Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Dogan Author-Workplace-Name: Harran University, Department of Biology, Şanliurfa, Turkey Author-Name: R. Tipirdamaz Author-Workplace-Name: HacettepeUniversity, Department of Biology, Ankara, Turkey Author-Name: Y. Demir Author-Workplace-Name: Ataturk University, Education Faculty, Department of Biology, Erzurum, Turkey Title: Salt resistance of tomato species grown in sand culture Abstract: In this study, Na+, Cl-, K+, Ca2+, chlorophyll and proline levels and the rate of lipid peroxidation level in terms of malondialdehyde (MDA), were investigated in tissues of 15 different tomato cultivars in salt tolerance. As a material, 15 different tomato genotypes were used during a 28-day period and 150 mmol NaCl was applied in sand culture. While one of tomato genotypes was a wild type belonging to Lycopersicum peruvianum, the others were local genotypes belonging to Lycopersicum esculentum L. Better NaCl-stress tolerance in salt-tolerant cultivars as compared to salt-sensitive cultivars observed during the present investigation might be due to restriction of Na+ accumulation and ability to maintain high K+/Na+ ratio in tissue. The chlorophyll level decreased more in salt-sensitive than in salt-resistant cultivars, whereas proline level increased more in salt-sensitive than in salt-resistant cultivars. The exposure to NaCl induced a significant increase in MDA level in both salt-resistant and salt-sensitive cultivars; yet, MDA level was higher in salt-sensitive cultivars. As a result, exclusion or inclusion of Na+, Cl-, K+ and Ca2+ MDA levels, chlorophyll and proline levels may play a key protective role against stress and these features can be used as identifiers for tolerance to salt. Keywords: chlorophyll, ion accumulation, Lycopersicum esculentum, MDA, proline, salinity tolerance Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 499-507 Volume: 56 Issue: 11 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/24/2010-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/24/2010-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201011-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:56:y:2010:i:11:id:24-2010-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: G. Zheng Author-Workplace-Name: Pratacultural College, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Instituteof Plant Protection, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: H.P. Lv Author-Workplace-Name: Pratacultural College, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Instituteof Plant Protection, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: S. Gao Author-Workplace-Name: College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China Author-Name: S.R. Wang Author-Workplace-Name: Pratacultural College, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, P.R. China Title: Effects of cadmium on growth and antioxidant responses in Glycyrrhiza uralensis seedlings Abstract: In the present study, Glycyrrhiza uralensis (Leguminosae) seeds were germinated and grown with different concentrations (0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 mmol/l) of cadmium acetate, in order to investigate the effects of cadmium on the growth, uptake, superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activities in Glycyrrhiza uralensis seedlings. Uptake of Cd in different tissues of seedlings increased with increasing Cd concentrations in the tested medium, with most accumulation in the radicles. Results suggested that increased cadmium concentrations lead to decreased shoot elongation and seedling biomass. SOD activity in the cotyledons, hypocotyls and radicles increased gradually up to 0.2, 0.1 and 0.4 mmol/l, respectively. POD activity in the cotyledons, hypocotyls and radicles concentrations increased continuously with rising cadmium concentrations up to 0.2, 0.1 and 0.1 mmol/l, respectively. CAT activity in the cotyledons, hypocotyls and radicles increased gradually with increasing cadmium concentrations up to 0.2, 0.2 and 0.1 mmol/l, respectively. PPO activity showed significant increases in the cotyledons, hypocotyls and radicles at 0.4, 0.1 and 0.2 mmol/l cadmium, respectively. A significant change of PAL activity in the cotyledons, hypocotyls and radicles was observed with increasing cadmium concentrations up to 0.2, 0.4 and 0.2 mmol/l, respectively. Results of POD isoenzymes suggested that the staining intensities of isoform patterns were consistent with the changes of the activities assayed in solutions. These results suggested that Glycyrrhiza uralensis seedlings may have a better protection against oxidative stress by increasing antioxidant enzymes and PAL activity exposed to cadmium toxicity. Keywords: licorice, reactive oxygen species (ROS), plant oxidative damage, antioxidant phenolic substances, heavy metal, toxic element Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 508-515 Volume: 56 Issue: 11 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/30/2010-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/30/2010-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201011-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:56:y:2010:i:11:id:30-2010-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Y. Cai Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Huajiachi Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: L. Lin Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Huajiachi Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: W. Cheng Author-Workplace-Name: Jiaxing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiaxing, P.R. China Author-Name: G. Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Huajiachi Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: F. Wu Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Huajiachi Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China Title: Genotypic dependent effect of exogenous glutathione on Cd-induced changes in cadmium and mineral uptake and accumulation in rice seedlings (Oryza sativa) Abstract: A hydroponic experiment was performed using Cd-sensitive (cv. Xiushui63) and tolerant (cv. Bing97252) rice cultivars to evaluate the difference in their response to Cd toxicity in the presence of exogenous glutathione (GSH). The results showed that Cd stress (5 and 50 μmol/l Cd) decreased plant fresh weight, contents of chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids, with Cd-sensitive genotype being more severely affected. Cd significantly decreased concentration and accumulation of Mn in roots/shoots, and Zn in shoots, but increased Cu concentration in roots/shoots. There was a significantly negative correlation between shoot Zn concentrations and shoot/root Cd concentrations, and between root Cd and Mn concentrations. Exogenous GSH significantly alleviated Cd-induced growth inhibition and markedly reduced Cd uptake in both genotypes. In addition, GSH induced a Cd-dose- and genotype-dependent effects on Cd-induced changes in mineral concentration/accumulation and chlorophyll content in rice seedlings. GSH alleviated Cd-induced decrease in root/shoot Zn and Ca concentrations and accumulation of Xiushui 63, while increased root Ca and Mn concentrations in Bing 97252 under 5 µmol/l Cd stress. In addition, GSH also significantly enhanced chlorophyll a and b contents of Bing 97252 in both 5 and 50 µmol/l Cd, and Xiushui 63 in 50 µmol Cd. Keywords: Keywords: cadmium, genotype, glutathione, mineral elements, rice (Oryza sativa L.), uptake Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 516-525 Volume: 56 Issue: 11 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/107/2010-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/107/2010-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201011-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:56:y:2010:i:11:id:107-2010-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Y.L. Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, P.R. China Author-Name: L.J. Chen Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, P.R. China Author-Name: C.X. Sun Author-Workplace-Name: SciencesCollege, Northeastern University, Shenyang, P.R. China Author-Name: Z.J. Wu Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, P.R. China Author-Name: Z.H. Chen Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, P.R. China Author-Name: G.H. Dong Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems, Lanzhou University, Title: Soil hydrolase activities and kinetic properties as affected by wheat cropping systems of Northeastern China Abstract: Agricultural practices that reduce soil degradation and improve agriculture sustainability are important particularly for dry hilly land of Chaoyang County in the Liaoning Province, North-east China, where cinnamon soils are widely distributed and mainly for wheat production. The impacts of 10-year cropping systems (wheat-cabbage sequential cropping, wheat-corn intercrop, wheat-sunflower rotation, wheat-soybean rotation) on soil enzyme properties of surface-soil (0-20 cm) were studied. Total carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur, and nine soil hydrolases related to nutrient availabilities (β-galactosidase, α-galactosidase, β-glucosidase, α-glucosidase, urease, protease, phosphomonoesterase, phosphodiesterase, arylsulphatase) and five enzymes kinetic characters were examined. Wheat-corn intercrop systems had higher total C, total N, total P and total S concentrations than wheat-soybean and wheat-sunflower rotation systems. Most test enzyme activities (α-galactosidase, β-galactosidase, α-glucosidase, β-glucosidase, urease, protease, phosphomonoesterase and arylsulphatase) showed the highest activities under wheat-corn intercropping system. Urease, protease and phosphodiesterase activities of wheat-cabbage sequential cropping system were significantly higher than two rotation systems. The maximum reaction rates of enzymes (Vmax) were higher than apparent enzyme activity, which suggests larger potential activity of enzymes, while not all kinetic parameters were adaptive as soil quality indicators in dry hilly cinnamon soil. Keywords: cinnamon