Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: X.B. Zhou Author-Workplace-Name: Agronomy College of Shandong Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an, P.R. China Author-Name: G.M. Yang Author-Workplace-Name: Agronomy College of Shandong Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an, P.R. China Author-Name: S.J. Sun Author-Workplace-Name: Agronomy College of Shandong Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an, P.R. China Author-Name: Y.H. Chen Author-Workplace-Name: Agronomy College of Shandong Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an, P.R. China Title: Plant and row spacing effects on soil water and yield of rainfed summer soybean in the northern China Abstract: Productivity and water resource-use efficiency are crucial issues in sustainable agriculture, especially in high-demand water resource crops such as soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. The aims of this research were to compare planting pattern in soybean, evaluating soil moisture content (SMC), yield and water use efficiency (WUE). A 2-year field experiment (2006-2007) was carried out in the north of China. The summer soybean (cv. Ludou 4) experiment consisted of 5 planting patterns under the same plant population density (3.09 × 105 plant/ha), and row spacing (cm) × plant spacing (cm) was 18 × 18 cm (A), 27 × 12 cm (B), 36 × 9 cm (C), 45 × 7.2 cm (D), 54 × 6 cm (E). The results showed that SMC and soil storage water (SSW) decreased with evapotranspiration (ETa) increments after reproductive growth stage, and there were remarkable differences between treatments with decreasing rainfall. SMC curve characteristics in the 0-0 cm soil profile were related to rain; the scope changes of shallow SMC were higher than those of deep SMC. The study revealed that yield and WUE had a negative correlation with row spacing, and they were statistically greater in narrow rows, which approximated equidistant plant spacings, compared to wider rows (P < 0.05). The study also indicates that enhanced productivity and WUE of rainfed summer soybean can be achieved via row spacing reduction and plant spacing widening under uniform planting density. Keywords: summer soybean, planting pattern, soil water content, yield, water use efficiency Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 1-7 Volume: 56 Issue: 1 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/73/2009-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/73/2009-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201001-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:56:y:2010:i:1:id:73-2009-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: L. Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Name: Z. Wu Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, P.R. China Author-Name: Y. Jiang Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, P.R. China Author-Name: L. Chen Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, P.R. China Author-Name: Y. Song Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, P.R. China Author-Name: L. Wang Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Environment and Resources Research Center, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, P.R. China Author-Name: J. Xie Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Environment and Resources Research Center, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, P.R. China Author-Name: X. Ma Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, P.R. China Title: Fate of applied urea 15N in a soil-maize system as affected by urease inhibitor and nitrification inhibitor Abstract: A micro-plot field experiment with reduced urea 15N application was conducted to study the effects of urease inhibitor NBPT (N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide) and nitrification inhibitor DMPP(3,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrazolium dihydrogen) on the fate of applied urea 15N; it aimed to find an efficient way to reduce the urea N application rate while improving the agronomic and environmental benefits. Five treatments were installed, i.e., 180 kg N/ha (N1, conventional application rate), 126 kg N/ha (N2, reduced to 70% conventional application rate), N2 + NBPT, N2 + DMPP, and N2 + NBPT + DMPP. Compared with treatment N1, all the other treatments had a significantly higher total 15N recovery by both soil and plant (P < 0.05 48.20, 41.39, 37.69, 38.85 and 34.83% soil recovery for N2 + NBPT + DMPP, N2 + DMPP, N2 + NBPT, N2 and N1treatment, respectively; and 42.68, 40.86, 40.25, 37.18 and 36.30% plant recovery for N2 + NBPT + DMPP, N2 + DMPP, N2 + NBPT, N2, and N1 treatment, respectively). In the plant 15N recovery, the 15N absorbed in grain/stem was highest in treatment N2 + NBPT + DMPP. The maize biomass and the maize yield had a slight increase in treatment N2 + NBPT + DMPP, compared with those in treatment N1. In sum, for the maize production in study area, N2 + NBPT + DMPP application method would be a feasible way to ensure the normal maize yield while improving yield quality, saving urea fertilizer, and protecting the environment. Keywords: nitrogen, fertilizer, N losses, N use efficiency Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 8-15 Volume: 56 Issue: 1 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/129/2009-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/129/2009-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201001-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:56:y:2010:i:1:id:129-2009-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Y. Wang Author-Workplace-Name: Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, P.R. China Author-Name: C. Hu Author-Workplace-Name: Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, P.R. China