Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J.K. Sun Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Restoration Ecology, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Science for Yellow River Delta, Binzhou University, Binzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: T. Li Author-Workplace-Name: Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Science for Yellow River Delta, Binzhou University, Binzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: J.B. Xia Author-Workplace-Name: Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Science for Yellow River Delta, Binzhou University, Binzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: J.Y. Tian Author-Workplace-Name: Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Science for Yellow River Delta, Binzhou University, Binzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: Z.H. Lu Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Restoration Ecology, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Science for Yellow River Delta, Binzhou University, Binzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: R.T. Wang Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Restoration Ecology, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing, P.R. China Title: Influence of salt stress on ecophysiological parameters of Periploca sepium bunge Abstract: An experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of salt stress on Periploca sepium Bunge seedlings using three levels of salinity, 50 mmol/L, 100 mmol/L, and 200 mmol/L sodium chloride (NaCl) solution. The results showed that growth parameters and net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs) of Periploca sepium Bunge were enhanced under low salinity levels (50 mmol/L NaCl), which reduced strongly with increasing salinity levels. Under 100 mmol/L NaCl and 200 mmol/L NaCl stress, the decline of Pn was mainly caused by non-stomatal factors. The water use efficiency (WUE), apparent light use efficiency (LUE), carboxylation efficiency (CUE) were enhanced under low salinity levels (50 mmol/L NaCl), the maximum value of WUE was observed at 100 mmol/L NaCl, the minimum value of WUE was observed at 200 mmol/L NaCl, the LUE, CUE were reduced by 52% and 47%, at 200 mmol/L NaCl, respectively, compared to control. Activities of the antioxidative enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) were enhanced by low salinity treatment (50 mmol/L NaCl), but CAT activity decreased at 200 mmol/L NaCl stress. Malondialdehyde (MDA) was non-significant compared to the control under low salinity levels (50 mmol/L NaCl), the maximum value was observed at 200 mmol/L NaCl. These results suggest a possibility to improve saline soil utilization of Periploca sepium Bunge in Yellow River Delta region. Keywords: salinity, growth, gas exchange, protective enzyme, lipid peroxidation Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 139-144 Volume: 57 Issue: 4 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/227/2010-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/227/2010-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201104-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:57:y:2011:i:4:id:227-2010-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: O.E. Mohawesh Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Mu'tah University, Al-Karak, Jordan Title: Evaluation of evapotranspiration models for estimating daily reference evapotranspiration in arid and semiarid environments Abstract: Daily outputs from eight evapotranspiration models were tested against reference evapotranspiration (ETo) data computed by FAO56PM to assess the accuracy of each model in estimating ETo. Models were compared at eight stations across Jordan. Results show that Hargreaves modified models were the best in light of mean biased error (MBE), root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE). The MBE, RMSE, and MAE values ranged from -1.47 to 0.81, 3.87 to 1.14 and 0.87 to 3.15 mm/day for HarM1, and from -1.45 to 0.89, 1.08 to 3.91, and 0.85 to 3.16 mm/day for HarM2, respectively, which would make it the best models in light of the MBE, RMSE and MAE ranging from -6.18 to 2.79, 6.90 to 1.08 and 4.74 to 0.85 mm/day for all models and stations. Comparisons were also made using three composite regions: countrywide, semiarid, and arid regions. In conclusion, local calibration is needed for the whole models or the linear regression can be used to calculate the ETo. Keywords: modelling, FAO56 Penman-Monteith, evapotranspiration, Jordan Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 145-152 Volume: 57 Issue: 4 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/240/2010-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/240/2010-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201104-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:57:y:2011:i:4:id:240-2010-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. Ali Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Huajiachi Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: F. Zeng Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Huajiachi Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: S. Cai Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Huajiachi Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: B. Qiu Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Huajiachi Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: G. Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Huajiachi Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China Title: The interaction of salinity and chromium in the influence of barley growth and oxidative stress Abstract: The effect of chromium and NaCl on growth and anti-oxidative enzymes in two barley genotypes differing in salt tolerance was investigated in a hydroponic experiment. Salinity stress reduced plant growth, photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance, while increased SOD and POD activities, and MDA content in barley plants. CM72, a salt-tolerant genotype was less affected by salinity stress than Gairdner, a salt-sensitive genotype. The effect of Cr on plant growth and anti-oxidative enzymes varied with Cr level. Under low Cr level (10 µmol), plant growth inhibition and oxidative stress caused by salinity stress were generally alleviated, in particular for Garidner. The combined stress of high Cr level (50 µmol) and NaCl stress caused more severe oxidative stress, resulting in further reduction of plant growth parameters, photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance as compared to two stresses alone. Keywords: anti-oxidative enzymes, photosynthesis, genotype, plant biomass, lipid peroxidation Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 153-159 Volume: 57 Issue: 4 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/335/2010-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/335/2010-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201104-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:57:y:2011:i:4:id:335-2010-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: F. Hrabě Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Production, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Knot Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Production, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Title: The effect of trophism level and exploitation intensity on the production characteristics of grassland community dominated by Festuca arundinacea Schreb. Abstract: In 2004-2009, a small-plot trial was conducted on permanent grassland dominated by Festuca arundinacea Schreb. on the mesohygrophytic site in order to evaluate effects of four levels of nutrition: F1 = without NPK fertilization, F2 = P30 + K60, F3 = N90 + P30 + K60, F4 = N180 + P30 + K60 kg/ha), four levels of cutting intensity (I1-4, I2-3, I3-2, early, I4-2, late cut) and their interactive influence, i.e. a total of 16 variants on the production of forage dry matter, production of crude protein (CD) and net energy of lactation (NEL) per hectare. The dominant influence of N-nutrition is documented by significant differences in forage dry matter (DM) production between the variants (with the exception of F1/F2) ranging from 4.41-4.80 to 8.44-9.83 t/ha. The effect of different exploitation level on the production is subdominant and no significant differences were found either in the production of forage DM(I1-6.41 - I2-6.59 - I3-6.97 - I4-7.50 t/ha) or in the production of nutrients. Management models to be recommended for the given type of sward with respect to the interactive influence, efficacy of forage production and quality are as follows: (a) three cuts/180 kg N + PK/ha with forage suitable for dairy cows; (b) two cuts/90 kg N + PK/ha with forage suitable for cattle breeds kept for meat. Keywords: grassland, fertilization, cutting frequency, forage productivity, energy inputs and outputs Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 160-165 Volume: 57 Issue: 4 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/359/2010-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/359/2010-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201104-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:57:y:2011:i:4:id:359-2010-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: T. Veselý Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Tlustoš Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Száková Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Organic salts enhanced soil risk elements leaching and bioaccumulation in Pistia stratiotes Abstract: It is well known that organic chelates have a positive influence on micronutrients mobilisation. The objective of the present study was to investigate the efficiency of organic acid salts to enhance mobility of Cd, Pb, and Zn in soil with subsequent bioaccumulation in water plant (P. stratiotes). Column flushing and pot rhizofiltration experiment were conducted. Statistical analyses ANOVA with Tukey's HSD test were used for results analysis. Results revealed statistically different efficiency of four tested organic acid salts (P < 0.05). Ammonium citrate was the most effective for release of all three risk elements. Cd, Pb, and Zn were mobilised by 45%, 321%, and 116% more than under 0.11 mol/L acetic acid (exchangeable form), respectively. Ammonium oxalate and acetate proved lower efficiency (P < 0.05). Young plants showed higher bioconcentration factor (BCF) than old ones in leaves as well in roots. Old plants proved lower residual metal concentration in solution. Mobilisation efficiency and metals accumulation in biomass were the highest under citrate and tartrate treatments. Keywords: chelate, efficiency, cadmium, lead, mobility Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 166-172 Volume: 57 Issue: 4 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/411/2010-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/411/2010-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201104-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:57:y:2011:i:4:id:411-2010-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: L. Trakal Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Neuberg Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Tlustoš Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Száková Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Tejnecký Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: O. Drábek Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Dolomite limestone application as a chemical immobilization of metal-contaminated soil Abstract: In this experiment we proved an effect of dolomite limestone on chemical immobilization in soil contaminated by trace metals, namely Cd, Pb, and Zn. Primary, we set up lysimeter pot experiment to measure soil leaching without vegetation. Willow clone (S. × smithiana