Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: L. Kolář Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Applied Plant Biotechnologies, Agricultural Faculty, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, České Budějovice, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Vaněk Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroenvironmental Chemistry, and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: S. Kužel Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Applied Plant Biotechnologies, Agricultural Faculty, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, České Budějovice, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Peterka Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Applied Plant Biotechnologies, Agricultural Faculty, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, České Budějovice, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Borová-Batt Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Applied Plant Biotechnologies, Agricultural Faculty, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, České Budějovice, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Pezlarová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Applied Plant Biotechnologies, Agricultural Faculty, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, České Budějovice, Czech Republic Title: Relationships between quality and quantity of soil labile fraction of the soil carbon in Cambisols after liming during a 5-year period Abstract: The labile fraction of soil organic carbon (SOC) in terms of its quantity is a sensitive but dynamic indicator of the reactive agent in soils. If it is to be considered as a feature of soil quality, the value of its quantity should be completed by data on its quality. It can be expressed by the value of the rate constant of microbial oxidation kbio of this fraction or by data on chemical stability during hydrolysis or oxidation. If the quality of SOC labile fraction is not determined, at least the ratio of CMIC: Corg should be given. The adjustment of soil acidity increases the microbial activity of soils, therefore the quantity of SOC labile fraction decreases and at the same time kbio decreases proportionately to the increasing stability of soil organic matters. During a 5-year period after the liming the soils acidify again and this process passes the faster the lesser their ion exchange capacity and buffering are. The quantity of the labile fraction of SOC raises again, its stability decreases and kbio raises again. The conversion pH value has secondary relevance. Keywords: soil organic carbon (SOC), labile fraction SOC, quality and quantity, effect of soil reaction adjustment, time changes Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 193-200 Volume: 57 Issue: 5 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/453/2010-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/453/2010-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201105-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:57:y:2011:i:5:id:453-2010-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Y. Yang Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Subtropical Agriculture and Environment, Centre for Microelement Research of Huazhong Agricultural University, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, P.R. China Author-Name: Q.L. Wang Author-Workplace-Name: Wuhan Military Economic Academy, Wuhan, P.R. China Author-Name: M.J. Geng Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Subtropical Agriculture and Environment, Centre for Microelement Research of Huazhong Agricultural University, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, P.R. China Author-Name: Z.H. Guo Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Subtropical Agriculture and Environment, Centre for Microelement Research of Huazhong Agricultural University, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, P.R. China Author-Name: Z. Zhao Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Subtropical Agriculture and Environment, Centre for Microelement Research of Huazhong Agricultural University, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, P.R. China Title: Rhizosphere pH difference regulated by plasma membrane H+-ATPase is related to differential Al tolerance of two wheat cultivars Abstract: Aluminum (Al)-tolerance of different cultivars shows considerable differences. Elevation of rhizosphere pH is an external Al-resistant mechanism of plants. To elucidate the correlation between Al tolerance and the capacity of plants to modify the rhizosphere pH at different Al-tolerant levels, a comparative study on the wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars ET8 (Al-tolerant) and ES8 (Al-sensitive) was performed. Rhizosphere pH of ET8 was much higher than that of ES8 under the same treatment, significant correlations were obtained among all the data of rhizosphere pH and relative root elongation (R2 = 0.9209**), or Al content in root apex (R2 = 0.9321**), which indicated that Al tolerance may be related to pH changes in the rhizosphere. The elevation of rhizosphere pH was inhibited by H+-ATPase specific inhibitor DCCD (dicylcohexylcarbodiimide, 25 mmol). Relative PM (plasma membrane) H+-ATPase activity of ET8 was significantly higher than that of ES8 under the same treatment. Significant correlation between all the data of relative PM H+-ATPase activity and rhizosphere pH (R2 = 0.8319**) were obtained. Taken together, these results suggest that PM H+-ATPase was involved in regulating rhizosphere pH. Under Al stress, the Al-tolerant line showed a stronger capacity of up-regulating rhizosphere pH by PM H+-ATPase than the Al-sensitive line, which may explain the observed differences in Al tolerance between the two wheat cultivars. Keywords: acid soil, Al species, Triticum aestivum L., root Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 201-206 Volume: 57 Issue: 5 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/419/2010-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/419/2010-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201105-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:57:y:2011:i:5:id:419-2010-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Vanaja Author-Workplace-Name: Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Santoshnagar, India Author-Name: S.K. Yadav Author-Workplace-Name: Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Santoshnagar, India Author-Name: G. Archana Author-Workplace-Name: Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Santoshnagar, India Author-Name: N. Jyothi Lakshmi Author-Workplace-Name: Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Santoshnagar, India Author-Name: P.R. Ram Reddy Author-Workplace-Name: Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Santoshnagar, India Author-Name: P. Vagheera Author-Workplace-Name: Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Santoshnagar, India Author-Name: S.K. Abdul Razak Author-Workplace-Name: Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Santoshnagar, India Author-Name: M. Maheswari Author-Workplace-Name: Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Santoshnagar, India Author-Name: B. Venkateswarlu Author-Workplace-Name: Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Santoshnagar, India Title: Response of C4 (maize) and C3 (sunflower) crop plants to drought stress and enhanced carbon dioxide concentration Abstract: Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) were chosen as C3 and C4 crop plants and assessed for the impact of enhanced CO2 (700 ppm) and its interaction with drought stress in open top chambers (OTCs). The ameliorative effect of higher CO2 concentration (eCO2) under drought stress was quantified. It is interesting to note that the C3 crop responded significantly and positively with eCO2 under both well-watered and drought stress treatments for root: shoot ratio while C4 crop showed a better response only with the drought stress environment. Root volume showed a positive significant response with CO2 concentration enhanced over ambient level and the increment in root volume was 146% and 340% in sunflower and maize crops, respectively. The leaf water potential, stomatal conductance and transpiration showed a decreasing trend in both the crops with drought stress and eCO2 showed an ameliorative effect leading to higher Pn rates in sunflower crop under drought stress treatment. The findings reveal that improvement of root traits is worth attempting for the future crop behavioral responses under eCO2 and drought stress environments. The study confirmed the beneficial effect of eCO2 in maize and sunflower by ameliorating the adverse affects of drought stress. Keywords: leaf area, root and shoot characteristics, leaf water potential, gas exchange Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 207-215 Volume: 57 Issue: 5 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/346/2010-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/346/2010-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201105-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:57:y:2011:i:5:id:346-2010-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. Seremesic Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia Author-Name: D. Milosev Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia Author-Name: I. Djalovic Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia Author-Name: T. Zeremski Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia Author-Name: J. Ninkov Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia Title: Management of soil organic carbon in maintaining soil productivity and yield stability of winter wheat Abstract: The objective of this study was to estimate how soil organic carbon influences winter wheat yield in the South Pannonian Basin. The treatments evaluated were: fertilized 3 year and 2 year crop rotation, fertilized wheat monoculture and unfertilized 3 year and 2 year crop rotation in the 38 years of continuous cropping (1970-2007). These treatments showed a declining trend of soil organic carbon in the 0-30 cm soil layer, respectively. On average, the plow-layer of the treatments lost 10% of soil organic carbon found at the beginning of the investigated period. The plow­layer of the unfertilized treatments reached a possible soil organic carbon threshold (1.16%) after balance on decomposition and formation was observed. We found that soil organic carbon preservation coupled with proper management such as crop rotation and fertilization is important for preserving soil productivity, and when soil organic carbon increases it could benefit winter wheat yield. Obtained results are valuable for developing a sustainable cropping technology for winter wheat and soil conservation. Keywords: SOC, winter wheat yield, South Pannonian Basin, crop residue Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 216-221 Volume: 57 Issue: 5 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/207/2010-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/207/2010-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201105-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:57:y:2011:i:5:id:207-2010-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. Sreeranjini Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Botany, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, Kerala, India Author-Name: E.A. Siril Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Botany, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, Kerala, India Title: Evaluation of anti-genotoxicity of the leaf extracts of Morinda citrifolia Linn. Abstract: Morinda citrifolia Linn. (family Rubiaceae) is a small tree occurring in tropical areas of the world. The plant contains several medicinally active components that exhibit the therapeutic effects such as antibacterial, antiviral and anticancer activities. Anti-genotoxic effects of aqueous extracts prepared using dried leaves of M. citrifolia was studied. Allium cepa root tip meristem cells treated with 7% hydrogen peroxide were used for eliciting anti-genotoxicity. For this purpose experiments were performed with A. cepa onion bulbs treated for 24 h with different concentrations (15 or 30 g/L) of aqueous extract with or without pre-treatment (1 h) with 7% hydrogen peroxide. A significant reduction in mitotic index was recorded in treatment groups over negative control. Chromosomal aberrations such as breaks, bridges, stickiness and polar deviations were observed in positive control and treatment groups. The highest (21.48) percentage of chromosomal aberrations was noticed in positive control. A significant reduction in chromosomal aberrations (9.39) was recorded in root tips treated with hydrogen peroxide followed by 15 g/L extract. H2O2 induced chromosomal aberrations were reduced due to leaf extract treatment indicates anti-mutagenic potential of the M. citrifolia. The observations suggest that M. citrifolia aqueous leaf extracts have anti-mitotic and anti-genotoxic effects; consequently oxidative stress induced aberrations due to H2O2 are efficiently restored in the extract treated A. cepa root meristem cells. Keywords: Allium cepa, chromosome aberrations, hydrogen peroxide, mitotic index, oxidative stress Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 222-227 Volume: 57 Issue: 5 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/376/2010-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/376/2010-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201105-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:57:y:2011:i:5:id:376-2010-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: G. Xu Author-Workplace-Name: The CAS/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Process, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Yantai, P.R. China Author-Name: J.N. Sun Author-Workplace-Name: The CAS/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Process, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Yantai, P.R. China Author-Name: R.F. Xu Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Name: Y.C. Lv Author-Workplace-Name: The CAS/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Process, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Yantai, P.R. China Author-Name: H.B. Shao Author-Workplace-Name: The CAS/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Process, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Yantai, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Institute for Life Sciences, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, P.R. China Author-Name: K. Yan Author-Workplace-Name: The CAS/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Process, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Yantai, P.R. China Author-Name: L.H. Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: The CAS/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Process, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Yantai, P.R. China Author-Name: M.S.A. Blackwell Author-Workplace-Name: Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, Okehampton, Devon, United Kingdom Title: Effects of air-drying and freezing on phosphorus fractions in soils with different organic matter contents Abstract: Little is known about the effects of air-drying and freezing on the transformation of phosphorus (P) fractions in soils. It is important that the way in which soils respond to such perturbations is better understood as there are implications for both P availability and loss to surface waters from soils. In this study, the effects of air-drying and freezing were investigated using two soils, one being a forest soil (FS) high in organic matter and the other being a sterile soil (SS) low in organic matter. Soil P was fractionated using a modified Hedley fractionation method to examine the changes of phosphorus fractions induced by air-drying and freezing. Generally, there were no significant differences of total phosphorus among the three treatments (CV% < 10%). Compared with field moist soils, freezing the soil evoked few changes on phosphorus fractions except that the resin-P increased in FS soil. On the contrary, air-drying significantly changed the distribution of phosphors fractions for both soils: increased the labile-P (especially resin-P) and organic-P (NaHCO3-Po, NaOH-Po and Con.HCl-Po) at the expense of NaOH-Pi and occlude-P (Dil.HCl-P and Con.HCl-Pi). Resin-P significantly increased by 31% for SS soil and by 121% for FS soil upon air-drying. The effect of air-drying seemed to be more pronounced in the FS soil with high organic matter content. These results indicated that drying seem to drive the P transformation form occlude-P to labile-P and organic-P and accelerated the weathering of stable P pool. This potentially could be significant for soil P supply to plants and P losses from soils to surface waters under changing patterns of rainfall and temperature as predicted by some climate change scenarios. Keywords: P transformation, Hedley fractionation, air-drying, climate change, forest soil, sterile soil Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 228-234 Volume: 57 Issue: 5 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/428/2010-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/428/2010-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201105-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:57:y:2011:i:5:id:428-2010-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Lachman Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: D. Miholová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Pivec Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: K. Jírů Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: D. Janovská Author-Workplace-Name: Czech Gene Bank, Crop Research Institute, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Content of phenolic antioxidants and selenium in grain of einkorn (Triticum monococcum), emmer (Triticum dicoccum) and spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) varieties Abstract: Wheat is worldwide consumed and contributes significantly to the intake of antioxidants with beneficial healthy effects. In the precise two-year field experiments in 2008 and 2009 two varieties of wheat einkorn, two varieties of emmer wheat and three varieties of spring wheat and in 2009 in addition two other spring wheat varieties, three einkorn varieties and three emmer wheat varieties were evaluated for selenium content and antioxidants - total polyphenols (TP). Selenium content was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry with hydride generation technique (HGAAS) and total polyphenols with Folin-Ciocalteau assay. Higher selenium content in grain is related to emmer (58.9-68.4 mg/kg DM) and einkorn (50.0-54.8 mg/kg DM) varieties; in spring varieties selenium content ranged from 29.8 to 39.9 mg/kg DM. Among the varieties with high TP (expressed in gallic acid equivalents) emmer varieties prevail (584-692 mg/kg DM), less represented are einkorn (507-612 mg/kg DM) and spring wheat (502-601 mg/kg DM) varieties. Among varieties significant differences were determined. TP were significantly higher in emmer wheat varieties and one einkorn and one spring wheat variety. Between TP and Se significant linear correlation was determined (r = 0.709). Keywords: total polyphenol content, Se, antioxidants, minority wheat varieties, HGAAS, Folin-Ciocalteau assay Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 235-243 Volume: 57 Issue: 5 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/13/2011-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/13/2011-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201105-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:57:y:2011:i:5:id:13-2011-PSE