Author-Name: B. Zhu Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environments, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chendu, P.R. China Author-Name: H. Xiang Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environments, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chendu, P.R. China Author-Name: X. He Author-Workplace-Name: School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia Title: Effects of wheat straw application on methane and nitrous oxide emissions from purplish paddy fields Abstract: Little information has been known on greenhouse gas emissions from the unique purplish farmland that produces rice for more than 100 million people in Southwest China. We studied methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions under four wheat straw application rates (0, S0; 5.310, S1; 10.620, S2 and 21.240 kg/ha, S3) to a purplish paddy field (Regosols in FAO taxonomy) with the static chamber technique. The seasonal accumulative CH4 (TCH4) or N2O emissions from S0, S1, S2 and S3 were 255, 417, 571 and 687 kg/ha or 3.22, 2.66, 2.35 and 2.16 kg/ha during period from June 1 to September 14, 2005, respectively. Seasonal accumulative CH4 emission was significantly correlated with straw application (Xstraw) (TCH4 = 290.72 + 0.02 Xstraw, r2 = 0.93, P < 0.05). Significantly positive linear correlation was displayed between CH4 flux rate and soil temperature at 5 cm depth (Tsoil) (P < 0.05, 18.0°C ≤ Tsoil ≤ 26.4°C). Straw application less than 5.300 kg/ha could enhance plant carbon fixation amounts, whilst both CH4, N2O emissions and the ratio of carbon equivalent emission to carbon fixation were not increased in the purplish paddy soil. Keywords: methane, nitrous oxide, emissions, application of straw, paddy field, purplish soil Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 16-22 Volume: 56 Issue: 1 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/144/2009-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/144/2009-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201001-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:56:y:2010:i:1:id:144-2009-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: L. Kolář Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Faculty, University of South Bohemia Ceske Budejovice, České Budějovice, Czech Republic Author-Name: S. Kužel Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Faculty, University of South Bohemia Ceske Budejovice, České Budějovice, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Peterka Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Faculty, University of South Bohemia Ceske Budejovice, České Budějovice, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Borová-Batt Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Faculty, University of South Bohemia Ceske Budejovice, České Budějovice, Czech Republic Title: Agrochemical value of the liquid phase of wastes from fermentem during biogas production Abstract: We tested the procedure of combined phytomass utilization Integrated Generation of Solid Fuel and Biogas from Biomass (IFBB) proposed for ensiled grass matter from the aspect of suitability of its use for a typical substrate of new Czech biogas stations, a mixture of cattle slurry, maize silage and grass haylage. The agrochemical value of the liquid phase from a biofermenter was also evaluated. We concluded that this procedure is suitable for the tested substrate and improves the agrochemical value of a fugate from biogas production. By chlorine transfer to the liquid phase, it enables to use the solid phase as a material for production of solid biofuels with a reduced threat of the generation of polychlorinated dioxins and dibenzofurans during combustion. However, the concentration of mineral nutrients in the liquid phase during IFBB procedure is extremely low after anaerobic digestion as a result of dilution with water, and so its volume value is negligible. Keywords: anaerobic digestion, wastes, fertilizing value, separation, utilization, IFBB procedure, mineral fertilizers Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 23-27 Volume: 56 Issue: 1 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/180/2009-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/180/2009-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201001-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:56:y:2010:i:1:id:180-2009-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Černý Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Balík Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Kulhánek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: K. Čásová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Nedvěd Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Mineral and organic fertilization efficiency in long-term stationary experiments Abstract: In long-term stationary experiments under different soil-climatic conditions, an influence of mineral and organic fertilization on yield of winter wheat, spring barley and potato tubers was evaluated. Statistically significantly lowest grain yields of winter wheat (4.00 t/ha) and spring barley (2.81 t/ha) were obtained in non-fertilized plots at all experimental sites. In the case of potatoes, the lowest yield of dry matter (5.71 t/ha) was recorded in the control plot, but the result was not statistically significant. The manure-fertilized plot gave the average yield of wheat higher by 30%, of barley by 22%. Application of sewage sludge resulted in wheat yield higher by 41% and barley yield higher by 26% over control. On average, application of sewage sludge and manure increased the yield of potatoes by 30% over control. The highest yield was obtained after application