Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Neuberg Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: D. Pavlíková Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Pavlík Author-Workplace-Name: Isotope Laboratory, Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Balík Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: The effect of different nitrogen nutrition on proline and asparagine content in plant Abstract: Mixture of plants (Festulolium: Trifolium pretense L.) was grown in the pot experiment with different forms of nitrogen nutrition. The fertilizers (ammonium sulphate or calcium nitrate or ammonium nitrate) were applied conventionally or according to the CULTAN method (Controlled Uptake Long Term Ammonium Nutrition). The absolute growth rate (AGR) and contents of free asparagine and proline in the aboveground biomass were determined. Additional nitrogen increased the dry weight of biomass and AGR of the plants treated with sidedress application in comparison with plants treated with the CULTAN method. The results suggest increased levels of free proline in CULTAN-treated plants while those of asparagine did not increase. The significance of these observations to the loss of potential yield and the relationship between methods of application is considered. Keywords: plant metabolism, Fabaceae, Poaceae, amino acid, nitrogen assimilation Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 305-311 Volume: 56 Issue: 7 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/47/2010-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/47/2010-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201007-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:56:y:2010:i:7:id:47-2010-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Ashrafijou Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Abouraihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Author-Name: S.A. Sadat Noori Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Abouraihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Author-Name: A. Izadi Darbandi Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Abouraihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Author-Name: S. Saghafi Author-Workplace-Name: Biophotonics Laboratory, Science and Research Branch, Plasma Physic Research Center, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Author-Workplace-Name: Bioelectronics Department, Solid State Institute, Technical University of Vienna, Title: Effect of salinity and radiation on proline accumulation in seeds of canola (Brassica napus L.) Abstract: Since laser beam may affect plant traits, it was used to enhance accumulation of proline in rapeseed and therefore to improve its tolerance to the salinity stress. This investigation was performed to study the effect of NaCl concentration in irrigated water (0, 100, 200 and 300 mmol NaCl) on proline accumulation of Canola (Brassica napus L.) after laser irradiation (Red, Infra-red and Nd:YAG) at two exposure treatments. In each exposure, seeds were irradiated for three minutes once or twice by the laser set. Free proline content in leaves increased significantly by increasing of NaCl concentration. Also proline content significantly increased with irradiation by laser beam. The Red laser irradiation used once and the Nd:YAG laser used twice had the greatest effect on the proline content whereas the Infrared laser had a low effect. Double application of irradiation induced a significantly higher amount of proline in the leaves compared to only one application. This is the first report on using different lasers irradiation on proline content in a winter rapeseed. Keywords: proline-rich proteins (PRP), osmotic, salt stress, amino acids, damage plant Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 312-317 Volume: 56 Issue: 7 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/2/2010-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2/2010-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201007-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:56:y:2010:i:7:id:2-2010-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A.S. Al-Khaliel Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Title: Effect of salinity stress on mycorrhizal association and growth response of peanut infected by Glomus mosseae Abstract: Arbuscular mycorrhiza is a mutualistic association between fungi and higher plants, and play a critical role in nutrient cycling and stress tolerance. However, much less is known about the mycorrhiza-mediated enhancement in growth and salinity tolerance of the peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) growing in the arid and semi-arid areas. Therefore, mycorrhizal status of Glomus mosseae in diverse salinity levels on original substrate soil conditions was investigated. Different growth parameters, accumulation of proline content and salt stress tolerance were studied. These investigations indicated that the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi could improve growth of peanuts under salinity through enhanced nutrient absorption and photosynthesis. Chlorophyll content and leaf water content were increased significantly under salinity stress by the inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi. Tolerance of the plants to salinity was increased and the mycorrhizal association was found highly effective in enhancing peanut growth and establishment in soils under salinity and deficient in phosphorus. Keywords: arbuscular mycorrhizae, Glomus mosseae, Arachis hypogaea, salt tolerance, proline Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 318-324 Volume: 56 Issue: 7 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/204/2009-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/204/2009-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201007-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:56:y:2010:i:7:id:204-2009-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Qin Author-Workplace-Name: College of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Name: W.Y. Dong Author-Workplace-Name: College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Name: K.N. He Author-Workplace-Name: College of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Name: Y. Yu Author-Workplace-Name: College of Resource and Environment, Central South University of Forest and Technology, Changsha, P.R. China Author-Name: G.D. Tan Author-Workplace-Name: College of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Name: L. Han Author-Workplace-Name: College of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Name: M. Dong Author-Workplace-Name: College of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Name: Y.Y. Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: College of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Name: D. Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: College of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Name: A.Z. Li Author-Workplace-Name: College of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Name: Z.L. Wang Author-Workplace-Name: Qinghai Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, Xining, P.R. China Title: NaCl salinity-induced changes in water status, ion contents and photosynthetic properties of Shepherdia argentea (Pursh) Nutt. seedlings Abstract: Two-year old seedlings of Silver buffaloberry (Shepherdia argentea (Pursh) Nutt.) were exposed to NaCl salinity (0, 200, 400 and 600 mmol/l) for 30 days. Leaf water potential (Ψw), chlorophyll contents (Chl a, b, and a + b) and K+ content decreased with an increase in salinity. Relative water content (RWC) declined significantly with400 and 600 mmol/l NaCl. However, salinity induced an excessive accumulation of Na+ in the leaves of plants. Light responses of photosynthesis showed that net photosynthetic rate (PN) values were continuously raised with the increase of photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) at all salinity levels and plants treated with 600 mmol/l salinity suffered from photoinhibition with the lowest PN values. The reduction of PN and stomatal conductance (gs) associated with a sharp increase of intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) in the leaves at 600 mmol/l salt-treated plants showed that non-stomatal limitations might have prevailed over stomatal limitations under severe saline conditions, due to severe cellular dehydration, inhibited synthesis of chlorophyll and ionic imbalance and toxicity. It is concluded that S. argentea possesses high salt tolerance capacity and can be widely cultivated in salt-affected areas. Keywords: leaf water potential, ion accumulation, chlorophyll contents, net photosynthetic rate, non-stomatal limitations, salinity Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 325-332 Volume: 56 Issue: 7 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/209/2009-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/209/2009-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201007-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:56:y:2010:i:7:id:209-2009-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A.A.S. Sinegani Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran Author-Name: A. Mahohi Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran Title: Soil water potential effects on the cellulase activities of soil treated with sewage sludge Abstract: To better understand how water stress and availability affect the enzyme activity and microbial communities in soil, we measured the changes of organic carbon (OC), bacteria and fungi populations, and endoglucanase and exoglucanase activities in a semiarid soil treated with air-dried primary sewage sludge at a rate of 20 g/kg. The water potentials established for soil incubation were: saturation (SA, 0 bar), field capacity (FC, -0.3 bar), and permanent wilting point (PWP, -15 bar). An irrigation treatment was a drying-rewetting cycle (DWC) between -0.3 to -15 bars. After 0, 20, 60 and 90 days of incubation soils were sampled for analysis. The addition of sewage sludge increased soil OC, endoglucanase and exoglucanase activities significantly. The effects of soil moisture, incubation time and their interactions on OC, and endoglucanase and exoglucanase activities in soil were significant. During 20 days of incubation, OC, endoglucanase and exoglucanase activities decreased significantly. Soils incubated in DWC and FC compared to soils incubated in SA and PWP had lower OC contents due to organic matter mineralization. Organic C, exoglucanase and endoglucanase activities significantly increased with increasing soil water potential. The activities of exoglucanase and endoglucanase in soils incubated in SA were significantly higher than those in soils incubated in PWP. Keywords: soil water potential, organic carbon, microbial population, endoglucanase and exoglucanase activity, soil incubation Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 333-339 Volume: 56 Issue: 7 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/256/2009-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/256/2009-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201007-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:56:y:2010:i:7:id:256-2009-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. Changhai Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources & Hebei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water-Saving, Centre for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology, CAS, Shijiazhuang, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Graduate School, CAS, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Name: D. Baodi Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources & Hebei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water-Saving, Centre for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology, CAS, Shijiazhuang, P.R. China