Willd) was cultivated in the second lysimeter pot as a new approach to monitor Pb, Cd and Zn leaching, which was affected by soil liming (used in 1% rate). At the time of both harvests, aboveground biomass increased significantly at the amended variant. After the second harvest aboveground biomass production increased by 80% in comparison with the first one, Cd and Zn concentration in biomass decreased 2-fold and 3-fold, respectively. Dolomite limestone as a process of liming: (i) restricted metals leaching from the soil substrate; (ii) reduced metal uptake by willow; and (iii) increased biomass production of willow. Liming also alleviated the plant stress imposed by risk elements resulting in better plant growth and lower levels of stress markers (total nitrogen content and the main amino acid metabolism parameters in the willow leaves) yet through different mechanisms. Keywords: toxic metals, liming, willow, lysimeter pot, leaching Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 173-179 Volume: 57 Issue: 4 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/408/2010-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/408/2010-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201104-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:57:y:2011:i:4:id:408-2010-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: F. Šrámek Author-Workplace-Name: Silva Tarouca Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental Gardening, Průhonice, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Dubský Author-Workplace-Name: Silva Tarouca Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental Gardening, Průhonice, Czech Republic Title: Occurrence and correction of lime-induced chlorosis in petunia plants Abstract: The effect of various concentrations and ratios of iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) chelates on growth, micronutrient uptake and chlorophyll content was investigated in a glasshouse experiment using potted petunia plants. The plants were cultivated in a peat substrate amended with dolomitic limestone at rate of 3.0 g/L (control substrate) or 12.0 g/L. The higher rate was established both to restrict the uptake of Fe, Mn and other nutrients and also to test the effectiveness of various Fe and Mn treatments. The plants in all the treatments were fertigated at weekly intervals with a nutrient solution containing macronutrients and micronutrients. Various chelate forms of Fe and Mn were used with the exception of two treatments where these two elements were omitted. The effects of different substrate pH levels (derived from different limestone contents) had a large effect on plant growth, chlorophyll content and content of Fe and Mn accumulated in the plant leaves. The plants in the high-limestone substrate devoid of Fe and Mn had reduced growth and lower chlorophyll content. They also had lower leaf Fe and Mn content than the control plants in the R3 substrate. Regular fertigation with a nutrient solution containing Mn and Fe improved plant growth rate and also increased chlorophyll content. However, its efficiency depended on the chelate form and concentration used. The effect of chelate application on the Fe and Mn leaf content was unclear as it only marginally increased leaf Fe absorption in some treatments. No effect of the various Fe/Mn ratios was observed. Keywords: Petunia × atkinsiana, iron, manganese, iron chelates, Fe-EDTA, Fe-DTPA, Fe-EDDHA, Mn-EDTA Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 180-185 Volume: 57 Issue: 4 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/426/2010-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/426/2010-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201104-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:57:y:2011:i:4:id:426-2010-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ž. Videnović Author-Workplace-Name: Maize Research Institute, Zemun Polje, Belgrade, Serbia Author-Name: M. Simić Author-Workplace-Name: Maize Research Institute, Zemun Polje, Belgrade, Serbia Author-Name: J. Srdić Author-Workplace-Name: Maize Research Institute, Zemun Polje, Belgrade, Serbia Author-Name: Z. Dumanović Author-Workplace-Name: Maize Research Institute, Zemun Polje, Belgrade, Serbia Title: Long term effects of different soil tillage systems on maize (Zea mays L.) yields Abstract: The effects of three tillage systems: no-tillage (NT), reduced tillage (RT) and conventional tillage (CT), and three levels of fertilization (0, 258 and 516 kg/ha NPK (58:18:24)), on the maize yield during ten years (1999-2008) were analyzed on the chernozem soil type in Zemun Polje, Serbia. Statistical analyses showed significant effects of all three factors i.e., year, soil tillage and amount of fertilizers, and their interactions on the maize yield. The ten-year averages showed that the highest yields were observed with CT (10.61 t/ha), while the averages with RT and NT were lower (8.99 t/ha and 6.85 t/ha, respectively). The results of the influence of the amount of the applied fertilizers on maize yield showed that the lowest yield was in the zero level of fertilization 7.71 t/ha, while the yield was raised when the 258 kg/ha and 516 kg/ha NPK were applied (9.18 t/ha and 9.56 t/ha, respectively). Analyzing the influence of the soil tillage systems on maize production with respect to the amounts of applied fertilizers, this research revealed the benefits of CT under the presented agroecological conditions, irrespective of the level of applied fertilizer. Keywords: maize, no-tillage, tillage, conventional tillage, levels of fertilizer Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 186-192 Volume: 57 Issue: 4 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/443/2010-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/443/2010-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201104-0008.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:57:y:2011:i:4:id:443-2010-PSE