of mineral fertilizers; average yield increased by 59, 50 and 36% in winter wheat, spring barley and potatoes, respectively. No statistically significant differences among the plots with mineral fertilizers were observed. At different sites, the yield of studied crops varied; however, the effect of fertilization on yield increments was similar at all experimental sites except for Lukavec. It is the site with the lowest natural soil fertility, and it showed the highest effect of the applied fertilizers. Keywords: long-term field experiment, winter wheat, spring barley, potatoes, manure, sewage sludge, mineral fertilizers Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 28-36 Volume: 56 Issue: 1 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/200/2009-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/200/2009-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201001-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:56:y:2010:i:1:id:200-2009-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. Srečec Author-Workplace-Name: KriževciCollege of Agriculture, Križevci, Republic of Croatia Author-Name: V. Zechner-Krpan Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Republic of Croatia Author-Name: V. Petravić-Tominac Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Republic of Croatia Author-Name: A. Čerenak Author-Workplace-Name: Slovenian Institute of Hop Research and Brewing, Žalec, Slovenia Author-Name: Z. Liber Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Botany and Botanical Garden, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Republic of Croatia Author-Name: Z. Šatović Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Seed Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Republic of Croatia Title: Phenotypic and alpha-acid content diversity of wild hop populations in Croatia Abstract: An ecogeographical survey of wild hop populations was conducted in the northwest of Croatia in two consecutive years. A total of 121 plants was documented on eight locations. Along with the passport data, the data on three phenotypic traits (no. of leaflets, cone shape, aroma) were gathered during collection, while the content of α-acids in hop cones was determined by lead conductance. Shannon's information index was calculated for each phenotypic trait and was used as a measure of intra- and inter-population diversity. For all analyzed traits, most of the total phenotypic diversity was attributable to differences among plants within populations. The differences in proportions of individuals having a particular trait state between all pairs of populations in the case of leaflet number and cone shapes were non-significant. Four out of 28 pairwise comparisons for aroma were proven significant, indicating the existence of differences in proportions of individuals across populations recorded to have 'typical hoppy', 'fine hop' or 'rough' aroma. No significant differences were observed for α-acids content among populations. Plants exhibiting elongated cone shape had significantly higher α-acids content than those having oval or round cone shapes. Similarly, plants categorized as 'rough' aroma hop cones had the highest content of α-acids compared with those categorized as 'typical hoppy' or 'fine hop aroma' hop cones. Keywords: Humulus lupulus L., wild hops, hop cones, qualitative traits, quantitative traits, phenotypic diversity, alpha-acid content Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 37-42 Volume: 56 Issue: 1 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/130/2009-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/130/2009-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201001-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:56:y:2010:i:1:id:130-2009-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Kroutil Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: A. Hejtmánková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Lachman Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Effect of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) treatment with brassinosteroids on the content of cadmium and lead in plant aerial biomass and grain Abstract: Spring wheat var. Vánek was cultivated in pots in a soil naturally contaminated with heavy metals. Experimental plants were treated with three different types of brassinosteroids (BRs; 24-epibrassinolide, 24-epicastasterone and 4154) during two different growth stages 29-31 DC (off shooting) and 59-60 DC (beginning of anthesis). Content of heavy metals (Cu, Cd, Pb and Zn) was determined using AAS method in the plant growth stages 47-49 DC (visible awns), 73-75 DC (30-50% of final grain size) and 90-92 DC (full ripeness). At the stages 47-49 DC and 73-75 DC, the content of the heavy metals was determined in the biomass of whole plants, while at the stage 90-92 DC it was determined separately in straw and grains. After the treatment of plants with BRs a decrease in heavy metals content was observed in the growth stage 73-75 DC (i.e. during the period when the plants are harvested for ensilage purposes. Likewise, a decrease of lead content in the grains by 70-74% in the plants treated at both stages 29-31 DC and 59-60 DC and by 48-70% in the plants of the third group (plants treated at stage 59-60 DC) was determined as compared with the untreated plants. Keywords: spring wheat, brassinosteroids, copper, cadmium, lead, zinc Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 43-50 Volume: 56 Issue: 1 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/148/2009-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/148/2009-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201001-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:56:y:2010:i:1:id:148-2009-PSE