soil, wheat cropping systems, soil enzyme activities, kinetic properties of soil enzymes Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 526-532 Volume: 56 Issue: 11 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/108/2010-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/108/2010-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201011-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:56:y:2010:i:11:id:108-2010-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Pavlík Author-Workplace-Name: Isotope Laboratory, Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: D. Pavlíková Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: S. Vašíčková Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Infrared spectroscopy-based metabolomic analysis of maize growing under different nitrogen nutrition Abstract: For metabolomic analysis of maize plants growing under different nitrogen nutrition sequential extraction of fresh biomass was used and isolated fractions were characterized and evaluated using IR spectra. The IR spectra of individual fractions were evaluated in relation to the nitrogen rates (2 g or 4 g N), to applied fertilizers (ammonium nitrogen or urea ammonium nitrate solution) and sampling period. For butanol fraction, typical bands of flavonoids, polar phospholipids, steryl glycosides, analogues of ecdysteroids were characterized. The IR spectra of BuOH fraction showed changes of relative contents of isolated compounds mainly affected by nitrogen rates. For water fraction bands of organic acids, salts of organic acids, flavonoid glycosides and oligopeptides (phytochelatins and/or glutathione) were the most significant. The results showed an increased induction of oxalic acid in plants after 4 g N application. Degradation of this acid induced oxidative stress, therefore strong correlation among contents of oxalic acid, flavonoids and compounds with amide nitrogen (glutathione) was observed in plants growing under 4 g nitrogen nutrition. The glutathione-ascorbate cycle protects plants against oxidative damage. Keywords: ammonium, ecdysone phosphate, CULTAN, sequential extraction, Zea mays Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 533-540 Volume: 56 Issue: 11 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/190/2010-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/190/2010-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201011-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:56:y:2010:i:11:id:190-2010-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Landová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroecology and Biometeorology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: K. Hamouzová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroecology and Biometeorology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Soukup Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroecology and Biometeorology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Jursík Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroecology and Biometeorology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Holec Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroecology and Biometeorology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: G.R. Squire Author-Workplace-Name: Scottish Crop Research Institute, Dundee, United Kingdom Title: Population density and soil seed bank of weed beet as influenced by crop sequence and soil tillage Abstract: Dynamics of population density and soil seed bank of weed beet was studied in a 5 year crop rotation consisting of spring barley, and sugar beet. Beside the crop rotation experiment, the seeds of weed beet were studied for their dormancy and viability in soil seed bank over the period of four years. The obtained data indicates that weed beet was able to produce seeds only in sugar beet, but not in barley. In sugar beet, its reproductive potential allows weed beet to restore and increase the soil seed bank of glomerules rapidly. Common infestation of sugar beet is able to persist over more than the 2-year period between repeated introductions of sugar beet in crop rotation. The experiment has also proven the negative effect of weed beet presence on sugar beet yield. The sugar beet root yield decreased of 0.4 t/ha with every 1000 weed beet plants per hectare. The yearly loss of viable seeds was about 75%. The number of surviving seeds decreased exponentially in time. Less than 2% of seeds remained viable after three years in the soil. Seasonal fluctuations of seed dormancy were observed. Seeds were dormant in autumn, lost dormancy in winter and recovered it in late summer. Keywords: Beta spp., crop rotation, population dynamics, soil seed bank, sugar beet, weed bee Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 541-549 Volume: 56 Issue: 11 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/1457-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1457-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201011-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:56:y:2010:i:11:id:1457-PSE