Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Iordache Author-Workplace-Name: Banat University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Timişoara, Romania Author-Name: I. Borza Author-Workplace-Name: Banat University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Timişoara, Romania Title: Relation between chemical indices of soil and earthworm abundance under chemical fertilization Abstract: The study intended to establish how the dynamics of earthworms (Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae) changes in soil (abundance, biomass), under conditions of mineral fertilization with nitrogen and phosphorous in four different doses, in a 33-year experimental placement in the west of Romania, in wheat-soybean-maize-barley rotation. The soil indices taken into study were: pH, humus, total nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium. Statistical connections between the studied factors were realized using the dispersion analysis ANOVA and the SPSS Software (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences). The study showed an increase of earthworm abundance and biomass under conditions of chemical fertilization with nitrogen and phosphorous. The highest number of earthworms was recorded in the treatment with the largest dose of nitrogen fertilizer (by 85.85% higher compared to the control treatment). The greatest positive influence on earthworm abundance and biomass was manifested in humus and total nitrogen. The greatest negative influence on earthworm abundance was found in pH factor, while phosphorous content of soil exerted the greatest negative influence on earthworm biomass. Keywords: earthworms, abundance, biomass, nitrogen and phosphorous fertilization Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 401-407 Volume: 56 Issue: 9 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/234/2009-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/234/2009-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201009-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:56:y:2010:i:9:id:234-2009-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: C.Y. Song Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, P.R. China Author-Name: X.Y. Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, P.R. China Author-Name: X.B. Liu Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, P.R. China Author-Name: Y.Y. Sui Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, P.R. China Author-Name: Z.L. Li Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, P.R. China Title: Impact of long term fertilization on soil water content in Haploborolls Abstract: Soil water content under no fertilizer (NF), fertilizer (F) (N:30; P2O5: 45 kg/ha), and fertilizer plus pig manure (FO) (N:30; P2O5: 45 kg/ha; pig manure 15 000 kg/ha in 2003; and 30 000 kg/ha in 2004 and 2005) treatments was measured using neutron probe instrument for a period three years in a long term field experiment in order to investigate the impact of different fertilization treatments on Haploborolls soil water content. Fertilization had significant effects on the soil water content. FO treatment had greater soil water content in 10 cm depth than F treatment with average 9.9% increase (P < 0.05) but lower than NF treatment; however, in the depth from 30 to 90 cm, there was no water content difference between F and FO treatments. Treatment with organic amendments reduced total soil water content on the long term experiment basis. Across the three years, no fertilizer treatment had total soil water content higher by 1.2% and 3.1% than fertilizer treatment and fertilizer plus pig manure treatment within 10 to 210 cm soil profile in most of the months, respectively. Keywords: Haploborolls, fertilization, soil water, soil depth Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 408-411 Volume: 56 Issue: 9 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/173/2009-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/173/2009-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201009-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:56:y:2010:i:9:id:173-2009-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M.C. Pagano Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil Author-Name: M.N. Cabello Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil Author-Name: M.R. Scotti Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil Title: Arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization and growth of Eremanthus incanus Less. in a highland field Abstract: This paper focuses on Eremanthus incanus Less. (Asteraceae), a common species of highland regions in Brazil. The effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) inoculation on plant growth (height and diameter) was evaluated. Roots were examined from individuals randomly selected from undisturbed areas of highland vegetation and from an experimental restored site. Results showed that E. incanus presented high AM colonization both in restored and undisturbed sites. Moreover, AM colonization was significantly higher in the inoculated treatment than in the non-inoculated one. The species presented Arum-type colonization and frequent production of vesicles, especially in the restored site. Arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation stimulated plant growth (height and diameter). Ten AM fungi (AMF) taxa were found in the studied rooting zones: Acaulospora spinosa, A. elegans, A. foveata, Acaulospora sp., Gigaspora margarita, Glomus sp., Dentiscutata biornata, D. cerradensis, Dentiscutata sp. and Racocetra verrucosa. These results revealed that AMF is a common and important component in highland vegetation in Brazil, and should be included in future restoration programs. Keywords: arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, Eremanthus incanus, plant growth, highlands, Brazil Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 412-418 Volume: 56 Issue: 9 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/104/2009-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/104/2009-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201009-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:56:y:2010:i:9:id:104-2009-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A.A. Kuvalekar Author-Workplace-Name: PG Research Centre, Department of Botany, Modern College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Shivajinagar, Pune, India Author-Name: K.R. Gandhe Author-Workplace-Name: PG Research Centre, Department of Botany, Modern College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Shivajinagar, Pune, India Title: Hydrogen peroxide generation and lignification by peroxidases from Acacia eburneainfected with Ravenelia esculenta Abstract: Ravenelia esculenta Naras. and Thirum. is a rust fungus which infects Acacia eburnea Willd. producing hypertrophy in the infected organs. We analysed the changes in the reaction patterns of peroxidase from the tissues at progressive disease stages. Peroxidases (POX) from the tissues were analysed for oxidation of reduced nicotinamine adenine dinucleotide (NADH), NADH-dependent hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generation and polymerization of cinnamyl alcohol, a lignin precursor in plants. The effect of cofactors like Mn2+ and dichlorophenol (DCP) was