2006. In shaded environment the higher LER was associated with lower accumulated irradiance sum when light restriction supported an increase of leaf elongation and final leaf length. Keywords: barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), leaf growth, leaf area, leaf expansion, temperature, irradiance, sun and shaded leaves Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 551-557 Volume: 55 Issue: 12 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/93/2009-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/93/2009-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200912-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:55:y:2009:i:12:id:93-2009-PSE