Author-Name: Q. Yunzhou Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources & Hebei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water-Saving, Centre for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology, CAS, Shijiazhuang, P.R. China Author-Name: L. Yuxin Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources & Hebei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water-Saving, Centre for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology, CAS, Shijiazhuang, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Graduate School, CAS, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Name: S. Lei Author-Workplace-Name: Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, P.R. China Author-Name: L. Mengyu Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources & Hebei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water-Saving, Centre for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology, CAS, Shijiazhuang, P.R. China Author-Name: L. Haipei Author-Workplace-Name: Huazhong Agricultural University, Huazhong, P.R. China Title: Physiological regulation of high transpiration efficiency in winter wheat under drought conditions Abstract: Pot experiments were conducted to study the variation and physiological regulation of transpiration efficiency (TE) of four winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties that are widely grown in different ecological regions in North China. Plants were grown under two soil moisture regimes, normal and drought stress. The results showed that under drought stress condition, both TE at plant level and TE at leaf level (TEl) increased significantly. The transpiration rate (Tr) was reduced more strongly than leaf net CO2 assimilation rate (Pn). The decline of Tr was mainly affected by stomatal conductance and the decline of Pn was affected by non-stomatal factors, which was confirmed by the decline in net photosynthetic oxygen evolution rate. The leaf soluble sugar content and proline content were significantly increased under drought stress. The stomatal density was increased and the stomatal length was reduced. These results led us to make the following conclusions: (1) Under drought stress, the increase in TEl appears to be regulated in two ways: via the stomata by regulating Tr, and independent of the stomata through regulation of Pn; regulation via the stomata was more sensitive; (2) Osmotic adjustment was closely correlated to the non-stomatal regulation, and stomatal aperture was closely correlated to the stomatal way. Keywords: winter wheat, drought, transpiration efficiency, stomata, osmotic adjustment, stomatal aperture Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 340-347 Volume: 56 Issue: 7 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/220/2009-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/220/2009-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201007-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:56:y:2010:i:7:id:220-2009-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: D.W. Gui Author-Workplace-Name: Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, CAS, Urumqi, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Graduate School of the CAS, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystem Author-Name: J.Q. Lei Author-Workplace-Name: Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, CAS, Urumqi, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystem Author-Name: F.J. Zeng Author-Workplace-Name: Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, CAS, Urumqi, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystem Title: Farmland management effects on the quality of surface soil during oasification in the southern rim of the Tarim Basin in Xinjiang, China Abstract: Oasification and desertification are basic geographical processes in arid areas, and both change the soil properties and quality. Recently, oasification has been obvious in the southern rim of the Tarim Basin of Xinjiang, China, and agriculture is the main land-use type. There has been little research on oasification involving farmland of different management types in extremely arid regions. In 2004, four experimental fields were established in the Cele Oasis, representing four typical land-use types of local farmers' tillage practices during oasification. Three experimental fields were situated in the desert-oasis ecotone: newly cultivated land (NEF), a field with normal manure input (NMF), and a field with high manure input (HMF); there was also another field in the oasis interior (OIF), to allow analysis of the management effects on soil properties and soil quality of farmlands. Additionally, the soil from an uncultivated control plot was analyzed for comparison. Both a Soil Quality Index based on soil properties and a Sustainable Yield Index based on yearly yield were used to assess the soil quality of the different farmlands. There were significant differences in seven soil indicators, including soil particle size distribution and soil organic matter, between the four locations. NEF had the lowest and OIF the highest values in all assessments among the five experiment plots. Fertilization of NMF and HMF had positive effects on soil properties and soil quality; however, the sustainable productivity of these farmlands was low. The results should be beneficial for refining agricultural management practices and improving sustainable land use in the oasification process. Keywords: oasification, soil properties, soil quality, farmland, management, Cele Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 348-356 Volume: 56 Issue: 7 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/54/2009-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/54/2009-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201007-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:56:y:2010:i:7:id:54-2009-PSE