also studied. Effect of externally added H2O2 on NADH oxidation and cinnamyl alcohol polymerization was analyzed. NADH oxidation and H2O2 generation are accelerated by supplement of cofactors. The cofactor requirements of the two reactions are different. The amount of H2O2 generated varies with disease stages, but the rate of NADH oxidation is comparable. Externally added H2O2 has an accelerating effect on NADH oxidation. Cinnamyl alcohol polymerizing activity of POX increased with disease progression and was strongly inhibited by H2O2. Stimulation of these reactions by cofactors has a physiological significance in terms of susceptibility of the host. Keywords: disease development, lignification, peroxidases, Ravenelia, rust Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 419-428 Volume: 56 Issue: 9 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/120/2009-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/120/2009-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201009-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:56:y:2010:i:9:id:120-2009-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: B. Jalili Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran Author-Name: F. Nourbakhsh Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran Author-Name: M. Ghiasi Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran Title: Kinetic approach to evaluate the effects of 3,3'-diaminobenzidine on N mineralization in soils Abstract: It has been demonstrated that azo dyes, the xenobiotics widely use in industries, can pose threats to public health. 3,3'-diaminobenzidine (DAB), as a benzidine analogue, is generated from reduction of azo dyes by intestinal or environmental microorganisms. The compound was applied at doses of 0 and 100 mg N/kg into two soils of contrasting textural properties belonging among Haplic Calsisols (Juzdan soil) and Calcaric Cambisols (Shervedan soil) and the effects on N mineralization kinetics were evaluated. Kinetic behavior of N mineralization in either the control or the DAB-treated soils consistently followed first-order models. In the early 7-10 days of the incubation period, net N mineralization was adversely influenced by DAB. After the early 7-10 days of incubation, the accumulation of inorganic N was greater in DAB-treated soils than those of control soils. This finding indicated that the degradation of DAB was started. Potentially mineralizable N in Haplic Calsisols and Calcaric Cambisols were 1.1 and 1.4 times greater than those of controls, respectively. Similarly, initial potential rates of N mineralization in the DAB-treated soils were 1.3 and 1.1 times greater than those of controls, respectively. The potentially mineralizable N and initial potential rates of N mineralization in both soils were significantly (LSD, P < 0.05) increased when soils were treated with DAB. About 95 and 82% of the initial DAB-N were mineralized to inorganic N after 60 days of aerobic incubation, respectively. Overall, DAB can be a potentially toxic xenobiotic for soil N mineralization shortly after application and the rate of its inhibition or stimulation is time-dependent. Keywords: xenobiotics, N mineralization, soil contamination, diaminobenzidine Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 429-433 Volume: 56 Issue: 9 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/186/2009-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/186/2009-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201009-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:56:y:2010:i:9:id:186-2009-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: R. Vácha Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Čechmánková Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Skála Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil and selected plants Abstract: The influence of soil load with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on their contents in selected plants was investigated. A set of experiments was realized in three years. The influence of extreme soil load with PAHs (soil contaminated by floods and sludge application) on their content in plants was observed in a pot trial. A laboratory column extract trial investigated PAHs transfer from the soil into soil solution in different conditions. The results showed that the transfer of PAHs into plants is influenced mainly by chemical characteristics of the substances (the number and position of aromatic nuclei); by soil characteristics (content and quality of soil organic matter) and by plant characteristics (plant species and plant bodies). The roots of tested plants were loaded with PAHs thanks to the transfer of less-nuclei compounds (2-3 nuclei) in soil solution into the roots and thanks to the binding of more nuclei compounds (4-6 nuclei) on organic substances in epidermis and primary bark of roots. These results were confirmed by a laboratory column trial. Keywords: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), soil load, mobility, plant production Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 434-443 Volume: 56 Issue: 9 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/7/2010-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/7/2010-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201009-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:56:y:2010:i:9:id:7-2010-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Jursík Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Holec Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Soukup Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Venclová Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Seasonal emergence of selected summer annual weed species in dependence on soil temperature Abstract: This study aimed to describe emergence cycles of selected weed species under Central European conditions in relation to cumulative soil temperatures from the start of the vegetation season. Emergence of Chenopodium album, Echinochloa crus-galli, Galinsoga ciliata, and Abutilon theophrasti was observed from March to October during the period 2001-2006 at two locations. The beginning of main field emergence was determined as the day when the sum of effective hour temperatures was achieved, and was detected from the second decade of April to early May for C. album, in the second decade of May for E. crus-galli, from late April to the beginning of May for G. ciliata, and from the end of April to mid-May for A. theophrasti. The relationship between cumulative soil surface layer temperature and weed mass field emergence at the beginning of the growing season is very direct (differences ±7 days) - but only when soil moisture is sufficient. In a drier spring, the beginning of mass field emergence occurs with 1-4 weeks of delay and field emergence is usually slower and protracted. Keywords: weed biology, emergence, germination, SET, Chenopodium album, Galinsoga ciliate, Echinochloa crus-galli, Abutilon theophrasti Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 444-450 Volume: 56 Issue: 9 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/22/2010-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/22/2010-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201009-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:56:y:2010:i:9:id:22-2010-PSE